The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table

Classification Activity:You are a chemist studying all the known elements back in the 1860 s. There are only 60 known elements and you have to find a way to organize them into a chart. Let's practice first.

Organize the shapes into groups. You have 5 minutes.

Now, organize your element squares into groups based on their properties. Remember, everything in the same column/area needs to be related and everything in the same row needs to be related.

Biologist's periodic table

ionization energies

The periodic table is based on periodic law--

the chemical and physical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.

But, Mr. Magnuson, what does that mean?!?!?!

It means that the elements are arranged so that their properties line up and they are listed by increasing atomic number.

http://my.hrw.com/sh/hp1/0030724929/student/ch12/sec01/qc01/hp112_01_q01fs.htm

http://10.120.2.32/SAFARI/montage/play.php?keyindex=105&location=local

The 3 major categories of elements are metals, nonmetals and metalloids.

http://my.hrw.com/sh/hp1/0030724929/student/ch04/sec01/qc03/hp104_01_q03fs.htm

Metals--malleable, ductile, shiny, good conductors of thermal and electrical energy.

Nonmetals--dull, poor conductors of thermal and electrical energy, brittle

Metalloids--semiconductors, have properties of both metals and nonmetals, conduct electrical energy only at higher temperatures.

So, we've talked about protons and neutrons and their importance in atoms, but what about electrons?

Electrons are the parts of the atoms that interact with the electrons of other atoms--bonding and creating new compounds.

The electrons doing all the work are on the farthest layer from the nucleus. This outer shell or cloud is known as the valence shell.

Valence electrons are the number of electrons in an atom's outermost energy level. They are the important factor in determining an elements properties.

Metals-- have very few valence electrons (1-3)

Nonmetals-- Valence electrons almost fill the outermost energy levels (5-7)

Metalloids-- about 1/2 of a complete set of outer energy level electrons

The Periodic Table: Families/Groups and Periods

We can organize the elements into families and periods.

Families are the vertical columns and periods are the horizontal rows.

Families are also known as groups.

Families and periods are arranged by similarities in properties of the elements.

Color the Periodic Table Activity