The Pelvis ANHB 2212 – 2008 Avinash Bharadwaj
Feb 21, 2016
The Pelvis
ANHB 2212 – 2008 Avinash Bharadwaj
Bony Pelvis
• Hip bones• Sacrum• Joints and ligaments
Hip Bone
Ligaments
• Sacrospinous
• Sacrotuberous
• Notches Foramina
• Other ligaments
The walls
• Pelvis as a container• Muscles
– Piriformis– Obturator muscles
(Internus/externus)• Membrane
• Vessels and nerves
The Floor
• Pelvic diaphragm– Pubis sacrum
(coccyx)– Obturator fascia
The Floor• Pelvic diaphragm
– Levator ani• Puborectalis• Pubococcygeus• Iliococcygeus
– Coccygeus (ischio-)
• Perineum– Urogenital region
• …diaphragm
– Anal region
Urogenital Region
• Male urethra• Penis
– Corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernosa– Muscles
• Comparable female structures
The Pelvis – “True” and “False”
• Iliac fossae• The pelvic brim• Pelvic cavity
Contents
• Urinary system– Bladder and urethra
• Repoductive system– Male / female
• Digestive system– Rectum – anal canal
• Peritoneum…
Urinary Bladder
• Muscular wall• Reservoir• Sphincters
– Internal – smooth– External – urogenital diaphragm - skeletal
• Variation in size, shape and location…• Empty – Tetrahedral, Pelvis• Full – ovoid, partly abdominal
Urogenital Organs - Male
• Prostate• Seminal vesicles• Ductus deferens
Female Reproductive Organs
• Uterus– Fundus, body, cervix
• Vagina• Angles• Fornix• Ovary and the tube
Female Reproductive Organs
• Uterus– Fundus, body, cervix
• Non-pregnant– Pelvic
• Pregnant– Pelvic 12 weeks– Abdominal
• 20 weeks – umbilicus• 36 weeks -
xiphisternum
Female Reproductive Organs
• Ovaries– Descent– Stops in the pelvis– Ligaments
• Round ligament– Ovarian artery
• From aorta
Female Reproductive Organs
• Uterine tubes– Parts
• Also note– Ovarian artery– Uterine artery
• Ligaments
Rectum and Anal Canal
• The junction• Developmental
correlation• Venous anastomoses• Nerves and lymphatics• Mucosa and sphincters
Internal sphincter – smooth muscleExternal sphincter - skeletal
Rectum and Anal Canal
• Lower part – Ectodermal– Systemic veins– “Modified skin”
The Pelvis – Birth Canal
• Is it adequate?• How do we know?• Sexual dimorphism• Variations and types
Pelvic Dimensions
• Inlet• Midcavity• Outlet
• A-P• Transverse• Oblique
Types of Female Pelvis
• Gynaecoid• Android• Antrhopoid• Platypelloid
• Abnormalities