The Periodic Table • A map of the building block of matter. 1 IA 18 VIIIA 1 1 H 1.00797 2 IIA Periodic Table 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 He 4.0026 2 3 Li 6.939 4 Be 9.0122 5 B 10.811 6 C 12.0112 7 N 14.0067 8 O 15.9994 9 F 18.9984 10 Ne 20.179 3 11 Na 22.9898 12 Mg 24.305 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 13 Al 26.9815 14 Si 28.086 15 P 30.9738 16 S 32.064 17 Cl 35.453 18 Ar 39.948 4 19 K 39.102 20 Ca 40.08 21 Sc 44.956 22 Ti 47.90 23 V 50.942 24 Cr 51.996 25 Mn 54.9380 26 Fe 55.847 27 Co 58.9332 28 Ni 58.71 29 Cu 63.54 30 Zn 65.37 31 Ga 65.37 32 Ge 72.59 33 As 74.9216 34 Se 78.96 35 Br 79.909 36 Kr 83.80 5 37 Rb 85.47 38 Sr 87.62 39 Y 88.905 40 Zr 91.22 41 Nb 92.906 42 Mo 95.94 43 Tc [99] 44 Ru 101.07 45 Rh 102.905 46 Pd 106.4 47 Ag 107.870 48 Cd 112.40 49 In 114.82 50 Sn 118.69 51 Sb 121.75 52 Te 127.60 53 I 126.904 54 Xe 131.30 6 55 Cs 132.905 56 Ba 137.34 57 La 138.91 72 Hf 178.49 73 Ta 180.948 74 W 183.85 75 Re 186.2 76 Os 190.2 77 Ir 192.2 78 Pt 195.09 79 Au 196.967 80 Hg 200.59 81 Tl 204.37 82 Pb 207.19 83 Bi 208.980 84 Po [210] 85 At [210] 86 Rn [222] 7 87 Fr [223] 88 Ra [226] 89 Ac [227] 104 Ku [260] 105 106 107 108 109 http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/periodic_table.h
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The Periodic Table A map of the building block of matter. .
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The Periodic Table• A map of the building block of matter.
properties of the elements repeat in a regular pattern when they are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
Families or Groups & Periods
• Families or groups go down columns of the periodic table.
• There are 18 columns that have similar characteristics and they have the following names.1 – alkaline earth metals 15 – nitrogen group2 – alkali metals 16 – chalcogens3-12 – transition metals 17 – halogens13 – boron group 18 – noble gases14 – carbon group
• Periods go across the periodic table.
Directions of trendsIncrease Across – Decrease Down
Electronegativity• Ability to attract
electrons • Most electronegative
atoms are in upper right corner of periodic table (fluorine)
• That’s why atoms on the right gain electrons; they pull electrons from the metals on the left.
Ionization Energy
• Energy required to remove an electron from an atom
• The nucleus’s hold on its valence electrons
Direction of trends increase-down a group & decrease across a period
Atomic Radius• Refers to size of an atom
• As you move across the period, the attraction between valence electrons and the nucleus is stronger; resulting in smaller size
Melting & Boiling Points• Temperature required to
melt or boil an element.
• Metals increase as you go down a group; decrease across a period.
• Nonmetals decrease down a group and increase across a period.
Periodic Table: Metallic arrangement• Layout of the Periodic Table: Metals vs. nonmetals
1IA
18VIIIA
12
IIA13
IIIA14
IVA15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
2
33
IIIB4
IVB5
VB6
VIB7
VIIB8 9
VIIIB10 11
IB12IIB
4
5
6
7
MetalsMetalsNonmetalsNonmetals
Reading the Periodic Table: Classification
Across the Periodic TablePeriods:Periods: Are arranged horizontally across the periodic table Are arranged horizontally across the periodic table
(rows 1-7)(rows 1-7)These elements have the same number of valence shells.These elements have the same number of valence shells.
1IA
18VIIIA
12
IIA13
IIIA14
IVA15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
2
33
IIIB4
IVB5
VB6
VIB7
VIIB8 9
VIIIB10 11
IB12IIB
4
5
6
7
2nd Period
6th Period
Down the Periodic Table•Family:Family: Are arranged vertically down the periodic table Are arranged vertically down the periodic table (columns or (columns or group, 1- 18 or 1-8 A,B)group, 1- 18 or 1-8 A,B)•These elements have the same number electrons in the outer most shells, the valence shell.These elements have the same number electrons in the outer most shells, the valence shell.
1IA
18VIIIA
12
IIA13
IIIA14
IVA15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
2
33
IIIB4
IVB5
VB6
VIB7
VIIB8 9
VIIIB10 11
IB12IIB
4
5
6
7
Alkali Family: 1 e- in the valence shell
Alkali Family: 1 e- in the valence shell
Halogen Family: 7 e- in the valence shell
Halogen Family: 7 e- in the valence shell
Infamous Families of the Periodic Table
• Notable families of the Periodic Table and some important members:
1IA
18VIIIA
12
IIA13
IIIA14
IVA15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
2
33
IIIB4
IVB5
VB6
VIB7
VIIB8 9
VIIIB10 11
IB12IIB
4
5
6
7
Alkali
Alkaline (earth)
Transition MetalsTransition Metals
Noble GasNoble GasHalogenHalogen
ChalcogensChalcogens
1IA
18VIIIA
12
IIA13
IIIA14
IVA15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
2
33
IIIB4
IVB5
VB6
VIB7
VIIB8 9
VIIIB10 11
IB12IIB
4
5
6
7
Important members - the Elements
• Individual members of selected Elements & their Individual members of selected Elements & their characteristics characteristics
H He
Li
Na
K Ca
Mg
Fe
I
Cl
F
P SSi
ONC
Al
ZnCu
Ag
Br
Periodic Table: Electron Behavior• The periodic table can be classified by the behavior of the electrons
Trend in Atomic Radius•Atomic Radius: Atomic Radius:
•The size of an atom is decreases as you move across a period and increases as you move down a family.
Trend in Ionization PotentialIonization potential: Ionization potential:
The energy required to remove the valence electron from an atom. It is greatest in the upper right corner of the periodic table because these atoms hold on to their valence e- the tightest.
Trend in Electron Affinity
Electron Affinity: Electron Affinity:
The energy released when an electron is added to an atom. It is greatest in the upper right corner of the periodic table as these atoms have the greatest affinity for electrons.
Summary of Trends1. Electron Configuration
2. Atomic Radius
3. Ionization Energy3. Ionization Energy4. Electron Affinity4. Electron Affinity