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THE PERIODIC TABLE!
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The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.

Dec 24, 2015

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Aubrie Barton
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Page 3: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.
Page 4: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.

Organization

• The elements are arranged by increasing atomic number! (They count up in order!)

• Remember atomic number is the same thing as the number of protons

• The layout of the table (where things are located) is important; the position of things tells us information about specific elements.

# of protons = atomic number

Page 5: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.

Parts to Know:• Atomic Number: tells us

number of protons in an atom

• The number of protons and the number of electrons in an atom are always the same

• We always assume that atoms are neutral

• The atomic number is specific to each element, like our DNA or fingerprints. We can change the number, but doing so changes the element we have!

Proton = (+) chargeElectron = (-) charge

+6 plus -6 = 00 means neutral charge overall

http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapter4/lesson1

Page 6: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.

Review of each “box”

Mass #

Atomic #Order of electrons

Symbol

# Protons = 17# Electrons = 17# Neutrons = 35 – 17 = 18

Three shells:1st shell has 2 electrons2nd shell has 8 electrons3rd shell has 7 electrons

17 p18 n

Page 7: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.

…more parts…

• Chemical Symbol: letters that are used to represent the names of different elements

• The first letter is always upper case and the second letter is always lower case

• Ex: Chlorine is always Cl

Mass #

Atomic #Order of electrons

Symbol

Al the symbol for Aluminum.

Its atomic # is 13.This means it has 13

protons.Its mass is 27.

Page 8: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.

Valence Electrons

• Valence electrons are the electrons located in the LAST energy shell of an atom.

• It is important because it determines how it reacts with other atoms.

11

Page 9: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.

# Shells

How many

valence electrons

Example: Valence Electrons

2 2 3 3 3 3

1 2 5 6 7 8

Page 10: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.

Families• There are columns on the periodic table

called families.• Each family is named and they tell us the

number of valence electrons an atom has.

• Just like our families, elements in the same family have a lot in common.– Group 17 are used as cleaning products

Page 11: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.

Electron Configuration

• The bottom of each elemental box has the electron configuration.

• It tells you how many energy shells it has and how many electrons go in each shell.

• Remember: the last number tells you the number of valence electrons.

Families (usually) have the same number of valence

electrons!

This is the electron configuration. There are 4 energy shells and the number of valence electrons is

2.

Page 12: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.

Rows!

• There are 7 rows on the periodic table, they tell us the number of RINGS an atom has.

Rings = shells = energy levels

Page 13: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.

Row 1

Row 2

Row 3Row 4

Row 5

Row 6

Row 7

Row is the same thing as period number!

Page 14: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.
Page 15: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.

Metals• Metals constitute most of the

Periodic Table.• They are on the LEFT of the

staircaseProperties of metals:

1. Malleable (can be hammered)

2. Ductile (can be drawn into a wire)

3. Has luster (shiny)4. Good conductors of heat

and electricity

http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapter4/lesson3

Page 16: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.

Nonmetals

• Nonmetals are located to the RIGHT of the staircase.

Properties of nonmetals:1. Dull2. Poor conductors of heat

and electricity3. A lot of nonmetals are

gasses at room temperature

4. NOT malleable and NOT ductile

5. Brittle (easily smashed into a powder)

SULFUR

Page 17: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.

Metalloids• Metalloids are in between metals and

nonmetals and are on the staircase.Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge),

Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb), and Tellurium (Te)• Properties of metalloids:

1. They are semiconductors2. They have some properties of metals 3. They have some properties of nonmetals

Ex: Te is shiny AND brittle

Antimony

Page 18: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.

Family 1 / Group 1

• These are called the Alkali Metals.• Highly reactive, shiny, color of silver,

and very soft• Since they are in Group 1, they have

1 valence electron.

Page 19: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.

Family 2 / Group 2• These are called the Alkaline Earth

Metals.• Since they are in Family 2, they have

2 valence electrons.• They are reactive metals, the color of

silver, and are denser than group 1.

Page 20: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.

Transition Metals

• Families 3-12 are transition metals because they are transitioning from metals to nonmetals.

• Their valence electrons vary

• They are usually very colorful when combined in compounds, like CuSO4.

Page 21: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.

Families/Groups 13-16

• They have metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

• They have the same number of valence electrons.

Key:NonmetalsMetalsMetalloidsCircle the metalloidsX in the metals

Page 22: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.

Family 17 / Group 17• These are called the Halogens.• They are all nonmetals.• They are very reactive and are poor

conductors of electricity• They usually combine with group 1

to make salts

F

Page 23: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.

Family 18 / Group 18

• These are called the Noble Gasses.• They are all nonmetals• They are unreactive, colorless,

odorless gasses at room temperature.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/physics/hunting-elements.html

Page 24: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.

• The extra 2 rows are called the Lanthanides and Actinides and are there for a reason!– If they were placed where they belong they

would push the elements in the respective rows/periods OUT of the correct columns!

– Also, their placement would put them in Transition Metals; which means their location is more or less irrelevant, while the placement of elements in Groups 13-18 is significant.

The extra 2 periods

Lanthanides

Actinides

Page 25: The Periodic Table of Elements Used to keep track of the different elements that are natural & man made Mendeleev used atomic mass. The modern Periodic.