The Peace Corps Performance and Accountability Report Fiscal Year 2007 annrept2007

8/14/2019 The Peace Corps Performance and Accountability Report Fiscal Year 2007 annrept2007

1/96

Vd Pgk Kjx

Pxnjxlgek gef Gkkjrevghvs XpjN c [ K G a S b G X 8 0 0


2/96

G PFN ~x{e vd{ xpxv { g~ggh gv %pgkkxp{%~*fk{% [ef fhgkm v vd Pgk Kxp{ gv vd lge gffx{{! x gv %pgkkxp{%~*kevg

Vd Pgk Kxp

Pxxlgek gef Gkkevghvs Xp

N c [ K G a S b G X 8 0 0

Pg F% K~xf Pgk Kxp{ Dgfwgxvx{ q vd [vxv E_ q _g{deve! FK 2


3/96

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ lc{{cje c{ vj pxjljvb wjxaf pbgkb gef nxcbef{dcp% _dcab lrkd dg{

kdgeobf ce vdb wjxaf {cekb vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ njrefceo ce 73>7! cv{ lc{{cje dg{ ejv%

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ ojga{ gxb g{ xbab~gev vjfgs g{ vdbs wbxb 6> sbgx{ goj%


4/96

Kjevev{

L{{go xjl v Fcxkvjx

Lgegolev{ Fc{kr{{cje gef Gegas{c{

Lc{{cje gef Jxogecygvcjega [vxrkvrx

Ms Pxjxlgek Lg{rx{

Gegas{c{ j Ncegekcga [vgvlev{

Gegas{c{ j [s{vl{! Kjevxja{ gef Aoga Kjlpacgek

Lgeglev G{{xgek{

Kjx C{{r{

Gkvcje{ vj Gffx{{ Goeks, Cfevcnf Pxcjx Sgx Kgaaeo{

Goeks,Cfevcnf Nrvrx Kgaaeo{

Px{cfev{ Lgegolev Goefg [rllgxs

Pxjxlgek [kvcje

Geerga Pxjxlgek Xpjxv

Ncegekcga [kvcje

L{{go xjl v Kc Ncegekcga Jnkx

Ncegekcga [vgvlev{

Ejv{ vj v Ncegekcga [vgvlev{

Ce{pkvjx Oexga{ Grfcv Vxge{lcvvga Avvx

Grfcvjx{ Xpjxv

Jvx Gkkjlpgesceo Cejxlgvcje

V Ce{pkvjx Oexga{ [vgvlev je v Pgk Kjxp{Lgegolev gef Pxjxlgek Kgaaeo{

Goeks X{pje{ vj v Ce{pkvjx Oexga{ [vgvlevje v Pgk Kjxp{ Lgegolev gef Pxjxlgek Kgaaeo{

[rllgxs j Ncegekcga [vgvlev Grfcv gefLgegolev G{{rxgek{ Vga{

Gppefck{

Gppefct Grfcv Njaaj,Rp Gkvcje{

Gppefct Oaj{{gxs j Gkxjesl{


5/96

Vdc{ pgob g{ cevbevcjegaas abv hagem%


6/96

Je hbdga j gaa Glbxckge{ {bx~ceo ce vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ gxjref vdb jxaf! C gl pabg{bf vj pxb{bev vdb Pbgkb

Kjxp{ Pbxjxlgekb gef Gkkjrevghcacvs Xbpjxv jx {kga sbgx $NS# 800?% Vdc{ xbpjxv pxj~cfb{ ge gkkjrevj vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ egekcga gef pbxjxlgekb xb{rav{! beghaceo vdb Pxb{cfbev! Kjeoxb{{! gef vdb Glbxckge

pbjpab vj g{{b{{ vdb gobeks{ jpbxgvcje{ frxceo vdb pg{v sbgx%

[cekb 73>7! vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ dg{ pgxvebxbf cvd 7;3 kjrevxcb{! gef ljxb vdge 730!000 Glbxckge{ dg~b {bx~bf

gxjref vdb jxaf kgxxsceo jrv vdb gobeks{ lc{{cje j pxjljvceo jxaf pbgkb gef xcbef{dcp% Vdb gobeks vxgk,

b{ cv{ xjjv{ gef lc{{cje vj vdb bgxas 73>0{! dbe vdbe,[begvjx Ijde N% Mbeebfs ce{pcxbf Glbxckge{ vj {bx~b

vdbcx kjrevxs ce vdb kgr{b j pbgkb hs ac~ceo gef jxmceo ce fb~bajpceo kjrevxcb{%

^jarevbbx{ {dgxb vdbcx vclb gef vgabev{ hs {bx~ceo g{ vbgkdbx{! hr{ceb{{ gf~c{jx{! sjrvd kjre{bajx{! goxckravrxb

gef be~cxjelbevga {pbkcgac{v{! gef dbgavd gef DC^*GCF[ bfrkgvjx{! kgxxsceo jrv vdb gobeks{ vdxbb ojga{9

7# vj dbap vdb pbjpab j cevbxb{vbf kjrevxcb{ ce lbbvceo vdbcx ebbf jx vxgcebf lbe gef jlbe=

8# vj dbap pxjljvb g hbvvbx refbx{vgefceo j Glbxckge{ je vdb pgxv j vdb pbjpab{ {bx~bf= gef

;# vj dbap pxjljvb g hbvvbx refbx{vgefceo j jvdbx pbjpab{ je vdb pgxv j Glbxckge{%

Gv vdb bef j NS 800?! 4!0?3 Glbxckge{ bxb {bx~ ceo g { Pbgkb Kjxp{ ^jarevbbx{ gv >4 pj{v{ ce ?6 kjrevxcb{

bekjrxgoceo {r{vgceghab fb~bajplbev gef kxj{{,kravrxga r efbx{vgefceo gv vdb o xg{{xjjv{ ab~ba%7 Vdb erlhbx

j ^jarevbbx{ krxxbevas {bx~ceo c{ vdb dcodb{v ab~ba ce ;? sbgx{% Ce Gpxca 800?! vdb gobeks hxjgfbebf cv{ cevbx,

egvcjega xbgkd cvd vdb dc{vjxck gxxc~ga j 80 ^jarevbbx{ ce g eb kjrevxs bevxs! vdb Mceofjl j Kglhjfcg%

Gffcvcjegaas! vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ c{ pxbpgx ceo jx ^jarevbbx{ vj xbv rxe vj Bvdcjpcg ce Jkvjhbx 800? gef g{{b{{,lbev{ gxb hbceo pbxjxlbf jx bevxs kje{cfbxgvcje ce Cefjeb{cg! Achbxcg! Xgefg! g ef [cbxxg Abjeb%

Vdxbb eb {vxgvbock cecvcgvc~b{ bxb agrekdbf frxceo NS 800?% Vdbs gxb [vxgvbock Xbkxrcvlbev gef Jrvxbgkd

$bedgekceo xbkxrcvlbev gef jrvxbgkd vj vdb 20- gob pjpragvcje! egvcjega jxogecygvcje{! gef xbvrxebf Pbgkb

Kjxp{ ^jarevbbx{#! Lbg{rxceo jrx [rkkb{{ gef Clpgkv! gef Pxjljvceo ^jarevbbxc{l gv Djlb gef Ghxjgf% Vj

hbvvbx lbg{rxb jrx {rkkb{{ g ef clpgkv! b kxbgvbf vdb Jkb j [vxgvbock Cejxlgvcje! Xb{bgxkd! gef Page,

eceo dckd jkr{b{ je pbxjxlgekb pageeceo gef xbpjxvceo! lbg{rxblbev gef b~gargvcje{! gef fgvg lgegob,

lbev rekvcje{ jx vdb gobeks% _b ga{j dg~b ge jeojceo vg{m jxkb fbeceo {vbp{ vj hbvvbx pxjljvb ~jarevbbx,

c{l vdxjrod jrx {vg gef ^jarevbbx{ gv pj{v{%

Gljeo jrx kjevcerceo cecvcgvc~b{! ^jarevbbx {gbvs gef {bkrxcvs xblgce{ vdb gobeks{ dcodb{v pxcjxcv s gef vdbPbgkb Kjxp{ kjevcerb{ vj kjevxchrvb {coeckgevas vj vdb oajhga odv gogce{v DC^*GCF[% Jrx cevbxega lgegob,

lbev g{{b{{lbev{ j pj{v{ bxb kjevcerbf ce NS 800? vj pgxvebx cvd xbocjega gef pj{v {becjx abgfbx{dcp vj

{vxbeovdbe gef clpxj~b pj{v lgegoblbev%

Vdb kxjeceo egekcga gkdcb~blbev j NS 800? g{ gvvgceceo vdb x{v,b~bx rewrgacbf jpcecje xjl vdb bt,

vbxega grfcvjx{ je vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ egekcga {vgvblbev{ jx vdb {kga sbgx befceo [bpvblhbx ;0! 800?% Gaa

7 Vdb je hjgxf kjrev jx gaa Pbgkb Kjxp{ jarevbbx{ gef vxgcebb{! gef Kxc{c{ Kjxp{ jarevbbx{! xjl gaa refceo {jrxkb{ {bx~ceo refbx vdb

Pbgkb Kjxp{ g{ j [bpvblhbx ;0! 800?! c{ 4!0?3% Vdc{ erlhbx cekarfb{ 732 ^jarevbbx{ refbf hs vdb Pxb{cfbev{ Blbxobeks Page jx GCF[

Xbacb gef eceb ^jarevbbx{ refbf hs R[GCF V{reglc ref{% [jlb pj{v{ kj~bx ljxb vdge jeb kjrevxs% Vdb je hjgxf kjrev cekarfb{ pj{v{ ce

dckd vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ c{ gkvc~b jx {r{pbefbf! hrv ejv kaj{bf%

VDB FCXBKVJX JN VDB PBGKB KJXP[

_G[DCEOVJE! F%K%


7/96

btc{vceo lgvbxcga bgmeb{{b{ bxb xb{ja~bf vdc{ sbgx gef vdb egekcga {s{vbl g{ {rkkb{{raas kbxvcbf gef

gkkxbfcvbf% Vdc{ {rkkb{{ kge hb gvvxchrvbf vj jrx kjevcerceo cevbxega kjevxja pxjoxgl kjrpabf cvd cevbe{c~b

lgegoblbev bjxv{ gkxj{{ vdb gobeks gef clpablbevgvcje j egekcga lgegoblbev gef cejxlgvcje vbkdeja,

jos $CV# {s{vbl{ clpxj~blbev{ vdxjrodjrv vdc{ {kga sbgx% Ejvghab gljeo vdb fb~bajpceo {s{vbl{ bjxv{ c{

vdb kxbgvcje j Lgobaage! g oajhga CV ebvjxm vdgv caa {bkrxbas kjeebkv pj{v{ vj vdb dbgfwrgxvbx{ gef xbocjegaxbkxrcvceo jkb{! btpajxgvcje j jeaceb kjaaghjxgvcje vjja{! gef kjevcerceo jxm vj clpxj~b gef bedgekb vdb

^jarevbbx Fbac~bxs [s{vbl%

Jrx NS 800? pbxjxlgekb lbg{rxb{ bxb glhcvcjr{% C gl pabg{bf vj xbpjxv vdgv vdb gobeks btkbbfbf cv{ pbx,

jxlgekb vgxobv{ ce ~b j cv{ bcodv pbxjxlgekb ojga{ gef gppxjtclgvbas ?; pbxkbev j ;; pbxjxlgekb ce,

fckgvjx{% Vdb{b xb{rav{ {dj kjevcerbf clpxj~blbev hs {vg gef ^jarevbbx{ g{ baa g{ clpxj~bf xb{bgxkd

gef lgegoblbev j pbxjxlgekb fgvg% J~bxgaa! vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ dg{ lgfb oxbgv pxjoxb{{ ce fjkrlbevceo gef

{vxbglaceceo cv{ pbxjxlgekb xbpjxvceo pxjkb{{ gef kge pxj~cfb {jacf xb{rav{ je pbxjxlgekb lbg{rxb{%

Vdb gkkjlpgesceo egekcga {vgvblbev{ ce vdc{ Pbxjxlgekb gef Gkkjrevghcacvs Xbpjxv {rhlc{{cje bxb pxb,

pgxbf xjl vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ egekcga {s{vbl gef pxjkb{{b{ r{ceo vdb lj{v xbacghab gef kjlpabvb fgvg g~gca,ghab% Vdb gobeks{ vjvga g{{bv{ bxb &7>> lcaacje g{ j [bpvblhbx ;0! 800?! gef &7?; lcaacje g{ j [bpvblhbx ;0!

800>% Hrfobvgxs xb{jrxkb{ g~gcaghab xjl gaa sbgx{ gef gaa {jrxkb{ jx r{b hs vdb gobeks vjvgabf &;62 lcaacje

ce NS 800? gef &;66 lcaacje ce NS 800>! j dckd gppxjpxcgvbf ref{ vjvgabf &;80 lcaacje gef &;88 lcaacje!

xb{pbkvc~bas%

Clpxj~blbev{ gef xbeblbev{ kge g ags{ hb lgfb ce vdb egekcga lgegoblbev jxaf gef vdj{b gxb xbnbkvbf

ce vdb Lb{{gob xjl vdb Kdcb Ncegekcga Jkbx vdgv gppbgx{ agvbx ce vdc{ xbpjxv%

Vdb gobeks{ egekcga gef pbxjxlgekb fgvg jx vdc{ {kga sbgx gxb xbacghab gef kjlpabvb dckd c{ g vxchrvb vj

vdb dgxf jxm j Pbgkb Kjxp{ blpajsbb{% C gl lj{v pabg{bf cvd vdb cekxbg{b vdc{ sbgx ce vdb erlhbx j fbfc,

kgvbf ^jarevbbx{ pxjrfas {bx~ceo gxjref vdb jxaf gef C ajjm jxgxf vj cekxbg{ceo vdb erlhbx j ^jarevbbx{gob 20 gef ghj~b ce vdb sbgx{ gdbgf% ^jarevbbx{ xbpxb{bev vdb ~bxs hb{v j G lbxckg ce {bx~ceo vdb ebbf{ j jvd,

bx{ gv vdc{ vclb j oxbgv kjenckv vdxjrodjrv vdb jxaf% Jrx ^jarevbbx{ {dgxb vdbcx {mcaa{ gef btpbxcbekb{ dcab

ac~ceo ce fc{vgev kjllrecvcb{ gxjref vdb oajhb gef vdbcx ghcacvs vj wrcbvas j{vbx pbgkb gef xcbef{dcp gxjref

jrx jxaf dg{ eb~bx hbbe ljxb clpjxvgev%

Xje V{kdbvvbx! Fcxbkvjx

Ej~blhbx 72! 800?


8/96

L G E G o b L b E V [ F c [ K r [ [ c j E G E F G E G a S [ c [


9/96

Vdb PbGKb KJXP[ 99 PbXNJXLGEKb GEF GKKJREVGhCACVS XbPJXV 99 NC[KGA SbGX 800?


Lc{{cje gef Jxogecygvcjega [vxrkvrx

0

Lc{{cj [vvlv

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ lc{{cje c{ vj pxjljvb jxaf pbgkb

gef xcbef{dcp% _dcab lrkd dg{ kdgeobf ce vdb

jxaf {cekb vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ jrefceo ce 73>7! cv{

lc{{cje dg{ ejv% Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ vdxbb kjxb ojga{

gxb g{ xbab~gev vjfgs g{ vdbs bxb 6> sbgx{ goj9

7# vj dbap vdb pbjpab j cevbxb{vbf kjrevxcb{ ce

lbbvceo vdbcx ebbf jx vxgcebf lbe gef jlbe=

8# vj dbap pxjljvb g hbvvbx refbx{vgefceo j Glbx,

ckge{ je vdb pgxv j vdb pbjpab{ {bx~bf= gef

;# vj dbap pxjljvb g hbvvbx refbx{vgefceo j jvdbx

pbjpab{ je vdb pgxv j Glbxckge{%

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ kgxxcb{ jrv cv{ lc{{cje gef ojga{

hs g{{c{vceo cevbxb{vbf kjrevxcb{ cvd vdbcx fb~ba,

jplbev ebbf{ dcab pxj~cfceo ge bbkvc~b gef {gv,

c{sceo ^jarevbbx btpbxcbekb jx g fc~bx{b oxjrp j

Glbxckge{ ce g {gb gef {bkrxb be~cxjelbev= gef

hs hrcafceo ge jpbxgvcjega cexg{v xrkvrxb vdgv b,

kcbevas gef bbkvc~bas {rppjxv{ Pbgkb Kjxp{ ^jare,vbbx{ ce vdb 87{v kbevrxs%

[cekb vdb pxjoxgl{ cekbpvcje! ljxb vdge 730!000

Glbxckge{ dg~b {bx~bf g { Pbgkb Kjxp{ ^jarevbbx{!

gef vdb gobeks dg{ pgxvebxbf cvd 7;3 kjrevxcb{

vdxjrodjrv vdb jxaf% Vdb{b ^jarevbbx{ j{vbx pj{,

cvc~b xbagvcje{dcp{ cvd dj{v kjrevxs egvcjega{! fc{,

pba lsvd{ ghjrv Glbxckge{! gef pxjljvb {r{vgce,

ghab fb~bajplbev% Rpje vdbcx xbvrxe! ^jarevbbx{

hxceo lb{{gob{ hgkm vj vdb Glbxckge pbjpab ghjrv

acb j~bx{bg{! vdb pbjpab vdbs dg~b {bx~bf! gef vdbkravrxb{ vdbs dg~b btpbxcbekbf%

Vdb jlbe gef lbe dj {bx~b g{ Pbgkb Kjxp{

^jarevbbx{ xbnbkv vdb xckd fc~bx{cvs j vdb Recvbf

[vgvb{ gef xbpxb{bev {jlb j vdb eb{v kdgxgkvbx,

c{vck{ j vdb Glbxckge pbjpab9 g obebxj{cvs j {pcxcv!

g {vxjeo jxm bvdck! g kjllcvlbev vj {bx~ckb! gefge gppxjgkd vj pxjhabl{ vdgv c{ hjvd jpvclc{vck gef

pxgolgvck% Jrx ^jarevbbx{ gxb gjxfbf ej {pbkcga

pxc~cabob{ gef jvbe ac~b ce xbljvb! c{jagvbf kjl,

lrecvcb{ dbxb vdbs {pbgm ajkga ageorgob{ gef

abgxe vdb kravrxb{ gef kr{vjl{ j vdb pbjpab vdbs

{bx~b% Ce vdc{ pxjkb{{! ^jarevbbx{ {dgxb gef xbpxb,

{bev vdb kravrxb gef ~garb{ j vdb Glbxckge pbjpab

gef! ce fjceo {j! bgxe xb{pbkv gef gflcxgvcje jx

vdb Recvbf [vgvb{ gljeo pbjpab dj lgs dg~b eb~,

bx lbv ge Glbxckge%

Jkb{ vdxjrodjrv vdb gobeks fbac~bx {bx~ckb{ xgeo,

ceo xjl xbkxrcvlbev gef {babkvcje j ^jarevbbx{ vj

pxj~cfceo vxgceceo gef {rppjxv vj ^jarevbbx{ ce vdb

baf vj kgxxsceo jrv b{{bevcga egekcga! cejxlgvcje

vbkdejajos! gef gflcec{vxgvc~b {rppjxv rekvcje{%

Fb~bajplbev cefckgvjx{ {roob{v vdgv egvcje{ gkb

{coeckgev kdgaabeob{ ce goxckravrxb! bfrkgvcje!

hr{ceb{{! cejxlgvcje vbkdejajos! dbgavd gef DC *

GCF[! vdb be~cxjelbev! gef sjrvd fb~bajplbev%

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{! ce pgxvebx{dcp cvd cevbxb{vbfkjrevxcb{! pxj~cfb{ {mcaabf Glbxckge{ dj jxm

vj vxge{bx vdbcx mejabfob ghjrv vdb{b gxbg{ gef

vj hrcaf oxbgvbx refbx{vgefceo hbvbbe kravrxb{%

Vdr{! vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ pxj~cfb{ pxgkvckga g{{c{vgekb

vj fb~bajpceo kjrevxcb{ hs {dgxceo Glbxckg{ lj{v

pxbkcjr{ xb{jrxkbcv{ pbjpab% Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{

kjlhceb{ fb~bajplbev cvd vdb {vxjeo pbjpab,vj,

pbjpab xbagvcje{dcp{ vdgv ^jarevbbx{ jxob cvd

dj{v kjrevxs kjaabgorb{ gef kjllrecvcb{! pxj~cf,

ceo g kxrkcga jrefgvcje jx pbgkb gef xcbef{dcp jx

sbgx{ vj kjlb% Cefbbf! vdb kjxb ~garb{ j v db PbgkbKjxp{ {cekb cv{ b{vghac{dlbev je Lgxkd 7! 73>7! xb,

lgce xbab~gev! ~cvga! gef {vxjeo%

Vdb jxogecygvcje kdgxv j vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ jaaj{9


10/96



Ejv Ce vdbcx rekvcje{ g{ Kdcb Ncegekcga Jkbx gef Kdcb Cejxlgvcje Jkbx! vdb cekrlhbev{ xbpjxv

fcxbkvas vj vdb Fcxbkvjx% Vdb Jkb j Gkwrc{cvcje{ gef Kjevxgkv Lgegoblbev xbpjxv{ vj vdb Kdcb

j [vg cvd g fjvvbf aceb xbpjxv vj vdb Fcxbkvjx%

Pgk Kjxp{ Jxogecygvcje

Btbkrvc~b[bkxbvgxcgv

Jnnckb jn GlbxckgeFc~bx{cvs*BBJ

Jnnckb jn vdbObebxga Kjre{ba

Fcxbkvjx

Fbprvs Fcxbkvjx

J~bx{bg{ Pj{v{

Jnnckb jn[gnbvs gef [bkrxcvs

Jnnckb jn

^jarevbbx Xbkxrcvlbev

gef [babkvcje

Jnnckb jn vdb Kdcbn

Ncegekcga Jnnckbx

Jnnckb jn^jarevbbx [rppjxv

Vdb Kbevbx njxNcbaf G{{c{vgekb .Gppacbf Xb{bgxkd

Jnnckb jn vdb Kdcbn

Cenjxlgvcje Jnnckbx

Kxc{c{ Kjxp{

Fjlb{vck

Pxjoxgl{

J~bx{bg{ Pj{v{

Cevbx,Glbxckg gefvdb Pgkcnck Xbocje

Gnxckg Xbocje

J~bx{bg{ Pj{v{

Brxjpb!Lbfcvbxxgebge! gef

G{cg Xbocje

Jnnckb jnCe{pbkvjx Obebxga

Kdcbn jn [vgnn

Fbprvs Kdcbn jn [vgnn

Jnnckb jn Gkwrc{cvcje{gef KjevxgkvLgegoblbev

Jnnckb jn

Lgegoblbev

Jnnckb jnPxc~gvb [bkvjx

Cecvcgvc~b{

Jnnckb jn [vxgvbock

Cenjxlgvcje! Xb{bgxkd

gef Pageeceo

Jnnckb jn

Kjeoxb{{cjega

Xbagvcje{

Jnnckb jn

GCF[ Xbacbn

Jnnckb jn

Kjllreckgvcje{

Jnnckb jn

Pxb{{ Xbagvcje{Kdcbn Kjlpacgekb

Jnnckbx

Fcxbkvjx jn[pbkcga Cecvcgvc~b{


11/96



0

Ms Pxjxlgek Lg{rx{

Pxjxl Oj{ f X{rv{ [rllx

Vdb gobeks c{ krxxbevas rvcacyceo cv{ 800;,8004 {vxg,

vbock page dckd g{ xb~c{bf jx 800>,8004 vj hbv,

vbx gacoe vdb page cvd vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ vdxbb ojga{

gef cevbxega pxjkb{{b{! cekarfceo eb gef ljfcbf

{vxgvbock jhibkvc~b{ cvd jrvkjlb,jxcbevbf vgxobv{

gef cefckgvjx{% Vdb NS 8004 Kjeoxb{{cjega Hrfobv

Ir{vcnkgvcje $KHI#! dckd c{ {rhlcvvbf vj Kjeoxb{{

bgkd sbgx! cekarfb{ vdb rpfgvbf {vxgvbock page% Vdb

KHI c{ g~gcaghab vj vdb prhack je vdb gobeks{ bh{cvb

%pbgkbkjxp{%oj~% Vdb mbs {vxgvbock ojga{ jrv,

acebf ce vdb gobeks{ xb~c{bf {vxgvbock page jkr{ je9

Fbac~bxceogvxgcebfgeffc~bx{boxjrpjn^jare,

vbbx{ vj cevbxb{vbf kjrevxcb{ vj vxge{bx vgeochab

{mcaa{ gef pxjljvb kxj{{,kravrxga refbx{vgefceo=

Be{rxceo jarevbbx{dg~bgwrgacvsbtpbxcbekbhs

pxj~cfceo xbab~gev dbgavd! {gbvs! gef pxjoxgl,

lgvck {rppjxv=

Cekxbg{ceo vdb btpj{rxb jn Glbxckge{ vj jvd,

bx kravrxb{ hs {dgxceo ^jarevbbx btpbxcbekb{vdxjrod g ~gxcbvs j g~berb{= gef

Lbbvceovdbebbf{jngppackgev{gef^jarevbbx{

cvd bkcbev gef bbkvc~b {rppjxv%

Vdr{! NS 800? c{ vdb {bkjef sbgx jx vdb gobeks

vj xbpjxv jrv je cv{ krxxbev {bv j glhcvcjr{ hrv

gkdcb~ghab pbxjxlgekb ojga{ gef cefckgvjx vgxobv{

jrvacebf ce vdb xb~c{bf {vxgvbock page% Ce NS 800?!

vdb gobeks g{ ghj~b vgxobv jx ~b j cv{ bcodv pbx,

jxlgekb ojga{ gef gppxjtclgvbas ?; pbxkbev j cv{;; pbxjxlgekb cefckgvjx{%

Pxjxl Oj{ f [vvr{

Gv vdb bef j NS 800?! 4!0?3 Glbxckge{ bxb {bx~ceo

ce ?6 kjrevxcb{ vdxjrod >4 pj{v{ g{ Pbgkb Kjxp{ ^ja,

revbbx{! bekjrxgoceo {r{vgceghab fb~bajplbev gef

kxj{{,kravrxga refbx{vgefceo gv vdb oxg{{xjjv{ ab~ba%

Vdb erlhbx j ^jarevbbx{ c{ ejvbjxvds hbkgr{b cv

xbpxb{bev{ g ;?,sbgx dcod jx ^jarevbbx{ {bx~ceo ce

vdb baf frxceo vdb pbxcjf kj~bxbf hs vdb pxb{bev

{vxgvbock page% Vdb gobeks dg{ ga{j hxjgfbebf cv{

cevbxegvcjega xbgkd cvd ^jarevbbx pagkblbev{ ce

vdb Mceofjl j Kglhjfcg gef vdb dc{vjxck xbvrxe j

vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ pxjoxgl vj Bvdcjpcg% Ce gffcvcje! gerlhbx j g{{b{{lbev{ dg~b hbbe kjlpabvbf jx pj,

vbevcga eb kjrevxs bevxcb{ ce NS 8004%

Vdb gobeks g{ {acodvas hbaj vgxobv je vdb erl,

hbx j Pbgkb Kjxp{ gppackg ev{ xbpxb{bevceo fc~bx{b

bvdeckcvcb{ gef pbjpab 20-% _dcab vdb gobeks dg{

{bv glhcvcjr{ ojga{ ce vdb{b kgvbojxcb{! ljxb bjxv{

gxb pageebf vj dbap lbbv vgxobv{% Vdb{b cekarfb pc,

ajv xbkxrcvlbev bjxv{ cekarfceo 20- xbkxrcvlbev

acgc{je{ gv b~bxs xbocjega xbkxrcvlbev jkb% Vdb{b

jkb{ caa ga{j vgxobv {pbkcbf g{{jkcgvcje{ gefogvdbxceo{ vj dbap hjj{v gppackgvcje{ xjl jafbx

Glbxckge{ gef xjl Glbxckge{ j fc~bx{b bvdeckc,

vcb{% Ce NS 800?! vdb gobeks xjaabf jrv g eb 20-

bh{cvb gef vdb Kj~bxfbaa _jxaf _c{b [kdjja{ fcf

g lgijx xbfb{coe j cv{ bh{cvb! dckd {bbl{ vj dg~b

cekxbg{bf _bh vxgk%

Lbfcg jrvxbgkd bjxv{ gxb {vxjeo! gef vdb gobeks

btkbbfbf cv{ ojga{ ce NS 800? jx pxb{{ kj~bxgob j

fc~bx{b ^jarevbbx{ jx ce jrvabv{ kj~bxceo fc~bx{b

grfcbekb{% Acmbc{b ojga{ bxb btkbbfbf jx pagkb,lbev j prhack {bx~ckb geejrekblbev{ $P[G{# ce

lcejxcvs, gef fc~bx{cvs,obgxbf lbfcg%

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ r{b{ ~gxcjr{ {rx~bs ce{vxrlbev{

vj kgpvrxb ^jarevbbx bbfhgkm je mbs cefckgvjx{

j vdb gobeks{ bbkvc~beb{{ ce fbac~bxceo fcbx,

bev {bx~ckb{% G{ vdb gobeks {vxc~b{ vj kjevcerjr{as

clpxj~b! vdb{b {rx~bs xb{rav{ kge hbebv krxxbevas


12/96



{bx~ceo gef rvrxb ^jarevbbx{% Vdb hcbeecga PbgkbKjxp{ ^jarevbbx {rx~bs pxj~cfb{ ge clpjxvgev

{egp{djv j ^jarevbbx {gvc{gkvcje frxceo vdb {glb

pbxcjf j vclb jxafcfb% Vdb kaj{b,j,{bx~ckb {rx,

~bs! dckd c{ oc~be dbe ^jarevbbx{ kjlpabvb vdbcx

{bx~ckb j~bx{bg{! pxj~cfb{ vdb gobeks cvd jeojceo

bbfhgkm xjl vdb baf%

Vdbxb gxb erlbxjr{ {vbp{ ce vdb gppackgvcje pxj,

kb{{ vj hbkjlb g Pbgkb Kjxp{ ^jarevbbx% Vdc{ be,

ghab{ vdb gobeks vj xbkxrcv gef vdjxjrodas {kxbbe

gppackgev{ jx {pbkck {mcaa{ gef lbfckga gef {rcv,ghcacvs c{{rb{ pxcjx vj gppxj~ceo gef ce~cvceo vdbl

vj {bx~b g{ ^jarevbbx{% Vdb gppackgvcje pxjkb{{ dg{

hbbe hxjmbe fje cevj vdb ~gxcjr{ {vgob{ vj gaaj

vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ vj hb{v gegasyb cv{ bkcbekcb{% Vdb

gobeks c{ pabg{bf vj dg~b btkbbfbf cv{ NS 800? ojga

j xb{pje{b vclb vj gppackgev{ gef xblgce{ kjl,

lcvvbf vj {vxbglaceceo vdb pxjkb{{b{ vdgv beghab

Glbxckge{ vj jhvgce cejxlgvcje! gppas! ijce! gef

kjlpabvb {bx~ckb g{ ^jarevbbx{%

Dcod ab~ba{ j xbvrxebf Pbgkb Kjxp{ ^jarevbbx$XPK^# pgxvckcpgvcje frxceo Pbgkb Kjxp{ _bbm

gef vdb jxm j jrx xbocjega xbkxrcvbx{ ce vxgkmceo

XPK^ pgxvckcpgvcje ce gkvc~cvcb{ vdgv kjevxchrvb fc,

xbkvas vj vdc{ ojga dc{vjxckgaas bxb ejv {rkbev vj

fblje{vxgvb gkdcb~blbev j jrx vgxobv ce vdc{ gxbg%

Vdb gobeks clpablbevbf kdgeob{ vj kxbgvb g ljxb

jhibkvc~b gef ~bxcghab lbvdjf j kgakragvceo vdb{b

xb{rav{ lj~ceo jxgxf% XPK^ jrvxbgkd gkvc~cvcb{

dbap kgxxs vdb lb{{gob j refbx{vgefceo j jvdbxkravrxb{ g{ vdbs {dgxb vdbcx {vjxcb{ gef btpbxcbekb{

cvd {kdjja{! kjllrecvs o xjrp{ gef jvdbx pdcage,

vdxjpck jxogecygvcje{ gkxj{{ vdb kjrevxs%

Pxjxl Xpjxvco Pxjfrx{

Ce NS 800?! vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ hrcav je {coeckgev

clpxj~blbev{ vj cv{ pbxjxlgekb xbpjxvceo pxj,

kb{{% Vdxjrodjrv NS 800?! vdb gobeks kjevcerbf

vj ce{vcvrvcjegacyb cv{ cevbxega kjevxja{ gef fjkr,

lbevgvcje j pxjkb{{b{ {rxxjrefceo {vxgvbock pbx,jxlgekb xbpjxvceo% Vdb kxbgvcje j vdb Jkb j

[vxgvbock Cejxlgvcje! Xb{bgxkd! gef Pageeceo

$J[CXP# dg{ dbapbf ce{vcvrvcjegacyb gobeks pbxjx,

lgekb pageeceo gef xbpjxvceo! gaajceo jx oxbgvbx

kjevcercvs gef xbacghcacvs ce xbpjxvceo gef dbapceo

lcvcogvb vdb bbkv j {vg kdgeob{ je kje{c{vbev

pbxjxlgekb xbpjxvceo%

Gffxb{{ceo lcf,sbgx pbxjxlgekb xb{rav{ frx,

ceo NS 800? lcf,sbgx hrfobv xb~cb{ gaajbf vdb

gobeks vj vgmb gejvdbx pj{cvc~b {vbp vjgxf gacoe,ceo pbxjxlgekb cvd hrfobvceo% Vdb cevboxgvbf

lcf,sbgx xb~cb gaaj{ jx vdb xbgaajkgvcje j ref,

ceo gef drlge xb{jrxkb{ vj kjxxbkv g kjrx{b j gk,

vcje c vdbxb gxb kdgaabeob{ ce lbbvceo pbxjxlgekb

ojga{! jx vj ~gacfgvb pj{cvc~b gkvcje{ vgmbe vj lbbv

pbxjxlgekb vgxobv{%

Pxjxl Oj{ Rfx J J~x

%% Elhx êvx{ {x~e

%% Vxge{x {m{ gef mef

%% Xpx{ev Glxkge f~x{vs

%% êvx dgvdkgx)

%% êvx {gvs)

%% cevxgkve{ vd Glxkge{ v hf kx{{,kvxg efx{vgefe

%% Xfk x{pe{ vl v gppkgev{

%% Kgp êvx x{egve xgv

Vvg Pnlge Og{ ; 2

PbXJXLgekb OJga[ [RLLgXs

Ejv ) Vdb gobeks fjb{ ejv dg~b jkcga NS 800? vgxobv{ gef xb{rav{ jx kbxvgce pbxjxlgek b ojga{ gef cefckgvjx { hbkgr{b vdb hcbeecga jarevbbx {rx~bs c{ ejv

gflcec{vbxbf vdc{ sbgx% Xgvdbx vdge cefckgvceo E*G jx hjvd vdb ojga{ gef xb{rav{! vdb gobeks dg{ cevbxpjagvbf ojga{ gef rvcacybf kaj{b,j,{bx~ckb {rx~bs

xb{rav{ ce jxfbx vj pxj~cfb gavbxegvb cejxlgvcje j gobeks pbxjxlgekb ce vdb{b gxbg{%


13/96



Vj kjevcerb blpdg{cyceo vxge{pgxbeks gef pbxjx,

lgekb! vdb gobeks c{ r{ceo xb{rav{ xjl vdb kaj{b,j,

{bx~ckb {rx~bs ce NS 800? vj pxj~cfb gavbxegvb fgvg

jx cefckgvjx{ vdgv r{bf vdb hcbeecga {rx~bs cejx,lgvcje ce NS 800>% Vdc{ c{ frb vj vdb r eg~gcaghcacvs

j hcbeecga {rx ~bs fgvg ce NS 800?% Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{

page{ vj kjevcerb vdc{ pxgkvckb ce rvrxb sbgx{ dbe

vdb hcbeecga {rx~bs c{ ejv kjefrkvbf%

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ NS 800? pbxjxlgekb xb{rav{ gxb

hg{bf je xbacghab! gkvrga fgvg vdgv gxb kjlpabvb g{

j vdb pxjfrkvcje j vdb xb{rav{ gv vdb kaj{b j vdb

{kga sbgx% _dcab vdb fgvg gxb agxobas g kjlpabvbgef gkkrxgvb ~cb j vdb raa {kga sbgx xb{rav{! vdbs

gxb aclcvbf hs ce{vgekb{ j rejxb{bbe kdgaabeob{

cvd vbkdejajos gef fgvg vdgv nj ce hbsjef vdb

xbpjxvceo fgvb{% J~bxgaa! vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ dg{ lgfb

oxbgv pxjoxb{{ ce ce{vcvrvcjegacyceo cv{ pbxjxlgekb

xbpjxvceo pxjkbfrxb{ gef c{ baa,pj{cvcjebf vj pxj,

~cfb {jacf xb{rav{ je cv{ pbxjxlgekb lbg{rxb{%

Be~cxjelbev jarevbbx! Kglhjfcg


14/96



0

Gegas{c{ j Ncegekcga [vgvlev{

J~x~cw

Vdb kbxvckgvcje gef gkkxbfcvgvcje j vdb egekcga{s{vbl frxceo {kga sbgx 800? g{ g ageflgxm

gkdcb~blbev jx vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{% Vdc{ {kga sbgx!

gaa xbwrcxbf bfbxga egekcga {vgvblbev{ bxb obe,

bxgvbf fcxbkvas xjl vdb egekcga {s{vbl jx vdb

x{v vclb% Gejvdbx lgijx gkkjlpac{dlbevogceceo

hbvvbx kjevxja j vdb pxjpbxvs! pagev! gef bwrcplbev

$PP.B# kgpcvga g{{bv{g{ gkdcb~bf hs clpab,

lbevceo ge Jxgkab tbf g{{bv ljfrab vj {vxbglaceb

PP.B vxgkmceo gef fbpxbkcgvcje gef cecvcgvcje j g

{blcgeerga PP.B g{{bv ~bxckgvcje pxjkb{{ cvd

bgkd pj{v%

g{c{ j vd P kjxp{

cc [vvlv{

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ egekcga {vgvblbev{ bxb pxb,

pgxbf xjl cv{ egekcga {s{vbl gef pxjkb{{b{ r{ceo

vdb lj{v xbacghab gef kjlpabvb fgvg g~gcaghab% Vdb

egekcga {s{vbl g{ kbxvcbf gef gkkxbfcvbf frx,

ceo vdc{ {kga sbgx gef kjejxl{ raas vj oj~bxe,

lbev,cfb {vgefgxf{% Frxceo NS 800?! obebxgvcje

j vdb egekcga {vgvblbev{ g{ bedgekbf hs clpab,lbevceo jxlgacybf gef kjlpxbdbe{c~b xbkjekcac,

gvcje gef wrgacvs kjevxja pxjkb{{b{ gef hs rxvdbx

fjkrlbevceo gef prhac{dceo vdb hg{c{ jx bgkd ref

kag{{ckgvcje gef cv{ vxbgvlbev ce vdb egekcga

{vgvblbev{%

Vdb gobeks dgf vjvga g{{bv{ j &7>> lcaacje g{ j

[bpvblhbx ;0! 800?! gef &7?; lcaacje g{ j [bpvbl,

hbx ;0! 800>% G { lbevcjebf ghj~b! g lgijx gkkjl,

pac{dlbevogceceo hbvvbx kjevxja j PP.B kgpcvga

g{{bv{g{ gkdcb~bf hs clpablbevceo ge Jxgkabtbf g{{bv ljfrab vj {vxbglaceb PP.B vxgkmceo

gef fbpxbkcgvcje gef cecvcgvcje j g {blc,geerga

PP.B g{{bv ~bxckgvcje pxjkb{{ cvd bgkd pj{v%

Jpbxgvcjega clpxj~blbev{ dg~b xb{ravbf ce g {coec,

ckgev xbfrkvcje ce vdb jrv{vgefceo gkkjrev{ xbkbc~,

ghab gef gkkjrev{ pgsghab cvd vdb prhack ce vdb NS800? kaj{ceo hgagekb{ g{ kjlpgxbf vj vdb NS 800>

hgagekb{% Clpxj~blbev{ ce {s{vbl gef gkkjrevceo

pxjkbfrxb{ xb{ravbf ce ljxb gkkrxgvb xbpjxvceo

j pxbpgslbev{ gef gkkxrga{% Vdb {rh{vgevcga ce,

kxbg{b ce ebv jrvags{ xjl NS 800> vj NS 800? c{ g

xb{rav j 7# jpbxgvcjega bkcbekcb{ ce gkkjrev{ pgs,

ghab! 8# btpbe{ceo ljxb vdge &2 lcaacje vj pgxvcgaas

ref vdb dj{v kjrevxs xb{cfbev{ kjevxgkvjx{ {bpgxg,

vcje acghcacvs ref b{vghac{dbf frxceo NS 800? gef

;# cekxbg{b{ ce vdb erlhbx j ^jarevbbx{ gef vdb

g{{jkcgvbf cexg{vx rkvrxb gef {rppjxv kj{v{%

Hrfobvgxs xb{jrxkb{ g~gcaghab jx r{b hs vdb gobeks

vjvgabf &;62 lcaacje ce NS 800? gef &;66 lcaacje

ce NS 800>! j dckd gppxjpxcgvbf ref{ vjvgabf

&;80 lcaacje gef &;88 lcaacje! xb{pbkvc~bas%

Clpxjpx Plv{ Cjxlvcj gv $CPCg#

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ c{ ejv cfbevcbf ce Gppbefct K!

JLH Kcxkragx G,78; $jxlbxas [bkvcje 2?! Pxj,

oxgl{ jx dckd Bxxjebjr{ Pgslbev{ Cejxlgvcje c{Xbwrb{vbf! ce JLH Kcxkragx G,77#% Gogce vdc{ {kga

sbgx! ej clpxjpbx pgslbev{ bxb cfbevcbf cevbx,

egaas jx hs cefbpbefbev grfcvjx{ vdgv jraf xbgkd

vdb fbebf Clpxjpbx Pgslbev{ Cejxlgvcje Gkv

$CPCG# vdxb{djaf j 8%2 pbxkbev gef &70 lcaacje%

G xc{m g{{b{{lbev! vdjrod! g{ pbxjxlbf ce vdb

oajhga gkkjrev{ pgsghab gxbg vdc{ sbgx ce xbkjoec,

vcje j vdb cedbxbev xc{m g{{jkcgvbf cvd clpxjpbx

pgslbev{% Gffcvcjegaas! cevbxega kjevxja {glpab

vb{vceo kjefrkvbf frxceo vdc{ {kga sbgx je dcod

fjaagx pgslbev{ fcf ejv xb~bga ges {coeckgev cl,pxjpbx pgslbev{ jx vdb gobeks%


15/96



aclcvvcj{ j vd Pxccp

cc [vvlv{

Vdb pxcekcpga egekcga {vgvblbev{ dg~b hbbe pxb,pgxbf vj xbpjxv vdb egekcga pj{cvcje gef xb{rav{

j jpbxgvcje{ j vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{! prx{rgev vj vdb

xbwrcxblbev{ j ;7 R%[%K% ;272 $h#% _dcab vdb {vgvb,

lbev{ dg~b hbbe pxbpgxbf xjl vdb hjjm{ gef xb,

kjxf{ j vdb bevcvs ce gkkjxfgekb cvd obebxgaas

gkkbpvghab gkkjrevceo pxcekcpab{ jx Nbfbxga bevc,

vcb{ gef vdb jxlgv{ pxb{kxchbf hs JLH! vdb {vgvb,

lbev{ gxb ce gffcvcje vj vdb egekcga xbpjxv{ r{bf

vj ljecvjx gef kjevxja hrfobvgxs xb{jrxkb{ dckdgxb pxbpgxbf xjl vdb {glb hjjm{ gef xbkjxf{%

Vdb {vgvblbev{ {djraf hb xbgf cvd vdb xbgacygvcje

vdgv vdbs gxb jx g kjlpjebev j vdb R%[% Oj~bxe,

lbev! g {j~bxbcoe bevcvs%

Hr{ceb{{ jarevbbx! Rmxgceb


16/96



0

Gegas{c{ j [s{vl{! Kjevxja{! gef Aoga Kjlpacgek

Lolv g{{rx{

Nbfbxga Lgegobx{ Ncegekcga Cevboxcvs GkvVdb Nbfbxga Lgegobx{ Ncegekcga Cevboxcvs Gkv

$NLNCG# xbwrcxb{ gobekcb{ vj b{vghac{d gkkjrevceo

gef gflcec{vxgvc~b kjevxja{ vj cekarfb pxjoxgl!

jpbxgvcjega! gef gflcec{vxgvc~b gxbg{ g{ baa g{ gk,

kjrevceo gef egekcga lgegoblbev% Vdb NLNCG

b{vghac{db{ j~bxgaa xbwrcxblbev{ jx cevbxega kje,

vxja gef xbwrcxb{ vdgv vdb gobeks dbgf b~gargvb gef

xbpjxv geergaas je vdb kjevxja gef egekcga {s{,

vbl{ vdgv pxjvbkv vdb cevboxcvs j Nbfbxga pxjoxgl{

$[bkvcje 8 gef [bkvcje 6 j NLNCG xb{pbkvc~bas#%

Cevbxega Kjevxja J~bx Pbgkb Kjxp{ Jpbxgvcje{

J~bx{codv j vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ cevbxega kjevxja pxj,

oxgl c{ kjefrkvbf hs vjp gobeks lgegoblbev

rekvcjeceo g{ vdb {becjx g{{b{{lbev vbgl vdgv g{

b{vghac{dbf frxceo NS 800> gef abf hs vdb Kdcb

Ncegekcga Jkbx% Jkb{ vdxjrodjrv vdb gobeks

kjefrkvbf xc{m g{{b{{lbev{ jx vdbcx hr{ceb{{ gxbg{

frxceo NS 800? gef cfbevcbf ej xbpjxvghab lgvb,

xcga bgmeb{{b{% Gffcvcjegaas! Pbgkb Kjxp{ lgego,

bx{ pxbpgxbf geerga g{{rxgekb {vgvblbev{ gvvb{vceo

vj vdb gfbwrgks j cevbxega kjevxja{! cfbevcsceo ejxbpjxvghab lgvbxcga bgmeb{{b{ ce ges gxbg% G{{rx,

gekb{ bxb hg{bf je vdb lgegobx{ pbx{jega meja,

bfob j fgs,vj,fgs jpbxgvcje{! btc{vceo kjevxja{!

gef jvdbx xbagvbf xb~cb{ gef b~gargvcje{% Cevbxega

kjevxja vb{vceo g{ kjefrkvbf frxceo vdc{ {kga sbgx

vj {vxbeovdbe vdb xbacghcacvs j pbx{jega {bx~ckb kje,

vxgkv pgslbev pxjkb{{ceo jx vdb j~bx{bg{ kjevxgk,

vjx{ gef vj rxvdbx {rh{vgevcgvb vdb egekcga {vgvb,

lbev hgagekb{% Frxceo NS 8004! cevbxega kjevxja

vb{vceo caa hb btpgefbf%

[rllgxs

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ c{ pxjrf vj dg~b gkdcb~bf ge re,

wrgacbf {vgvblbev j g{{rxgekb jx NS 800? gef

vdgv vdb cevbxega kjevxja{ gef egekcga lgegoblbev

{s{vbl{ lbbv NLNCG jhibkvc~b{% Nrvrxb gobeks b,

jxv{ caa xblgce jkr{bf vj {rppjxv vdc{ rewrgac,

bf {vgvblbev j g{{rxgekb gef ge rewrgacbf grfcv

jpcecje je vdb gobeks{ egekcga {vgvblbev{% Kdgeo,

b{ lgfb cvdce vdb gobeks j~bx vdb ag{v b sbgx{ vdgv

pxjfrkbf {jref egekcga pxjkb{{b{! g kbxvcbf gef

gkkxbfcvbf egekcga {s{vbl! gef {vxjeo jpbxgvcjegalgegoblbev dg~b {rppacbf vdb pcaagx{ jx g {jacf ,

egekcga lgegoblbev jrefgvcje%

NS 800? Geerga NLNCG G{{rxgekb [vgvblbev

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ g{{b{{bf vdb bbkvc~beb{{ j vdb

cevbxega kjevxja{ vj {rppjxv bbkvc~b gef bkcbev

jpbxgvcje{! xbacghab egekcga xbpjxvceo! gef kjlpac,

gekb cvd gppackghab ag{ gef xboragvcje{ ce gkkjx,

fgekb cvd vdb Nbfbxga Lgegobx{ Ncegekcga Cevboxc,

vs Gkv $NLNCG# [bkvcje 8 gef JLH Kcxkragx G,78;!

Lgegoblbev{ Xb{pje{chcacvs jx Cevbxega Kjevxja%Hg{bf je vdc{ g{{b{{lbev! vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ kge pxj,

~cfb xbg{jeghab g{{rxgekb jx NS 800? vdgv cv{ cevbx,

ega kjevxja j~bx vdb bbkvc~beb{{ gef bkcbeks j

jpbxgvcje{! egekcga xbpjxvceo! gef kjlpacgekb cvd

gppackghab ag{ gef xboragvcje{ g{ jpbxgvceo bbk,

vc~bas gef ej lgvbxcga bgmeb{{b{ bxb jref ce vdb

fb{coe jx jpbxgvcje j vdb cevbxega kjevxja{%

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ kjefrkvbf cv{ g{{b{{lbev j dbvd,

bx vdb egekcga lgegoblbev {s{vbl{ kjejxl vj

oj~bxelbev,cfb egekcga {s{vbl{ xbwrcxblbev{ cegkkjxfgekb cvd NLNCG [bkvcje 6 gef JLH Kcxkr,

agx G,78;% Hg{bf je vdc{ g{{b{{lbev! vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{

kge pxj~cfb xbg{jeghab g{{rxgekb vdgv cv{ egekcga

lgegoblbev {s{vbl{ gxb ce kjlpacgekb cvd vdb gp,

packghab pxj~c{cje{ j vdb NLNCG jx NS 800?%

Xje V{kdbvvbx! Fcxbkvjx

Ej~blhbx 72! 800?

Objxob G% [kdrvvbx CCC! KPG! KPKL

Kdcb Ncegekcga Jkbx

Ej~blhbx 72! 800?


17/96



0

Kjx C{{r{

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ pxj~cfb{ pxgkvckga g{{c{vgekb vj

fb~bajpceo kjrevxcb{ hs {dgxceo Glbxckg{ lj{vpxbkcjr{ xb{jrxkbcv{ pbjpab% Vdb kaj{b cevbxgkvcje

hbvbbe Pbgkb Kjxp{ ^jarevbbx{ gef ajkga kjl,

lrecvcb{ dg{ gaajbf vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ vj b{vghac{d

g xbkjxf j {bx~ckb vdgv c{ gflcxbf gef xbkjoecybf

gxjref vdb jxaf%

Gv vdb bef j NS 800?! 4!0?3 Glbxckge{ bxb

{bx~ceo g{ Pbgkb Kjxp{ ^jarevbbx{ gv >4 pj{v{ ce

?6 kjrevxcb{ $pj{v{ ce vdb Bg{vbxe Kgxchhbge gef

Lckxjeb{cg pxj~cfb {rppjxv vj bcodv c{agef eg,

vcje{# gef j{vbxceo {r{vgceghab fb~bajplbev gefkxj{{,kravrxga refbx{vgefceo gv vdb oxg{{xjjv{

ab~ba% Krxxbevas! ghjrv 80 pbxkbev j vdb ^jare,

vbbx{ gxb {bx~ceo ce egvcje{ cvd pxbfjlcegevas

Lr{acl pjpragvcje{% ^jarevbbx{ jxm ce vdb gxbg{

j goxckravrxb! hr{ceb{{! bfrkgvcje! vdb be~cxje,

lbev! dbgavd gef DC^*GCF[! gef sjrvd fb~bajp,

lbev! cekjxpjxgvceo kxj{{,krvvceo vdblb{ {rkd g{

cejxlgvcje gef kjllreckgvcje{ vbkdejajos cevj

vdbcx jxm% Ce gffcvcje vj vxge{bxxceo {mcaa{ vj dj{v

kjrevxs egvcjega{ gef pxjljvceo kxj{{,kravrxga re,

fbx{vgefceo hbvbbe Glbxckge{ gef jvdbx pbjpab{!vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ {bx~ckb ga{j pxj~cfb{ vdb Glbxckge

jxmjxkb cvd j~bx{bg{ btpbxcbekb% Ce gkv! ce [bp,

vblhbx 800?! vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ g{ gogce xbkjoecybf

hsHr{ceb{{ _bbm g{ jeb j vdb vjp 20 hb{v pagkb{ vj

agrekd g kgxbbx% Xbvrxebf Pbgkb Kjxp{ ^jarevbbx{

ga{j kjevxchrvb vj Glbxckg{ abogks j {bx~ckb hs

jbxceo vdbcx vclb gef {mcaa{ vj kjllrecvs ~jare,

vbbx pxjoxgl{ jx jxogecygvcje{ gxjref vdb kjrevxs

gef vdxjrod Pbgkb Kjxp{ pxjoxgl{ {rkd g{ Kxc{c{

Kjxp{! Nbaaj{*R[G! gef Pbgkb Kjxp{ _bbm%

Ce NS 800?! vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ blhgxmbf je vdxbb

{vxgvbock cecvcgvc~b{9 Xbkxrcvlbev gef Jrvxbgkd=

Lbg{rxceo [rkkb{{ gef Clpgkv= gef ^jarevbbxc{l

gv Djlb gef Ghxjgf%

Xxrcvlv f Jrvxd

Vdb 20- pjpragvcje xbpxb{bev{ g vxblbefjr{ jp,

pjxvrecvs jx vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{% Cefc~cfrga{ ce vdc{

pjpragvcje gaxbgfs ~jarevbbx gv dcod xgvb{ gef dg~b

g fb{cxb vj {dgxb vdbcx btpbxvc{b gef {mcaa{% Vdb

Pbgkb Kjxp{ dg{ g {vxjeo xbagvcje{dcp cvd GGXP!

dckd c{ dbapceo vdb gobeks xbkxrcv jafbx Glbxc,

kge{% Gffcvcjegaas! vdb gobeks dg{ cfbevcbf pcajv

pj{v{ ce bgkd j vdb vdxbb xbocje{ vj xb~cb vdb

ebbf{ j pjvbevcga 20- ^jarevbbx{ gef lgmb xbk,

jllbefgvcje{%

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ lr{v kjevcerb vj hb {vxgvbock

gef kxbgvc~b ce cekxbg{ceo xbkxrcvlbev bjxv{ gv

{lgaa kjaabob{ gef rec~bx{cvcb{% Xbagvcje{dcp{ cvd

oxjrp{ acmb vdb Dc{vjxckgaas Hagkm Kjaabob{ gef Rec,

~bx{cvcb{ $DHKR#! gef vdb Glbxckg e G{{jkcgvcje j

Kjllrecvs Kjaabob{ gxb dbapceo cvd vdb{b bjxv{!

abgfceo vj cecvcgvc~b{ {rkd g{ vdb Hgkkgagrxbgvb gef

Pbgkb Kjxp{ Pxbp pxjoxgl{%

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ caa ga{j jxm vj be{rxb vdgv cv{ xb,

vrxebf Pbgkb Kjxp{ ^jarevbbx $XPK^# kjllrecvsc{ beogobf gef xbgfs vj g{{c{v vdb gobeks ce ^jare,

vbbx xbkxrcvlbev g{ gkvc~b garlec% Vdb gobeks c{

prx{rceo jppjxvrecvcb{ jx cekxbg{bf ce~ja~blbev!

{rkd g{ vdb lbevjxceo pxjoxgl hbvbbe XPK^{

gef xbkbevas xbvrxeceo ^jarevbbx{%

Vj cekxbg{b prhack ggxbeb{{ jx vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{!

vgxobvbf bh{cvb{ bxb kxbgvbf {rkd g{ vdb Vbbe{

bh{cvb gef vdb 20- bh{cvb! jx {coeckgevas xbfb,

{coebf! {rkd g{ vdb Kj~bxfbaa _jxaf _c{b [kdjja{

bh{cvb%

L{rxco Jrx [r{{ f Clpv

_dcab b bba vdgv vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ hxceo{ oxbgv ~ga,

rb vj vdb jxaf! vdb gobeks ebbf{ vj hbvvbx lbg{rxb

cv{ {rkkb{{ gef clpgkv vj hbvvbx fjkrlbev xb{rav{

gef hbvvbx gxvckragvb cv{ {rkkb{{ gef clpgkv cevbx,

egaas gef vj jvdbx{%


18/96



Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ vjjm kjekxbvb {vbp{ ce NS 800? vj

pj{cvcje cv{ba jx bedgekbf pbxjxlgekb lbg{rxb,

lbev ce vdb rvrxb% Vdb gobeks kxbgvbf vdb Jkb

j [vxgvbock Cejxlgvcje! Xb{bgxkd! gef Pageeceovj jkr{ gef cevboxgvb vdb bjxv{ j vdb gobeks vj

clpxj~b vdb b~gargvcje gef lbg{rxblbev j pbx,

jxlgekb! jrvkjlb{ gef clpgkv= vdb lgegoblbev

j fgvg gef cejxlgvcje! gef pbxjxlgekb pageeceo

gef xbpjxvceo cvdce vdb gobeks%

^jrvxc{l v Djl f ghxjf

_b hbacb~b vdgv vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ xbpxb{bev{ vdb

ojaf {vgefgxf jx ~jarevbbxc{l! gef b kge g{{c{v

jrx pgxvebx{ gxjref vdb jxaf ce pxjljvceo ~ja,revbbxc{l gljeo vdbcx je pbjpab% Jrx ^jare,

vbbx{ xbgkdbf ljxb vdge 7%6 lcaacje sjreo pbjpab

ce 800>! gef lges pj{v{ gxb gaxbgfs jxmceo cvd

sjrvd ce,{bx~ ckb abgxeceo pxjibkv{! vbgkdceo vdbl

vdb ~garb j oc~ceo hgkm vj vdbcx je kjllrecvcb{%

_b {rx ~bsbf jrx pj{v{ vj {bb dj jrx ^jarevbbx{

pxjljvb ~jarevbbxc{l ce vdbcx dj{v kjllrecvcb{

gef kxbgvbf g vg{m jxkb vj ajjm gv vdb gs vdgv vdb

Pbgkb Kjxp{ kge bekjrxgob vdb {pcxcv j ~jarevbbx,

c{l ce jrx kjrevxcb{ j {bx~ckb gef dbxb gv djlb%

Vdb gobeks caa hb pagkceo gffcvcjega blpdg{c{ cevdc{ gxbg g{ b clpablbev jrx jxafcfb jxogecyg,

vcjega page{ jx NS 8004 gkvc~cvcb{%

Jvdbx je,ojceo {coeckgev kjxb gkvc~cvcb{ cekarfb9

^jarevbbx [gbvs gef [bkrxcvs

^jarevbbx {gbvs gef {bkrx cvs xblgce{ vdb gobeks{

dcodb{v pxcjxcvs% Ce bgxas NS 800?! vdb Jkb j

[gbvs gef [bkrxcvs fbvbxlcebf vdgv g pxjoxgl g{,

{b{{lbev jraf hb r{bra vj be{rxb vdgv vdb jkb

g{ gppxjpxcgvbas {vgbf gef raaaceo cv{ pxjoxgl,lgvck xb{pje{chcacvcb{% Vdc{ pxjoxgl g{{b{{lbev

cekarfbf cevbx~cb{ gef g {rx~bs j vdb pxclgxs

{vgmbdjafbx{ j vdb {gbvs gef {bkrxcvs pxjoxgl%

Vdb jaajceo bedgekblbev{ bxb cfbevcbf jx

clpablbevgvcje ce NS 80049

Kjevcerb vj bedgekb vdb xjab{ j mbs {gbvs gef {b,krxcvs j~bx{bg{ {vg ce {rppjxvceo vdb {gbvs gef {b,

krxcvs j ^jarevbbx{= kjevcerb vj blpdg{cyb vdb cl,

pjxvgekb j {cvb {babkvcje gef ^jarevbbx {gbvs gef

{bkrxcvs vxgceceo= {pbgxdbgf clpxj~blbev{ vj vdb

btc{vceo pxjkb{{ jx ljecvjxceo kxcvckga {gbvs gef

{bkrxcvs xbkjllbefgvcje{= gef kjevcerb vdb gobe,

ks jkr{ je refbx,xbpjxvceo j kxclb{ kjllcvvbf

gogce{v ^jarevbbx{ gef btpajxb kxbgvc~b {jarvcje{

jx bekjrxgoceo gffcvcjega cekcfbev xbpjxvceo%

DC^*GCF[ Cecvcgvc~bVdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ kjevcerb{ vj kjevxchrvb {coec,

kgevas vj vdb oajhga odv gogce{v DC^*GCF[% Pbgkb

Kjxp{ ^jarevbbx{! hs ac~ceo gef jxmceo gv vdb

oxg{{xjjv{ ab~ba ce kjllrecvcb{ gef {pbgmceo vdb

ajkga ageorgob! gxb recwrbas {rcvbf vj xbgkd pjpr,

agvcje{ lj{v ce ebbf j DC^*GCF[ pxb~bevcje gef

kgxb {bx~ckb{% Vdb Jkb j GCF[ Xbacb kjevcerb{ vj

pxj~cfb gobeks,ab~ba pjacks orcfgekb= j~bxgaa abgf,

bx{dcp= gef obebxga {rpbx~c{cje! fcxbkvcje! gef kj,

jxfcegvcje j Pbgkb Kjxp{ DC^*GCF[ gkvc~cvcb{! ce,

karfceo vdb gobeks { pgxvckcpgvcje ce vdb Pxb{cfbev{Blbxobeks Page jx GCF[ Xbacb $PBPNGX#% Vdb

Pbgkb Kjxp{ kjevcerb{ vj hb g ~garghab pgxvckcpgev

ce vdb PBPNGX pxjoxgl cvd 732 PBPNGX,refbf

^jarevbbx{ {bx~ceo ce 70 j PBPNGX{ 72 jkr{ kjre,

vxcb{%8 Ce gffcvcje vj pj{v{ ce vdb jkr{ kjrevxcb{! 78

jvdbx Pbgkb Kjxp{ pj{v{ clpablbevbf PBPNGX,

refbf gkvc~cvcb{ ce NS 800?%;

G{ g xb{rav j vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ cekxbg{bf ce~ja~b,

lbev ce DC^*GCF[ bjxv{ oajhgaas! vdb gobeks c{

b~gargvceo dj c{{rb{ gxjref fbgvd! fsceo! oxcb!gef aj{{ frb vj DC^*GCF[ gxb gbkvceo ^jarevbbx{

bljvcjega dbgavd vj be{rxb vdb gobeks c{ pxj~cfceo

gfbwrgvb {rppjxv vj ^jarevbbx{% Vdb xb{rav{ j vdc{

8 PBPNGX dg{ cfbevcbf 72 jkr{ kjrevxcb{% Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ dg{ pj{v{ ce vbe j vdb{b jkr{ kjrevxcb{Hjv{geg! Bvdcjpcg! Orsgeg! Mbesg! Ljyglhcwrb!Eglchcg! [jrvd Gxckg! Vgeygecg! Rogefg! gef Yglhcg% Vdb jvdbx jkr{ kjrevxcb{ gxb Dgcvc! C~jxs Kjg{v! Ecobxcg! Xgefg! gef ^cbvegl%

; Jvdbx Pbgkb Kjxp{ pj{v{ clpablbevceo PBPNGX,refbf gkvc~cvcb{ cekarfb9 Fjlceckge Xbprhack! Bg{vbxe Kgxchhbge! Objxocg! Odgeg! Djefrxg{! Mgygmd{vge!Msxosy Xbprhack! Ab{jvdj! Lgagc! [gycagef! Vdgcagef! gef Rmxgceb%


19/96



b~gargvcje caa fbeb dbxb vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ ebbf{

vj {vxbeovdbe {rppjxv {s{vbl{ vj be{rxb vdgv vdj{b

^jarevbbx{ pbxjxlceo vdb{b fckrav vg{m{ gxb

baa,pxbpgxbf vj kjpb cvd vdb{b c{{rb{%

kjvcrjr{ Clpxj~lv

Ce ge bjxv vj jkr{ je vdb bkcbeks gef bbkvc~b,

eb{{ j Pbgkb Kjxp{ jpbxgvcje{! vdb gobeks kje,

vcerbf cv{ pxjoxgl j Cevbxega Lgegoblbev G{,

{b{{lbev{ $CLG# j pj{v{ ce NS 800?% Vdb ojga j

vdb CLG pxjoxgl c{ vj pgxvebx cvd xbocjega gef

pj{v{ {becjx abgfbx{dcp vj {vxbeovdbe gef clpxj~b

pj{v lgegoblbev% G{{b{{lbev vbgl{ dg~b prx{rbf

lbgeceora {jarvcje{ vj clpxj~b pj{v{ jpbxgvcje{gef vj bedgekb ^jarevbbx {bx~ckb gef pxjoxgllgv,

ck clpgkv% Eceb pj{v g{{b{{lbev{ bxb kjefrkvbf ce

NS 800?! abgfceo vj {pbkck xbkjllbefgvcje{ cvd

gobeks,cfb clpackgvcje{%

Ce gffcvcje! vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ Jkb j vdb Ce{pbkvjx

Obebxga $JCO# xboragxas kjefrkv{ grfcv{ gef b~gar,

gvcje{ ce vdb rvcacygvcje j gobeks xb{jrxkb{! gef vdb

bkcbeks gef bbkvc~beb{{ j pxjoxgl{ vdgv {rp,

pjxv Pbgkb Kjxp{ ^jarevbbx{% Grfcv{ jkr{ je {kga

gkkjrevghcacvs gef bbkvc~beb{{ j cevbxega kjevxja{j~bx Pbgkb Kjxp{ cfb xb{jrxkb{% B~gargvjx{ geg,

asyb vdb pxjoxgl jpbxgvcje{ j vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ gv

hjvd j~bx{bg{ pj{v{ gef fjlb{vck jkb{% Grfcv{ gef

b~gargvcje xbpjxv{ cfbevcs cevbxega kjevxja bgm,

eb{{b{! hb{v pxgkvckb{ gef xbkjllbef pxjoxgl cl,

pxj~blbev{ gef lbge{ vj kjlpas cvd Pbgkb Kjxp{

pjackcb{ gef pxjkbfrxb{% Frxceo NS 800?! vdb JCO

c{{rbf {ct pxjoxgl b~gargvcje xbpjxv{ gef 7> grfcv

xbpjxv{ ce 87 kjrevxcb{%

J~x

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ lc{{cje gef bjxv{ gxjref vdb

oajhb gxb g{ clpjxvgev g{ b~bx% Vdb gobeks caa

kjevcerb vj {vxc~b vj jpbxgvb gv cv{ jpvclrl ab~ba vj

be{rxb ljxb Glbxckge{ gxb oc~be vdb jppjxvrecvs

vj {bx~b g{ Pbgkb Kjxp{ ^jarevbbx{ vj kgxxs jrv vdb

gobeks{ lc{{cje j jxaf pbgkb gef xcbef{dcp%

Dbgavd jarevbbx! Hbece


20/96



0

Gkvcje{ vj Gffx{{ Goeks,Cfevcnf Pxcjx Sgx Kgaaeo{

^jrvx Fc~x [{vl

Bgxas ce NS 800?! vdb Fcxbkvjx geejrekbf vdb jx,

lgvcje j vdb ^jarevbbx Fbac~bxs [s{vbl $^F[#

{vbbxceo kjllcvvbb g{ g lgijx cecvcgvc~b vj kjlb jrv

j vdb {vxgvbock pageeceo bjxv% Vdb ^jarevbbx Fb,

ac~bxs [s{vbl xbpxb{bev{ vdb bevcxb pcpbaceb j vdb

{s{vbl ce dckd ^jarevbbx{ gxb xbkxrcvbf! gppas! gxb

ce~cvbf! vxg cebf gef fbpajsbf vj {bx~b j~bx{bg{%

Vdb jhibkvc~b j vdb ^F[ {vbbxceo kjllcvvbb c{ jx

vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ vj jpvclcyb ^F[ hs ab~bxgoceo vdb

raa jxkb j vdb gobeks{ jxogecygvcje! lgegob,lbev! vbkdejajos! gef {kga jpbxgvcje{ vj clpxj~b

gef {r{vgce ^F[ djac{vckgaas% Vdb {vbbxceo kjl,

lcvvbb be{rxb{ {bglab{{ kjevcercvs j jpbxgvcje{

hbvbbe jkb{! jkr{b{ gobeks xb{jrxkb{! gef pxj,

pj{b{ {vxgvbock {jarvcje{ vj blbxoceo kdgaabeob{%

Vj fgvb! vdb ^F[ {vbbxceo kjllcvvbb dg{ hbbe j,

kr{ceo je vdb c{{rb{ j eb xbkxrcvceo {vxgvbocb{

$cekarfceo Glbxckge{ j~bx 20#! hbvvbx lb{{goceo j

vdb lbgeceo j {bx~ckb! btpbfcvceo vdb pxjkb{{ jx

kabgxceo gef ce~cvceo gppackgev{! ageorgob vxgceceo!gef vdb fb~bajplbev j ojjf {cvb{ gef pxjibkv{ jx

^jarevbbx{% Pxjkb{{ gef {s{vbl kdgeob{ gxb refbx

b~gargvcje% Gffcvcjegaas! pcajv pj{v{ dg~b hbbe cfbe,

vcbf vj b~gargvb bbkvc~beb{{ j kdgeob{ ce baf jp,

bxgvcje{% Vdb gkvc~b gef clpjxvgev jxm j vdb ^F[

{vbbxceo kjllcvvbb caa kjevcerb cevj NS 8004 gef

hbsjef g{ kdgeob{ gxb btpbkvbf vj hb clpablbevbf

vj {vgxv gffxb{{ceo cfbevcbf kdgaabeob{%

[vxvoc X{xd! b~rvcj

f Pco rvcj{

Vdb gobeks cfbevcbf vdb agkm j {vxgvbock xb{bgxkd!

b~gargvcje gef pageeceo rekvcje{ g{ g lgijx kdga,

abeob jx NS 800?% Vdb gobeks lr{v fj g hbvvbx ijh

j lbg{rxceo cv{ pbxjxlgekb gef fjkrlbevceo xb,

{rav{ vj bedgekb cv{ ghcacvs vj gxvckragvb cv{ {rkkb{{

gef clpgkv cevbxegaas gef vj jvdbx{% Pxjpbaabf hs

cevbxega {vxgvbock pageeceo! vdb Jkb j Lgegob,

lbev gef Hrfobv $JLH# Pxjoxgl gef Xgvceo Vjja

$PGXV# g{{b{{lbev pxjkb{{! gef vdb ebbf jx g kj,db{c~b pxjkb{{ ce pxbpgxceo vdb NS 8003,8076 {vxg,

vbock page! vdb gobeks vjjm lgijx {vbp{ ce NS 800?

vj gffxb{{ vdc{ c{{rb%

Vdb gobeks kxbgvbf vdb Jkb j [vxgvbock Cejxlg,

vcje! Xb{bgxkd! gef Pageeceo $J[CXP# vj jkr{ gef

cevboxgvb vdb bjxv{ vj clpxj~b9 vdb b~gargvcje gef

lbg{rxblbev j jrx pbxjxlgekb! jrvkjlb{ gef

clpgkv= vdb lgegoblbev j fgvg gef cejxlgvcje!

gef pbxjxlgekb pageeceo gef xbpjxvceo cvdce vdb

gobeks% Vdb eb jkb hboge cv{ jxm ce Lgs 800?gef dg{ gaxbgfs hbore clpxj~ceo vdb oj~bxegekb j

fgvg gef cejxlgvcje! gef vdb xb{bgxkd g{{jkcgvbf

cvd vdb jxlragvcje j kxcvckga b~gargvcje{ vdgv

lr{v hb pbxjxlbf ce jxfbx vj {rppjxv vdb fb~bajp,

lbev j vdb gobeks{ NS 8003,8076 {vxgvbock page%

cc Pxj{{ kdo{

Btvbe{c~b {s{vbl gef pxjkb{{ kdgeob{ clpablbev,

bf ce NS 800> gef ce pxcjx sbgx{ bxb btvxblbas

bbkvc~b ce NS 800?% Vdb{b pxcjx sbgx {s{vbl gefpxjkb{{ kdgeob{ gaajbf jx vdb pxjfrkvcje j gk,

krxgvb gef vclbas egekcga {vgvblbev{ ce NS 800?%

Kdgeob{ clpablbevbf ce vdb pg{v sbgx{ bxb rx,

vdbx vb{vbf gef ~gacfgvbf frxceo vdc{ sbgx{ {rkkb{{,

ra kbxvckgvcje gef gkkxbfcvgvcje j vdb egekcga

{s{vbl! Jfs{{bs! ce gkkjxfgekb cvd vdb Nbfbxga

Cejxlgvcje [bkrxcvs Lgegoblbev Gkv $NC[LG#!

Prhack Ag 70?,;6?% Vdbxb bxb ej xbwrcxblbev{

jx gffcvcjega {s{vbl gef pxjkb{{ kdgeob{ xb{rav,

ceo xjl vdb jxlga NC[LG xb~cb% Gffcvcjegaas!

cevbxega kjevxja vb{vceo g{ baa g{ clpablbevceo{vgefgxfcybf xbkjekcacgvcje{ gaajbf vdb Pbgkb

Kjxp{ vj lgmb ebkb{{gxs kdgeob{ g{ g pgxv j vdb

xboragx fgs,vj,fgs jpbxgvcje{ ce vdb egekcga gxb,

eg% Vdc{ {kga sbgx ej lgvbxcga bgmeb{{b{ bxb

cfbevcbf ce vdb xc{m g{{b{{lbev{ gef btc{vceo lg,

vbxcga bgmeb{{b{ xjl pg{v sbgx egekcga grfcv{

bxb lcvcogvbf%


21/96



Ce ajjmceo gdbgf! rvrxb kdgaabeob{ jx vdb gobeks

cekarfb9

Kjevcerceovj bedgekbvdb^jarevbbxFbac~bxs[s{vbl! cvd g {pbkcga jkr{ je vdb xbkxrcvlbev

j 20- gef gppackgev{ j fc~bx{b bvdeckcvcb{%

Ce{vcvrvcjegacyceovdbnrekvcje{jnpbxnjxlgekb

pageeceo gef xbpjxvceo! b~gargvcje gef lbg,

{rxblbev gef {vxgvbock lgegoblbev j cejx,

lgvcje vdxjrod vdb bjxv{ j J[CXP% Vdc{ caa

be{rxb vdgv vdb{b rekvcje{ gxb clpablbevbf ce

g djac{vck! kjlpxbdbe{c~b gef bbkvc~b lgeebx%

B~gargvceo gef clpxj~ceo vdb kgpghcacvcb{ jn

{vg vj be{rxb vdb kjevcercvs j lc{{cje ce {rp,

pjxvceo jrx ^jarevbbx{ gef be{rxceo bbkvc~b

pbxjxlgekb gv jrx pj{v{ j~bx{bg{%

[vgefgxfcyceogefnjxlgacyceovxgceceojnDj{v

Kjrevxs [vg ce krxxbev egekcga lgegoblbev

hb{v pxgkvckb{%

_dcab jrx kdg aabeob{ kjevcerb vj b~ja~b! vdb Pbgkb

Kjxp{ lc{{cje c{ g{ ~cvga vjfgs g{ cv g{ ce 73>7 gef

vdb gobeks c{ baa pj{cvcjebf vj lbbv vdb{b kdga,

abeob{ dbgf je g{ b kjevcerb vj blpdg{cyb jpbxg,

vcjega btkbaabekb ce vdb sbgx{ vj kjlb%

Bfrkgvcje jarevbbx! Eckgxgorg

0

Goeks,Cfevcnf Nrvrx Kgaaeo{


22/96



0

Px{cfev{ Lgegolev Goefg [rllgxs

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ kjevcergaas {vxc~b{ vj clpxj~b

cv{ lgegoblbev gef pbxjxlgekb% [vxgvbock gefpbxjxlgekb ojga{! cefckgvjx{! gef vgxobv{ bxb xb,

kbevas g{{b{{bf cvdce vdb kjevbtv j vdb Pxb{cfbev{

Lgegoblbev Gobefg $PLG# gef vdb gobeks{ je

lgegoblbev cecvcgvc~b{% Dcodacodvbf dbxb gxb vdb

lgijx clpxj~blbev{ jx bgkd PLG cecvcgvc~b lgfb

frxceo vdc{ {kga sbgx vdgv xbnbkv bkcbeks gef b,

bkvc~beb{{ ogce{ jx vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ gef gaa j cv{

{vg% Vdb PLG dbap{ vdb gobeks gfjpv eb fc{kc,

paceb{ vj be{rxb cv{ jkr{ je xb{rav{ c{ bbkvc~b gef

befrxceo% Njx bgkd cecvcgvc~b! vdb PLG b{vghac{db{

kabgx! oj~bxelbev,cfb ojga{ jx {vgefgxf{ jx {rk,kb{{ gef vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ c{ kjllcvvbf vj lbbvceo

jx btkbbfceo vdb{b ojga{ gef {vgefgxf{%

[vxvoc Lolv j Drl kpcv

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ jpbxgvb{ refbx g recwrb vbxl,

aclcvbf dcxceo grvdjxcvs% [vg lblhbx{ gxb aclcvbf

vj ~b sbgx{ j xboragx blpajslbev! cvd ge gffc,

vcjega ;0 ljevd{ g~gcaghab jx rp vj 72 pbxkbev j

vdb {vg% _cvdce vdc{ kjevbtv! vdb gobeks kjevcer,

gaas {vxc~b{ vj clpxj~b cv{ drlge xb{jrxkb lgegob,lbev $DXL# kje{c{vbev cvd vdb ojga{ j PLG gef

vj lbbv jx btkbbf vdb gobeks{ je ojga{ gef cecvcg,

vc~b{%

G ~cvga pgxv j vdb gobeks{ DXL page c{ vdb cevb,

oxgvcje j vdb Pxb{cfbev{ btpgefbf b,oj~bxelbev

cecvcgvc~b cevj gaa j jrx pxjkb{{b{% Vdb lj{v clpjx,

vgev cecvcgvc~b vj {rppjxv {vxgvbock lgegoblbev j

drlge kgpcvga c{ jrx jeojceo clpablbevgvcje j

ge grvjlgvbf drlge kgpcvga lgegoblbev {s{vbl

cevxjfrkbf g{ g pcajv pxjoxgl frxceo NS 800>% Hsgrvjlgvceo lges j jrx DXL rekvcje{ gef jvdbx

b,oj~bxelbev cecvcgvc~b{! vdb gobeks c{ {vxbglace,

ceo lges j cv{ pxjkb{{b{! pxjkbfrxb{ gef pxgkvckb{%

Xbpbvcvc~b xbpjxvceo vg{m{ gxb hbceo xbfrkbf gef

cejxlgvcje c{ {dgxbf ljxb wrckmas gef bkcbevas

hbvbbe jkb{% Grvjlgvceo cevbxega pxjkb{{b{ xb,

frkb{ jpbxgvceo kj{v{%

R{b j vdc{ {s{vbl gef cv{ xbkxrcvlbev gef {vgeo

ljfrab{ dg{ xbfrkbf vdb vclb cv vgmb{ vj xbkxrcv gefdcxb wrgacvs gppackgev{ hs {clravgebjr{as {befceo

~gkgeks geejrekblbev{ vj j~bx 7!600 xbkxrcv,

lbev {jrxkb{% Pjvbevcga kgefcfgvb xj{vbx{ gxb ej

g~gcaghab cvdce jeb bbm! g {coeckgev clpxj~b,

lbev j~bx vdb pxb~cjr{ lgerga {s{vbl% Gffcvcje,

gaas! vdc{ {s{vbl pxj~cfb{ vdb gppackgev cevgmb vjja

jx vdb Abgfbx{dcp Fb~bajplbev Gkgfbls dckd

g{ agrekdbf ce NS 800> gef c{ ej ce cv{ {bkjef

sbgx% Vdb ojga j vdc{ 78,ljevd abgfbx{dcp pxjoxg l

c{ vj be{rxb vdgv pjvbevcga rvrxb abgfbx{ dg~b vdb

ebkb{{gxs {mcaa{ vj abgf vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{% Jvdbx be,dgekblbev{ gkdcb~bf vdxjrod vdb jeojceo {s{vbl

clpablbevgvcje cekarfb {pbkcgacybf jxcbevgvcje

vxgceceo! kjefrkvceo j DXL jxlga bkcbeks {rx,

~bs{! fc{vxchrvceo kr{vjlcybf wrgxvbxas babkvxjeck

eb{abvvbx{! kjefrkvceo vdxbb vje dgaa b~bev{

cvd cekxbg{bf pgxvckcpgvcje! fb~bajpceo g lgegob,

lbev kjllreckgvcje page! gef lgcevgceceo g pbx,

{jeeba fgvghg{b j jxlbx Pbgkb Kjxp{ blpajsbb{

vj gkcacvgvb rvrxb xb,blpajslbev%

Clpxj~blbev{ gxb hbceo kjevcerjr{as cekjxpjxgv,bf gef vdb gobeks c{ eb,vreceo vdb gs ce dckd

DXL hr{ceb{{ c{ kjefrkvbf vj lgtclcyb pbxjx,

lgekb gef vj be{rxb vdgv vdb lj{v bkcbev xb{rav{

gxb gkdcb~bf vj lbbv vdb ebbf{ j gaa Pbgkb Kjxp{

kr{vjlbx{%

kjlpvcvc~ [jrxco

J~bx vdb pg{v b sbgx{! vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ dg{ jrv,

{jrxkbf lges rekvcje{ vj pxc~gvb xl{ gef vj

jvdbx oj~bxelbev gobekcb{% Vdb{b ~gxcjr{ jrv,{jrxkceo cecvcgvc~b{ dg~b xb{ravbf ce g 897 xgvcj j

jrv{jrxkbf pj{cvcje{ vj Pbgkb Kjxp{ blpajsbb{%

Vdb gobeks kjevcerb{ vj jpbxgvb bbkvc~bas cvd g

raa,vclb {vg j gppxjtclgvbas 7!000 blpajsbb{ gv

Pbgkb Kjxp{ dbgfwrgxvbx{! xbocjega xbkxrcvceo j,

kb{! gef gv pj{v{ ce vdb ?6 kjrevxcb{ ce dckd ^ja,

revbbx{ {bx~b% Vdb gobeks grolbev{ cv{ raa,vclb

{vgeo cvd ghjrv 8!000 kjevxgkvjx{! dj jxm


23/96



fjlb{vckgaas gef j~bx{bg{% Lj{v j~bx{bg{ {vg

rekvcje{ refbx pbx{jega {bx~ckb kjevxgkv{! dckd

gxb xbebbf geergaas% _dcab vdb gobeks c{ jpbe vj

ebas fb~bajpceo jppjxvrecvcb{! ej eb kjlpbvc,vc~b {jrxkceo cecvcgvc~b{ bxb clpablbevbf vdc{ {,

kga sbgx! gef ejeb gxb pageebf jx NS 8004%

Clpxj~f cc Pxjxl

Vdb lj{v {coeckgev clpxj~blbev{ ce egekcga

pbxjxlgekb ce vdc{ {kga sbgx bxb kjlpabvceo

vdb kbxvckgvcje gef gkkxbfcvgvcje pxjkb{{ jx vdb

gobeks{ egekcga {s{vbl gef ~gacfgvceo vdb gobe,

ks{ kjevceobeks page% Vdc{ lcvcogvbf eje,kjejx,

lgekb{ vj vdb oj~bxelbev,cfb egekcga lgegob,lbev {s{vbl{ xbwrcxblbev{ pxb~cjr{as clpbfceo g

kabge egekcga grfcv jpcecje% Vdb egekcga {s{vbl{

gxbg kge ej jkr{ ljxb fcxbkvas je rvrxb {s{vbl

clpxj~blbev{ jx Pbgkb Kjxp{ kr{vjlbx{% Vdc{ {,

kga sbgx gaa xbwrcxbf bfbxga egekcga {vgvblbev{

bxb obebxgvbf f cxbkvas xjl vdb egekcga {s{vbl

gef pxjkb{{b{ jx vdb x{v vclb%

Btvbxega grfcvjx{ c{{rbf g wrgacbf jpcecje je vdb

Pbgkb Kjxp{ [bpvblhbx ;0! 800>! hgagekb {dbbv%

_cvd vdb clpxj~bf egekcga xbpjxvceo gef cevbx,ega kjevxja{ clpablbevbf hs vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{! vdb

grfcvjx{ bxb ghab vj pbxjxl btvbefbf pxjkbfrxb{

frxceo NS 800? gef ge rewrgacbf jpcecje g{ bt,

vbefbf vj gaa egekcga {vgvblbev{ jx vdb {kga sbgx

befbf [bpvblhbx ;0! 800?% Gooxb{{c~b ljecvjxceo

gef kjlpabvcje j vdb kjxxbkvc~b gkvcje{ ebkb{{gxs

vj {gvc{s vdb gobeks{ kjxxbkvc~b gkvcje page{ ce xb,

{pje{b vj jvdbx btvbxega egekcga grfcv efceo{

dg~b {coeckgevas xbfrkbf vdb j~bxgaa erlhbx j

jrv{vgefceo grfcv efceo{ gef baclcegvbf lgvbxcga

bgmeb{{b{ jx vdb gobeks% Lgijx lcab{vjeb{ bxbgkdcb~bf vdc{ {kga sbgx ce ogceceo hbvvbx kjevxja j

vdb kgpcvga g{{bv{ $pxjpbxvs! pagev! gef bwrcplbev

]PP.B\# vdxjrod clpablbevgvcje j ge Jxgkab Nctbf

G{{bv ljfrab vj {vxbglaceb vxgkmceo gef fbpxbkgvcje

j PP.B gef cecvcgvceo vdb jeojceo pxjkb{{ j {blc,

geerga ~bxckgvcje j PP.B g{{bv{ cvd bgkd pj{v%

Gkkjrev xbkjekcacgvcje{ bxb {vgefgxfcybf frxceo

vdc{ sbgx gef rxvdbx {s{vblgvcyceo bjxv{ caa jk,

krx ce vdb rvrxb% Vdb Ce{pbkvjx Obebxga{ pj{v gef

dbgfwrgxvbx{ grfcv{ bxb kaj{bas ljecvjxbf vj be,

{rxb egekcga,xbagvbf efceo{ bxb xb{ja~bf {pbbf,

cas! vdbxbhs xbfrkceo jrv{vgefceo egekcga j~bx{codvgrfcv efceo{ xjl 8; vj jeb jx vdc{ {kga sbgx% Vdb

xbkbev Jkb j vdb Kdcb Ncegekcga Jkbx xbjxog,

ecygvcje dg{ pxjfrkbf hbvvbx kjllreckgvcje gef

kje{c{vbeks gljeo lgegobx{ gef dbapbf {vghcacyb

kjevxgkv kje{ravgev{ ce vdbcx pj{cvcje{%

Vdb gobeks,cfb cevbxega kjevxja pxjoxgl btpgef,

bf vj cekarfb cevbxega kjevxja vb{vceo vj {vxbeovdbe

vdb xbacghcacvs j pbx{jega {bx~ckb kjevxgkv pgslbev

pxjkb{{ceo jx vdb j~bx{bg{ kjevxgkvjx{ gef vj rx,

vdbx {rh{vgevcgvb refbac~bxbf jxfbx{ jx vdb ege,kcga {vgvblbev hgagekb{% Gffcvcjegaas! ajeo,vbxl

pbx{jega {bx~ckb kjevxgkv pgslbev{ bxb raas gr,

vjlgvbf frxceo vdc{ {kga sbgx vj rxvdbx cekxbg{b

gkkrxgks gef {pbbf gef aboc{agvcje g{ {coebf cevj

ag vdgv gaajbf vdb gobeks vj kxbgvb g pbx{jega

{bx~ckb kjevxgkvjx{ {bpgxgvcje pgs gkkjrev gv Vxbg,

{rxs vj hbvvbx lgegob vdb refceo j {bpgxgvcje pgs

jx dj{v kjrevxs egvcjega{%

Ncegekcga lgegoblbev clpxj~blbev bjxv{ cevxj,

frkbf vdc{ {kga sbgx vdgv fcxbkvas hbebv vdb pj{v{ajkgvbf gxjref vdb jxaf cekarfb bedgekceo ege,

kcga lgegoblbev vxgceceo jx eb kjrevxs fcxbkvjx{

gef gflcec{vxgvc~b jkbx{= xbpagkceo geejrekbf

kg{d ~bxckgvcje{ cvd {rxpxc{b grfcv{ hs bgkd pj{v=

xbfrkceo vdb xbwrcxbf wrgxvbxas xbpjxv{ xjl ~b

vj vj= kdgeoceo vdb clpxb{v ref xbpabec{dlbev{

xjl kdbkm vj grvjlgvbf kabgxceodjr{b*babkvxjeck

ref{ vxge{bx= jkr{ceo je babkvxjeck ref{ vxge{,

bx pgslbev{ vj xbfrkb clpxb{v ref kg{d xbwrcxb,

lbev{= clpablbevceo vdb pgpbx kdbkm kje~bx{cje

j~bx,vdb,kjrevbx pxjoxgl vj raas grvjlgvb gefclpxj~b vdb kjaabkvcje! xbkjekcacgvcje! xb{bgxkd

gef xbpjxvceo g{{jkcgvbf cvd kdbkm kjaabkvcje{=

gef kgekbaceo gef kxbfcvceo pgslbev{ c{{rbf hs vdb

[vgvb Fbpgxvlbev{ egekcga {bx~ckb kbevbx{ {j vdb

refceo c{ cllbfcgvbas g~gcaghab vj vdb pj{v{%

Lges jvdbx clpjxvgev egekcga pbxjxlgekb gk,

kjlpac{dlbev{ bxb ce{vcvrvbf frxceo vdc{ {kga


24/96



sbgx vj cekarfb egekcga lgegoblbev pbxjxlgekb

lbvxck{ lbg{rxceo kxcvckga gkvc~cvcb{ vdgv b~gargvb

vdb gobeks{ egekcga dbgavd! baclcegvceo vdb &7%8

lcaacje fbhcv kgxf hgkmajo {pgeeceo {b~bxga {kgasbgx{ gef kdgeoceo vj g eb fbhcv kgxf pagvjxl

vdgv caa grvjlgvckgaas reajgf rer{bf gljrev{

je fbhcv kgxf{ hg{bf je btpcxgvcje fgvb vj pxb~bev

rvrxb pxjhabl{ g{ baa g{ xbpagkceo vdb lgerga

lbvdjf j xbbxxceo fbhv{ vj Vxbg{rxs jx kjaabk,

vcje% [vxjeo bjxv{ vj clpxj~b egekcga pjacks gef

vj fc{{blcegvb vdgv pjacks xgpcfas vdxjrodjrv vdb

gobeks kjevcerb vdxjrod r{b j b,lgca{! hraabvce{!

pjackcb{! gef pxjkbfrxb{ gef caa hb b~be rxvdbx

{vxbeovdbebf ce vdb kjlceo {kga sbgx% Je,ojceo

bjxv{ vj lgcevgce gef rpfgvb Pbgkb Kjxp{ lger,ga{ gef dgefhjjm{ kjevcerb vj hb g pxcjxcvs jx vdb

rvrxb g{ baa g{ {vxbeovdbeceo vdb fjkrlbevgvcje

jx rekvcje{ gef pxjkb{{b{%

btpff b,Oj~xlv

Btpgefbf b,oj~bxelbev j{vbx{ g kcvcybe,kbevbxbf

oj~bxelbev cvd g oxbgvbx ~jarlb j {bx~ckb gv

g ajbx kj{v% Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ kdgaabeob c{ vj be,

{rxb vdgv cv{ ce~b{vlbev{ ce cejxlgvcje vbkdeja,

jos $CV# gxb prv vj vdb hb{v r{b dcab pxj~cfceo jx{s{vbl {bkrxcvs gef cevboxcvs% Vdc{ c{ kxcvckga {cekb

vdb acmbacdjjf j jhvgceceo xb{jrxkb{ jx gaa cfbevc,

bf CV cecvcgvc~b{ kge hb fckrav% Vj gkcacvgvb pxj,

oxgl gef jpbxgvcje vxge{pgxbeks! vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{

b,oj~bxelbev cecvcgvc~b{ gxb obgxbf vjgxf j~bx,

kjlceo gobeks hrxbgrkxgvck fc~c{cje{ gef cekxbg{,

ceo pxjfrkvc~cvs gef vdb bg{b j babkvxjeck gkkb{{ jx

kcvcybe{% Vdb gobeks dg{ cveb{{bf geerga pxjoxb{{

ce cv{ {s{vbl{ lgvrxgvcje! xjl g aj,vbkd jpbxgv,

ceo be~cxjelbev vj g vdb dcod,vbkd beghabf gobeks

j vjfgs%

Kje{c{vbev cvd krx xbev oj~bxelbev,cfb lgegob,

lbev xbjxl{! vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ caa cekxbg{b cv{ r{b

j CV gef b,oj~bxelbev {bx~ckb{ vj {vxbeovdbe vdb

wrgacvs! bkcbeks! gef vclbaceb{{ j xbkxrcvceo! g{,

{b{{ceo! gef {babkvceo pxj{pbkvc~b ^jarevbbx{% Ce

8006! vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ hboge fb~bajpceo vdb cexg,

{vxrkvrxb xbwrcxbf vj ljfbxecyb vdb gobeks gef

beghab oxbgvbx b,oj~bxelbev {jarvcje{% Vdb gobeks

dg{ bedgekbf vbabkjllreckgvcje{! dgxfgxb! {b,

krxcvs! gef {jarvcje{ fb~bajplbev kgpghcacvs jxaf,cfb {cekb vdgv vclb%

Vdb ^jarevbbx Fbac~bxs [s{vbl $^F[# c{ g kjevcer,

jr{ kskab j ^jarevbbx xbkxrcvlbev! {kxbbeceo! gef

pagkblbev vdgv gaaj{ vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ vj fbac~bx vdb

hb{v {rcvbf ^jarevbbx{ jx g dj{v kjrevxs { ebbf{%

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ dg{ {vxgvbockgaas gacoebf cv{ ^F[

cvd vdb gobeks{ lc{{cje! ljfbxecyceo cv{ pxj,

kb{{b{ vj {pbbf rp vdb fbac~bxs pxjkb{{ gef vj xbgkd

fcbxbev fc~bx{b oxjrp{ ljxb bbkvc~bas% Cevbxega

kjllreckgvcje dg{ hbbe {vxbglacebf gef j~bxgaaxb{pje{b vclb{ vj gppackgev{ dg~b hbbe xbfrkbf%

Vdb gobeks dg{ fbpajsbf g _bh,hg{bf kjebxbek,

ceo vjja! _bhBt! dckd gkcacvgvb{ {dgxceo xbga,

vclb cejxlgvcje hbvbbe j~bx{bg{ gef fjlb{vck

{vg% _bhBt dg{ {coeckgevas clpxj~bf ^jarevbbx

pagkblbev hbkgr{b vdb pj{v xbkbc~ceo vdb jarevbbx

kge fc{kr{{ dj{v ebbf{ gef xbwrcxblbev{ cvd vdb

Pagkblbev Jkb vdgv {bef{ vdb ^jarevbbx% Kjxxb,

{pjefceoas! gkkrxgvb gef bbkvc~b pagkblbev xb,

frkb{ bgxas vbxlcegvcje xgvb{ gef cekxbg{b{ ^jare,

vbbx {gvc{gkvcje hbkgr{b vdb xcodv pbx{je c{ pagkbfce vdb xcodv ijh% _bhBt ga{j xbfrkb{ vxg~ba kj{v{ hs

gaajceo {vg vj vbabkjebxbekb ~cg vdb _bh ce{vbgf

j lbbvceo gkb,vj,gkb%

G{ vdb gobeks xbxb{dbf vbkdejajos gv Gxckg xbocje

pj{v{! g erlhbx j kjrevxs fcxbkvjx{ xbkjllbefbf

bedgekblbev{ vj cekxbg{b pxjfrkvc~cvs gef bbk,

vc~beb{{% Ce xb{pje{b! Beoac{d ageorgob gef v spceo

vrvjxcga{ dg~b hbbe cevxjfrkbf gv bgkd pj{v% Vdb{b

vjja{ cekxbg{b pxjfrkvc~cvs j gflcec{vxgvc~b {vg!

pxclgxcas dj{v kjrevxs egvcjega{ dj lgs {vxrooabcvd ageorgob jx fgvg bevxs%

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ kjevcerb{ vj clpablbev CV {bkr,

xcvs {jarvcje{ vj {bkrxb fgvg {vjxbf gef pxjkb{{bf

je gobeks kjlprvbx{% Vdc{ beghab{ vdb gobeks vj hb

kjlpacgev cvd vdb Kjevcercvs j Jpbxgvcje{ Page

$KJJP# gef vdb Nbfbxga Cejxlgvcje [bkrxcvs Ce,


25/96



jxlgvcje Lgegoblbev Gkv% Ce NS 800?! vdb gobe,

ks lgfb {coeckgev {vxcfb{ ce vdb kbxvckgvcje gef

gkkxbfcvgvcje pxjkb{{b{%

Bedgekbf vbkdejajos dbapbf pxj~cfb ge grvjlgvbf

pxjpbxvs vxgkmceo {s{vbl vdgv c{ hbvvbx kjevxjaaceo

gef lgegoceo g{{bv{ jebf gef*jx jpbxgvbf hs vdb

gobeks% PxjpLge CC! vdb gobeks{ eb PP.B {s{,

vbl! ejv jeas clpxj~b{ pxjpbxvs lgegoblbev! hrv

cv pxj~cfb{ g {vgefgxf {s{vbl vj kgpvrxb! vxgkm! gef

xbpjxv je Pbgkb Kjxp{ pxjpbxvs%

G erlhbx j j~bx{bg{ pj{v{ dg~b ljevdas vbabkjl,

lreckgvcje{ kj{v{ j ljxb vdge &6!000! cekarfceo

ajeo,fc{vgekb gef ajkga pdjeb {bx~ckb% Vdb PbgkbKjxp{ c{ pcajvceo g ~jckb,j~bx,Cevbxebv pxjvjkja

$^JCP# gv vj j~bx{bg{ pj{v{! xbfrkceo vdc{ kj{v vj

gppxjtclgvbas &600 pbx ljevd% ^JCP kjraf pjvbe,

vcgaas ajbx vbabkjllreckgvcje{ kj{v{ jx g{ lges

g{ 80 j~bx{bg{ pj{v{%

B,lgca c{ g kxcvckga kjlpjebev j vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{

kjllreckgvcje gef kjaaghjxgvcje be~cxjelbev%

Cv c{ pxjhghas vdb lj{v fbpbefbf,rpje vbkdeja,

jos ce vdb gobeks% Gppxjtclgvbas 42 pbxkbev j jrx

cekjlceo b,lgca c{ {pgl% Ce NS 800?! vdb PbgkbKjxp{ clpablbevbf g {pgl xbfrkvcje {jarvcje vdgv

baclcegvb{ 33%2 pbxkbev j {pgl gef pxb~bev{ vdb

aj{{ j pxjfrkvc~cvs g{{jkcgvbf cvd lgegoceo hj,

or{ b,lgca%

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ xbabg{bf g eb ~bx{cje j vdb ^ja,

revbbx cejxlgvcje fgvghg{b gppackgvcje $^CFG#

dckd gaaj{ pj{v{ vj lg egob vdbcx ^jarevbbx{ r{,

ceo g {vgefgxf {s{vbl! pxjkb{{! gef xbpjxv{% Vdc{

jxm c{ jeojceo gef cekarfb{ bedgekblbev{ vj lj,

hcacvs $^CFG caa jxm je g agpvjp! vghabv! jx pbx,{jega fcocvga g{{c{vgev# gef fgvg vxge{lc{{cje $fgvg

caa hb g~gcaghab gv Pbgkb Kjxp{ dbgfwrgxvbx{#%

Vdb gobeks kjevcerb{ vj clpablbev ^[GV $~bxs

{lgaa gpbxvrxb vbxlcega! ge bgxvdhjref {vgvcje

r{bf ce {gvbaacvb kjllreckgvcje{ j fgvg! ~jckb!

gef ~cfbj {coega{# vbxlcega{ ce kjrevxcb{ dbxbvdb vbabkjllreckgvcje{ cexg{vxrkvrxb fjb{ ejv

{rppjxv {vghab vbabpdjeb gef Cevbxebv {bx~ckb{% Ce

NS 800?! vdc{ vbkdejajos g{ clpablbevbf ce Hb,

ece! Hrxmceg Ng{j! Orsgeg! Mbesg! Msxosy Xbprh,

ack! Ab{jvdj! Lgagc! Lgac! Lgrxcvgecg! Lckxjeb,

{cg! [gljg! [v% Arkcg! Vjoj! Vjeog! Vrxmlbec{vge!

Rogefg! gef ^gergvr%

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ rpoxgfbf vdb Kxclb Cekcfbev Xb,

pjxvceo [s{vbl cevxjfrkbf ce NS 800> vj g Kxclb

Cekcfbev Xbpjxvceo Njxl $KCXN#% KCXN c{ pxj~cf,ceo g {bkrxb! vclbas! {vgefgxf babkvxjeck {jarvcje jx

pj{v{ vj xbpjxv {pbkck kxclb{ gogce{v ^jarevbbx{

vj vdb Jkb j [gbvs gef [bkrxcvs! xbocje{! lbfc,

kga {vg! vdb ce{pbkvjx obebxga! gef obebxga kjre{ba%

KCXN c{ {g~ceo vclb! bedgekceo {gbvs gef {bkrxcvs!

gef pxj~cfceo gkkrxgvb gef kje{c{vbev cejxlgvcje

vj gaa pgxvcb{ ce~ja~bf%

Pbgkb Kjxp{ b,oj~bxelbev page{ jx NS 8004,

8003 cekarfb9

Fbpajsceog{bgxkdbeoceb{jarvcjekgaabfCenjx,

lgvcje Gkkb{{

Fb~bajpceo vdb x{v cvbxgvcje fgvg gxbdjr{b

jx cejxlgvcje {dgxceo

Fb~bajpceoxbwrcxblbev{gefgegas{c{njxgkje,

vbev lgegoblbev {s{vbl

Gegasyceogfjkrlbevlgegoblbev{jarvcjevj

gffxb{{ vdb Dbgavd Ce{rxgekb Pjxvghcacvs gefGkkjrevghcacvs Gkv! vdb Egvcjega Gxkdc~b{ gef

Xbkjxf{ Gflcec{vxgvcje! gef KJJP ebbf{

Fbpajsceogegobeksljhcacvs{jarvcje!cekarf,

ceo cxbab{{%


26/96



Fbpajsceogpcajvcmc$gejeacebkjaaghjxgvcje

vjja# kgaabf Pbgkb _cmc%

Fbpajsceo {dgxbpjcev pjxvga {bx~ckb{ vj ljxbpj{v{! xbfrkceo vdb ebbf jx ^jarevbbx{ vj vxg~ba

vj pj{v{ vj btkdgeob cejxlgvcje%

Fbpajsceo vdb ^JCP {jarvcje njx gffcvcjega

pj{v{%

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ caa kjevcerb vj gacoe CV {s{vbl{

cvd kjxb hr{ceb{{ pxjkb{{b{ r{ceo cv{ oj~bxegekb

pxjkb{{ vj be{rxb gobeks pxcjxcvcb{ gxb gkdcb~bf%

Fbeceo CV {vxgvbock pageeceo gxjref pxjkb{{b{

vdgv lgmb vdb hb{v r{b j _bh gkkb{{chcacvs caa hbjeb gs vdb gobeks gkkjlpac{db{ vdc{%

Hrfov f Pxjxl Cvoxvcj

Vdb pxclgxs vjja vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ r{b{ vj cevboxgvb

hrfobv gef pbxjxlgekb c{ cv{ Cevboxgvbf Pageeceo

gef Hrfobv [s{vbl $CPH[#% Vdb CPH[ c{ kje{c{vbev

cvd vdb pageeceo pxjkb{{ fbebf hs vdb Oj~bxe,

lbev Pbxjxlgekb gef Xb{rav{ Gkv gef c{ vcbf vj

vdb PLG% Vdb {s{vbl gacoe{ vdb Kjeoxb{{cjega

pageeceo gef hrfobv kskab cvd vdb lgijx hr{ceb{{acb kskab{ j vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ $c%b%! pj{v{ baf pxji,

bkv fb{coe gef vdb gobeks{ ^jarevbbx xbkxrcvlbev

gef fbac~bxs kskab{#% CPH[ g{ xbbeocebbxbf frxceo

NS 800> gef vdb gobeks c{ btpbxcbekceo vdb hbeb,

v{ j vdb bedgekbf pageeceo bgvrxb{! vdb cevbxega

ljevdas hrfobv btbkrvcje xb~cb{ gef vdb wrgx,

vbxas btbkrvcje xb~cb{% Xbgacoeceo pbxjxlgekb

xb~cb{ cvd vdb lcf,sbgx hrfobv xb~cb pxjkb{{!

kjlhcebf cvd jxlga pxb{bevgvcje{ vj vdb Fcxbk,

vjx! dg{ {vxbglacebf vdb xbgaajkgvcje pxjkb{{ jx

refceo gef vdb lgegoblbev j drlge xb{jrxkb{gef cekxbg{bf vdb ~c{chcacvs j pxjhabl gxbg{ jx

wrckm xb{jarvcje%

Vdb gobeks{ lj{v xbkbev {vbp vjgxf clpxj~ceo

vdb hrfobv gef pbxjxlgekb cevboxgvcje g{ kxbgv,

ceo vdb Jkb j [vxgvbock Cejxlgvcje! Xb{bgxkd!

gef Pageeceo frxceo NS 800?% Vdc{ jkb caa abgf

vdb fb~bajplbev j kjevbev jx ajeo,xgeob pageeceo

bjxv{= gkcacvgvb clpablbevgvcje j Pbgkb Kjxp{,

ab~ba pxjoxgl b~gargvcje{= clpxj~b r{b j jrv,

kjlb,jxcbevbf pbxjxlgekb lbg{rxb{= gef {bx~b

g{ vdb gobeks{ grvdjxcvs jx fgvg oj~bxegekb gef{vbgxf{dcp%

Lgegoceo cvdce vdb xglbjxm j vdb Pxb{cfbev{

Lgegoblbev Gobefg pxj~cfb{ gobeks lg egoblbev

cvd ge jppjxvrecvs vj kxbgvb {s{vbl{ vdgv bedgekb

pbxjxlgekb% Vdb{b clpxj~bf kgpghcacvcb{ gaaj

vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ vj jkr{ je cv{ ~cvga lc{{cje gef

hrcaf g {jacf jrefgvcje jx rvrxb btkbaabekb%

^jarevbbx{ ce Ba [ga~gfjx


27/96P b X N j X L G E K b [ b K V c j E


28/96


Pxjxlgek [kvcje

Geerga Pxjxlgek Xpjxv

0

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ lc{{cje j pxjljvceo jxaf pbgkb

gef xcbef{dcp c{ gkkjlpac{dbf vdxjrod vdb jxm j

Pbgkb Kjxp{ ^jarevbbx{ g{ vdbs vxge{bx {mcaa{ gef

hrcaf kxj{{,kravrxga refbx{vgefceo ce pgxvebx kjre,vxcb{ vdxjrodjrv vdb jxaf% Vdb gobeks jpbxgvb{ ce

dj{v kjrevxcb{ vdgv dg~b ce~cvbf vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ vj

g{{c{v vdbl ce lbbvceo vdbcx fb~bajplbev ebbf{%

Vdxjrod vdbcx jxm! Pbgkb Kjxp{ ^jarevbbx{ hrcaf

hxcfob{ j refbx{vgefceo hbvbbe Glbxckge{ gef

dj{v kjrevxs egvcjega{%

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ r{b{ pbxjxlgekb ojga{ gef lbg,

{rxb{ vdgv jkr{ je pxj~cfceo {mcaabf ^jarevbbx{ vj

lbbv dj{v kjrevxs ebbf{! {rppjxvceo vdb dbgavd gef

{gbvs j vdb ^jarevbbx{! gef be{rxceo vdgv ^jare,vbbx{ xbnbkv vdb gkb j Glbxckg vj dj{v kjrevxcb{%

Vdb lbg{rxb{ ga{j ajjm gv vdb bkcbeks gef bbk,

vc~beb{{ j bjxv{ vj xbkxrcv! vxgce! gef {rppjxv ^ja,

revbbx{ g{ vdbs kgxxs jrv vdbcx jxm! g{ baa g{ vdb

btpj{rxb j Glbxckge{ vj jvdbx kravrxb{ hbkgr{b j

vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{% Vdb{b ojga{ gef lbg{rxb{ pxj~cfb

g kabgx pckvrxb j vdb gobeks{ lj{v clpjxvgev pbx,

jxlgekb xb{rav{%

Ce NS 800?! vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ lgfb {coeckgev {vxcfb{

ce ce{vcvrvcjegacyceo cv{ pbxjxlgekb xbpjxvceo pxj,kb{{ vdxjrod vdb kxbgvcje j vdb Jkb j [vxgvbock

Cejxlgvcje! Xb{bgxkd! gef Pageeceo $J[CXP#% Njx

NS 800>,8004! vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ gfir{vbf cv{ {vxgvb,

ock page vj hbvvbx gacoe vdb page vj vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{

vdxbb kjxb ojga{ gef cevbxega pxjkb{{b{! cekarfceo

eb gef ljfcbf {vxgvbock jhibkvc~b{ cvd jrvkjlb,

jxcbevbf vgxobv{ gef cefckgvjx{% Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{

kjlpabvbf! gef JLH gppxj~bf! vdb xb~c{bf ~bx{cje

j vdb gobeks{ {vxgvbock page! dckd g{ cekarfbf ce

vdb NS 800? Kjeoxb{{cjega Hrfobv Ir{vcnkgvcje%

Pxjoxl g{{{{lv Xvco Vjj

Vdb {vxgvbock page gfir{vlbev g{ ce xb{pje{b vj vdb

Pbgkb Kjxp{ x{v,b~bx Pxjoxgl G{{b{{lbev Xgvceo

Vjja $PGXV# xb~cb! dckd jkkrxxbf ce NS 8002%

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ xbkbc~bf ge bbkvc~b xgvceo! dckd

cefckgvb{ vdgv vdb gobeks dg{ {bv glhcvcjr{ ojga{!

gkdcb~bf xb{rav{! c{ baa,lgegobf! gef clpxj~b{ b,

kcbeks% Vdb PGXV xb~cb pxjkb{{ ga{j cekarfbf xbk,

jllbefgvcje{ jx clpxj~blbev! kgaabf vdb PGXV

clpxj~blbev page% Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ clpxj~blbev

page jrvacebf vdb ebbf vj cfbevcs eb {vxgvbock jhibk,vc~b{ cvd jrvkjlb,jxcbevbf vgxobv{ gef cefckgvjx{

ljxb kaj{bas gacoebf vj vdb gobeks{ lc{{cje {vgvb,

lbev% Ce xb{pje{b! vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ pxjfrkbf vdb

cevbxcl gfir{vlbev vj vdb {vxgvbock page fb{kxchbf

ghj~b refbx dckd vdb gobeks c{ krxxbevas jpbxgvceo%

Vdb PGXV clpxj~blbev page ga{j xbbx{ vj vdb gobe,

ks{ ebbf vj hbvvbx lbg{rxb ^jarevbbx{ bbkvc~beb{{

ce kgxxsceo jrv vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ {bkjef kjxb ojga j

pxjljvceo g hbvvbx refbx{vgefceo j Glbxckge{ je

vdb pgxv j vdb pbjpab{ {bx~bf% J[CXP c{ fb~bajpceo{jpdc{vckgvbf xb{bgxkd lbvdjf{ vj lbg{rxb jrv,

kjlb{ vdgv caa beghab vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ vj wrgevcs

cv{ gkdcb~blbev j vdc{ {bkjef kjxb ojga gef vdb xb{v

j vdb gobeks{ pbxjxlgekb lbg{rxb{ ce NS 8004%

Ce gffcvcje vj ce{vcvrvcjegacyceo vdb gobeks{ pbxjx,

lgekb xbpjxvceo! J[CXP c{ ga{j kdgxobf cvd fb~ba,

jpceo vdb NS 8003,8076 {vxgvbock page%

Jn j C{pvjx Ox grfcv{

f b~rvcj{

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ Jkb j vdb Ce{pbkvjx Obebxga

$JCO# xboragxas kjefrkv{ grfcv{ gef b~gargvcje{ j

vdb bbkvc~beb{{ j pxjoxgl{ vdgv {rppjxv Pbgkb

Kjxp{ ^jarevbbx{% Grfcvjx{ jkr{ je {kga gkkjrev,

ghcacvs gef bbkvc~beb{{ j cevbxega kjevxja{ j~bx

Pbgkb Kjxp{ xb{jrxkb{% B~gargvjx{ gegasyb vdb pxj,

oxgl jpbxgvcje{ j vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ gv hjvd j~bx,

{bg{ pj{v{ gef fjlb{vck jkb{% Grfcv{ gef b~garg,

vcje xbpjxv{ cfbevcs cevbxega kjevxja bgmeb{{b{!

hb{v pxgkvckb{ gef xbkjllbef pxjoxgl clpxj~b,

lbev{ gef lbge{ vj kjlpas cvd gppackghab bfbxgaxboragvjxs orcfgekb! gef Pbgkb Kjxp{ pjackcb{ gef

pxjkbfrxb{% Frxceo NS 800?! vdb JCO c{{rbf {ct pxj,

oxgl b~gargvcje xbpjxv{ gef 7> grfcv xbpjxv{ xbpjxv,

ceo je 87 kjrevxcb{% Grfcv lgegoblbev kdgaabeob{

kcvbf ce vdb xbpjxv{ cekarfb jpbxgvcjega gxbg{ xbagvbf

vj egekcga xbpjxvceo! cejxlgvcje vbkdejajos! gef

cevbxega kjevxja{ j~bx Pbgkb Kjxp{ xb{jrxkb{ {rkd g{

kg{d gef kgpcvga g{{bv{% Kdgaabeob{ kcvbf ce vdb pxj,


29/96


Pxjxlgek [kvcje

oxgl b~gargvcje xbpjxv{ xbagvb vj {cvb fb~bajplbev

gef {babkvcje! oxgev,lgmceo gef jvdbx refceo,xb,

agvbf c{{rb{! vbkdeckga gef ajkga ageorgob vxgceceo!

gef vdb {rkcbeks gef wrgacvs j lbfckga {bx~ckb{ vj

^jarevbbx{%

JCO c{{rbf 7> grfcv xbpjxv{ ce NS 800? xbagvbf vj

gflcec{vxgvc~b gef egekcga jpbxgvcje{ gv j~bx{bg{

pj{v{% Jvdbx grfcv{ pbxjxlbf cekarfbf vdb geerga

grfcv{ j vdb gobeks{ egekcga {vgvblbev{! pxc~gks

gef ~raebxghcacvs g{{b{{lbev j Pbgkb Kjxp{ ce,

vxgebv gef btvbxega bh{cvb! gef g Nbfbxga Cejxlg,

vcje [bkrxcvs Lgegoblbev Gkv xb~cb j {babkvbf

gobeks cejxlgvcje {s{vbl{%

Vdb {ct pxjoxgl b~gargvcje{ bxb kjefrkvbf ceGybxhgcige! Kglbxjje! Bg{vbxe Kgxchhbge! Bkrg,

fjx! Orcebg! gef [jrvd Gxckg% Xbpjxv{ xjl vdb{b

b~gargvcje{ gxb {rhlcvvbf vj xbocjega fcxbkvjx{ dj

vdbe vgmb gppxjpxcgvb gkvcje vj gffxb{{ cfbevcbf

kjekbxe{%

Ce NS 800?! vdb JCO ga{j cecvcgvbf baf xb{bgxkd

jx vj agxob,{kgab kjlpxbdbe{c~b b~gargvcje{ vj

ajjm gv vdb {gbvs gef {bkrxcvs j ^jarevbbx{ gef vdb

gobeks{ lbfckga {kxbbeceo pxjkb{{ jx pjvbevcga

^jarevbbx{% Xb{bgxkd jx vdb{b vj b~gargvcje{ ce,~ja~bf vxg~ba vj 7> kjrevxcb{%

Cvx Lolv g{{{{lv{

Vdb ojga j vdb Jkb j vdb Fcxbkvjx{ cevbxega lge,

goblbev g{{b{{lbev $CLG# pxjoxgl c{ vj pgxvebx

cvd xbocjega gef pj{v {becjx abgfbx{dcp vj {vxbeovd,

be gef clpxj~b vdb lgegoblbev j pj{v{% G{{b{{,

lbev vbgl{ dg~b prx{rbf lbgeceora {jarvcje{

vj clpxj~b vdb bkcbeks gef bbkvc~beb{{ j pj{v

jpbxgvcje{ gef vj bedgekb ^jarevbbx {bx~ckb gefpxjoxgllgvck clpgkv% Vdb{b g{{b{{lbev{ gxb kja,

aghjxgvc~b gef hrcaf kje{be{r{% Gffcvcjegaas! vdb g{,

{b{{lbev{ gxb vclbas jx pj{v{ gef xbocje{! xbab~gev

vj {becjx {vg gv {babkvbf pj{v{ gef vdb xbocje{! gef

gxb xb{pje{c~b vj pj{v gef xbocje ebbf{%

Ce NS 800? CLG g{{b{{lbev{ bxb kjefrkvbf ce9

Hbacyb! Kj{vg Xckg! Orsgeg! Mbesg! Lbtckj! Ecobx!

Pbxr! vdb Pdcacppceb{! gef Yglhcg% G{{b{{lbev{ j,

kr{bf je9

Pj{v{cevxge{cvcje$ebabgfbx{dcp!pxjoxglfc,

xbkvcje gef cevbxega kdgaabeob{#=

PbgkbKjxp{vxgceceo=

Jpbxgvcjega ljfba{ ce objoxgpdckgaas agxob

kjrevxcb{=

Xb~cbjnPbgkbKjxp{jpbxgvcje{ceebbevxs

kjrevxcb{ $vdxbb vj ~b sbgx{ gvbx jpbeceo#=

^jarevbbx {rppjxv kjekbxe{ ce kjrevxcb{ cvd

dcod cekcfbekb j DC^*GCF[ gef vdb clpgkv j

vdb Pxb{cfbev{ Blbxobeks Page jx GCF[ Xbacb

$PBPNGX# ref{ je jpbxgvcje{= gef

Pj{v oxjvd $clpackgvcje{ njx {vgeo! hrfobv!

^jarevbbx {rppjxv! gef {cvb fb~bajplbev#%

Pxjxl Xpjxvco Pxj{{

Vdxjrodjrv NS 800?! vdb gobeks kjevcerbf vj r{bvdb bedgekbf cevbxega kjevxja{ gef fjkrlbevgvcje

j pxjkb{{b{ fb~bajpbf ce NS 800>% Vdb kxbgvcje j

J[CXP g{ g lgijx {vbp ce pxj~cfceo ge ce{vcvrvcje,

ga djlb jx pbxjxlgekb xbpjxvceo ce vdb gobeks%

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ NS 800? pbxjxlgekb xb{rav{ gxb

hg{bf je xbacghab! gkvrga fgvg vdgv gxb kjlpabvb g{

j vdb pxjfrkvcje j vdb xb{rav{ gv vdb kaj{b j vdb

{kga sbgx% J~bxgaa! vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ dg{ lgfb oxbgv

pxjoxb{{ ce ce{vcvrvcjegacyceo cv{ pbxjxlgekb xb,

pjxvceo pxjkb{{ gef c{ baa,pj{cvcjebf vj pxj~cfb{jacf xb{rav{ je pbxjxlgekb lbg{rxb{%


30/96


Pxjxlgek [kvcje

Pxjxl [rllx

NS 800? c{ vdb {bkjef sbgx jx vdb gobeks vj xbpjxv

jrv je cv{ krxxbev {bv j glhcvcjr{ hrv gkdcb~ghab

pbxjxlgekb ojga{ gef cefckgvjx vgxobv{ g{ jrv,acebf ce vdb {vxgvbock page% Ce NS 800?! vdb gobeks

g{ ghj~b vgxobv jx ~b j vdb bcodv pbxjxlgekb

ojga{ gef gppxjtclgvbas ?; pbxkbev j vdb ;; pbx,

jxlgekb cefckgvjx{% Ce {jlb kg{b{ xb{rav{ bxb

hbvvbx vdge gevckcpgvbf= ce jvdbx gxbg{ xb{rav{ baa

{djxv j vdb ojga% G kg{b,hs,kg{b gegas{c{ c{ cekarf,

bf ce vdb {bkvcje bevcvabf Geerga Pbxjxlgekb Xb,

{rav{% Vdb gobeks caa kjevcerb vj jxm vj gkdcb~bcv{ {vxgvbock ojga{ gef vj {bx~b vdb ^jarevbbx! dj{v

kjrevxs egvcjega{! gef vdb Glbxckge pbjpab%

Pnlge Og gef Hcn F{cpvce

Pnlge Og

Gogce{v Vgov

Pnlge Cefcgv{ Gogce{v Vgov

Refx Je J~x

7%7%7 ^jarevx{ {x~ceo J~x 8 7 7

7%8%7 [mcaa{ gef mejafo vxge{x J~x 7 ;

7%;%7 Xpx{evgvcje j Glxckge fc~x{cvs Refx 8 ;

8%7%7 ^jarevx gavkgx J~x) ;

8%8%7 ^jarevx {gvs Refx) ;

;%7%7Cevxgkvcje{ cv Glxckge{ vj rcafkxj{{,kravrxga refx{vgefceo

Refx 8 ;

6%7%7 Xfrkvcje j x{pje{ vcl vj gppackgev{ J~x 7 6

6%8%7 ^jarevx x{coegvcje xgv J~x 7 8

Vvg Pnlge Og{ < 4 ; Refx2 J~x

4 8 88

ejv{9 Vdb vdxbb kgvbojxcb{ j pbxjxlgekb lbg{rxblbev gxb refbx! je! jx j~bx vgxobv % G erlhbx vdgv c { refbx vgxobv c{ g es erlhbx

hbaj vdb vgxobv= g erlhbx vdgv c{ je vgxobv c{ ges erlhbx vdgv c{ btgkvas je vgxobv= gef g erlhbx vdgv c{ j~bx vgxobv c{ ges erlhbx

vdgv c{ ljxb vdge vdb vgxobv% Fgvg jx jeb j vdb pbxjxlgekb cefckgvjx{ jx Pbxjxlgekb Ojga 6%8%7 gxb ejv g~gcaghab g{ vdb hcbe,

ecga ^jarevbbx {rx~bs g{ ejv pbxjxlbf ce NS 800? gef vdb kaj{b,j,{bx~ckb {rx~bs fcf ejv cekarfb vdb ebkb{{gxs wrb{vcje vj

cejxl vdc{ cefckgvjx%

) Vdb gobeks fjb{ ejv dg~b jkcga NS 800? vgxobv{ gef xb{rav{ jx kbxvgce pbxjxlgekb ojga{ gef cefckgvjx{ hbkgr{b vdb hcbeecga

^jarevbbx {rx~bs c{ ejv gflcec{vbxbf vdc{ sbgx% Xgvdbx vdge cefckgvceo E*G jx hjvd vdb ojga{ gef xb{rav{! vdb gobeks dg{ cevbxpjagvbf

ojga{ gef rvcacybf kaj{b,j,{bx~ckb {rx~bs xb{rav{ ce jxfbx vj pxj~cfb gavbxegvb cejxlgvcje j gobeks pbxjxlgekb ce vdb{b gxbg{%

PbXJXLgekb CeFCkgVJX[ [RLLgXs

)


31/96


Pxjxlgek [kvcje

Kjxxagvcje j Pgk Kjxp{ Kjx Ojga{ gef [vxgvock Ojga{

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ dg{ jrx {vxgvbock ojga{ vdgv gacoe vj vdb gobeks{ vdxbb kjxb ojga{ $g{ {bv jxvd ce vdb Pbgkb

Kjxp{ Gkv#% Gavdjrod lges j vdb gobeks{ gkvc~cvcb{ krv gkxj{{ gaa j vdb vdxbb kjxb ojga{! vdbxb gxb kaj{b

xbagvcje{dcp{ hbvbbe {pbkcnk kjxb ojga{ gef kbxvgce {vxgvbock ojga{% Vdb jaajceo vghab {dj{ vdb{b xbag,vcje{dcp{%

Ojga 7# vj dbap vdb pbjpab j cevbxb{vbf kjrevxcb{ ce lbbvceo vdbcx ebbf jx vxgcebf lbe gef jlbe=

Ojga 8# vj dbap pxjljvb g hbvvbx refbx{vgefceo j Glbxckge{ je vdb pgxv j vdb pbjpab{ {bx~bf= gef

Ojga ;# vj dbap pxjljvb g hbvvbx refbx{vgefceo j jvdbx pbjpab{ je vdb pgxv j Glbxckge{%

0

Kjx Ojga{[vxgvockOjga{

PxjxlgekOjga{ Kjxxagvcje

Oj 7 7! 8! 6 7%7%7

7%8%7

Lx êvx{ e vd nf px~f lx ppxvev{ v g{{{v evx{vf kevx{

gef hxgfe vd lpgkv vd geks%

8%7%7

8%8%7

Vd kv~e{{ êvx{ v g{{{v kllev{ ~x{g{ { edgekf de vds

gx {g gef dgvds%

6%7%7

6%8%7

ovve êvx{ v vd nf gef dg~e vdl {x~ vdx vxl edgek{ vd

ppxvev{ x p{v~ lpgkv%

Oj 8 7! 8! 6 7%7%7

7%;%7

Hs ekxg{e vd elhx êvx{ ~x{g{! gef dg~e g f~x{ xpx{evgve

Glxkg! g hvvx efx{vgefe Glxkge{ hs vd pp vds {x~ { tpgeff%

8%7%78%8%7

Vd kv~e{{ êvx{ v gkklp{d og 8 { edgekf devds gx {g gef dgvds%

6%7%7

6%8%7

ovve êvx{ v vd nf gef dg~e vdl {x~ vdx vxl edgek{ vd ghvs

v n og 8%

Oj ; ; 7%7%7

7%;%7

Hs ekxg{e vd elhx êvx{ {x~e ~x{g{! vd hg{ px{e{ d

pxlv g hvvx efx{vgefe vdx pp{ v Glxkge{ { tpgeff%

;%7%7 Dpe pxlv g hvvx efx{vgefe vdx pp{ e vd pgxv Glxkge{ {

gkd~f hs {dgxe êvx tpxek{ gef {vx{ e g ~gxvs ~e{%

kJXXbagVCJe J Pbgkb kJXP[ kJXb geF [VXgVbOCk OJga[


32/96


Pxjxlgek [kvcje

Geerga Pxjxlgek X{rav{

[VxGVbOCk OjGa 7

G{{c{v cevbxb{vbf kjrevx cb{ cvd vdbcx cfbevcnbf ebbf{ hs oxgfrg aas bt pgefceo vdb erlhbx j vxg cebf ^ja,

revbbx{ {bx~ceo j~bx{bg{= hxjgfbeceo vdb clpgkv je vdb ac~b{ j lbe gef jlbe ce vdbcx dj{v kjllrecvcb{hs vxge{bxxceo vgeochab {mcaa{= gef dbapceo vj pxjljvb ge refbx{vg efceo j Glbxckge{! cekarfceo xbpxb,

{bevceo Glbxckge fc~bx{cvs! gv g xgvb kje{c{vbev cvd geerga refceo%

Jrvjl Oj{9

7%7 G{{c{v cevbxb{vbf kjrevxcb{ cvd vdbcx cfbevcbf ebbf{ hs oxgfrgaas btpgefceo vdb erlhbx j vxgcebf ^ja,

revbbx{ {bx~ceo j~bx{bg{ xjl ?!?;; ce NS 8006 vj 4!000 ce NS 8004! gv g xgvb kje{c{vbev cvd geerga

refceo%

7%8 Hxjgfbe vdb clpgkv j jarevbbx{ je vdb ac~b{ j lbe gef jlbe ce vdbcx dj{v kjllrecvcb{ hs vxge{bx,

xceo vgeochab {mcaa{! g{ lbg{rxbf hs cekxbg{ceo ^jarevbbx{ xbpjxvceo ce vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ kaj{b,j {bx~ckb

{rx~bs vdgv vdbs bxb gfbwrgvbas vj btkbpvcjegaas bbkvc~b ce vxge{bxxceo mejabfob gef {mcaa{ vj

lblhbx{ j vdbcx dj{v kjllrecvs! xjl 40 pbxkbev ce NS 800> vj 48 pbxkbev hs NS 8004%7%; Xbpxb{bev Glbxckge fc~bx{cvs ce Pbgkb Kjxp{ dj{v kjllrecvcb{ hs cekxbg{ceo erlhbx{ j Pbgkb Kjxp{

gppackgev{ xbpxb{bevceo fc~bx{b bvdeckcvcb{ gef pbjpab 20- hs 6 pbxkbev! xjl vdb NS 8002 ab~ba j 86

pbxkbev vj 84 pbxkbev hs NS 8004%

Pxjxl Oj %%%

Cekxbg{b vdb erlhbx j Pbgkb Kjxp{ ^jarevbbx{ vj

?!380 hs NS 800?%

Xb{rav{ gef Gegas{c{9Gv v db bef j NS 800?! 4!0?3 G lbxckge{ bxb {bx~ceo ce ?6 kjrevxcb{ vdxjrod >4 pj{v{ g{ Pbgkb Kjxp{ ^ja,

revbbx{ bekjrxgoceo {r{vgceghab fb~bajplbev gef kxj{{,kravrxga refbx{vgefceo gv vdb oxg{{xjjv{ ab~ba% Vdc{

ab~ba j gkdcb~blbev c{ ejvbjxvds hbkgr{b cv xbpxb{bev{ g dcod jx baf,{bx~ceo ^jarevbbx{ frxceo vdb pbxcjf

kj~bxbf hs vdb pxb{bev {vxgvbock page gef jx vdb gobeks frxceo vdb ag{v ;? sbgx{% Ce gffcvcje! vdb gobeks hxjgf,

bebf cv{ cevbxegvcjega xbgkd cvd vdb gxxc~g a j jarevbbx{ bevbxceo je frvs ce vdb Mceofjl j Kglhjfcg dckd

jpbebf ce NS 800> gef vdb dc{vjxck xbvrxe j vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ vj Bvdcjpcg%

Pxjxlgek Cefckgvjx{ % NS Vgxov NS X{rav{

c% Erlx j e kjrevxs evxc{ 8 7

cc% Pxkevgo j Pgk Kjxp{ jkr{ kjrevxc{ pgxvckcpgvceo cev Px{cfev{ blxoeks Page jx GCF[ Xac $PbPNGX# 700" 700"

ccc% Erlx j Kxc{c{ Kjxp{ jarevx{ $gaa refceo {jrxk{# 700 >6

c~% J~xgaa ~c{cv{ vj {cv 4%> lcaacje 70 lcaacje

0

NS 800? Ojga NS 800? Gkvrga?!380 4!0?3

X{rav{

NS 800; NS 8006 NS 8002 NS 800>

?!2;; ?!?;; ?!470 ?!?63


33/96


Pxjxlgek [kvcje

Xb{rav{ gef Gegas{c{9

Ce gkkjlpac{dceo vdb gobeks { ojga{ jx ljfb{v btpge{cje! vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ kjevcerb{ vj xb{pjef vj vdb erlbx,

jr{ kjrevxcb{ xbwrb{vceo g Pbgkb Kjxp{ pxb{bekb hs jpbeceo eb pxjoxgl{ vdgv jkr{ je lbbvceo vdb recwrb

ebbf{ j vdb dj{v kjrevxs% Ce Gpxca 800?! vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ pagkbf ^jarevbbx{ ce vdb Mceofjl j Kglhjfcg jx

vdb x{v vclb% ^jarevbbx{ caa ga{j gogce hb jxmceo ce Bvdcjpcg cvd vxgcebb{ gxxc~ceo vdbxb ce Jkvjhbx 800?%Vdb gobeks dg{ ga{j kjlpabvbf g{{b{{lbev{ jx eb kjrevxs bevxcb{ ce vdxbb Gxckge kjrevxcb{ gef jeb G{cge

kjrevxs jx kje{cfbxgvcje ce NS 8004%

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ kjevcerb{ vj hb g ~garghab pgxvckcpgev ce vdb Pxb{cfbev{ Blbxobeks Page jx GCF[ Xbacb

$PBPNGX#% Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ dg{ g pxb{bekb ce 70 j vdb 72 PBPNGX jkr{ kjrevxcb{% Bgkd j vdb{b pj{v{ gkvc~bas

pgxvckcpgvbf ce PBPNGX refbf DC^*GCF[ pxjoxgl{ frxceo NS 800?! btpgefceo gef bedgekceo vdbcx jeoj,

ceo bjxv{ ce vdb odv gogce{v vdb pgefblck% Vba~b gffcvcjega pj{v{ ga{j pgxvckcpgvbf ce vdb PBPNGX refbf

pxjoxgl! gef ^jarevbbx{ vdxjrodjrv vdb jxaf cevboxgvbf DC^*GCF[ ggxbeb{{ lb{{gob{ cevj vdbcx jxm% Hs

ac~ceo gef jxmceo gv vdb oxg{{xjjv{ ab~ba ce kjllrecvcb{ gef {pbgmceo vdb ajkga ageorgob! Pbgkb Kjxp{ ^jare,

vbbx{ gxb recwrbas {rcvbf vj {dgxb kravrxgaas gppxjpxcgvb lb{{gob{ ce DC^*GCF[ bfrkgvcje gef pxb~bevcje%

Vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ Kxc{c{ Kjxp{ pxjoxgl {bef{ xbvrxebf Pbgkb Kjxp{ ^jarevbbx{ je {djxv,vbxl g{{coelbev{ vj

g{{c{v cvd kxcvckga kjrevxs ebbf{% Vdc{ {kga sbgx! pxjoxgl{ pxclgxcas {rppjxvbf vdb DC^*GCF[ oajhga pge,

fblck gef fc{g{vbx pxbpgxbfeb{{ gef lcvcogvcje ce kjrevxcb{ pxjeb vj egvrxga fc{g{vbx{% Ce NS 800? Kxc{c{

Kjxp{ {bx~bf ce 70 eb kjrevxcb{9 Bg{vbxe Kgxchhbge $dckd kjlpxc{b{ Gevcorg*Hgxhgfj{! Fjlceckg! Oxb,

egfg! [v% Arkcg! [v% Mcvv{! gef [v% ^cekbev#! Orsgeg! Lgfgog{kgx! Pgeglg! gef vdb Pdcacppceb{% J vdb >6 Kxc{c{

Kjxp{ jarevbbx{ dj {bx~bf! 67 {rppjxvbf DC^*GCF[ pxjoxgl{ ce eceb kjrevxcb{% Kxc{c{ Kjxp{ g a{j {pje{jxbf

g fc{g{vbx pxbpgxbfeb{{ jxm{djp jx vdb Kbevxga Glbxckg*Kgxchhbge {rh,xbocje! pxj~cfceo {vxgvbock xb{pje{b

vxgceceo vj gkcacvgvb rvrxb pgxvckcpgvcje ce fc{g{vbx pxbpgxbfeb{{ gef xb{pje{b%

G {vxgvbock xbg acoelbev j pxcjxcvcb{ ce Iglgckg g ajeo cvd {vg kdgeob{ ce Iglgckg gef Orgvblgag! abf vj g

{djxvgaa j gevckcpgvbf g{{coelbev{ jx vdb Kxc{c{ Kjxp{ ce vdb Kbevxga Glbxckg*Kgxchhbge {rh,xbocje jxNS 800?% B{vghac{dceo g eb pxjoxgl ce vdb Pdcacppceb{! dckd xbwrcxbf dcxceo g pxjibkv kjjxfcegvjx gef bt,

vbe{c~b xbagvcje{dcp hrcafceo gef {cvb fb~bajplbev! ga{j fbagsbf pagkblbev{ gef kjevxchrvbf vj vdb pxjoxgl{

ejv lbbvceo cv{ NS 800? vgxobv{% Vdb pxjkb{{ vj xbwrb{v Kxc{c{ Kjxp{ ^jarevbbx{ dg{ hbbe {vxbglacebf! gef vdb

pxjoxgl btpbkv{ vj xbkbc~b ljxb,vdge,{rkcbev xbwrb{v{ vj lbbv cv{ NS 8004 vgxobv{%

Vdb Glbxckge prhack cekxbg{ceoas r{b{ vdb cevbxebv g{ cv{ pxclgxs {jrxkb vj jhvgce cejxlgvcje% Eb cecvcgvc~b{

jx vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ bh{cvb dg~b cekxbg{bf vxgk vj vdb {cvb hs ge gffcvcjega 38!000 ~c{cvjx{% Ce NS 800?! vdb{b

cecvcgvc~b{ cekarfbf XX[ $xbgaas {clpab {sefckgvcje# bbf{ vj {sefckgvb eb{! b~bev{! gef kjevbev j jarevbbx{

ijrxega{= gef gffceo kjlpbaaceo eb kjevbev vj vdb bh{cvb! {rkd g{ ge cevbxgkvc~b jxaf lgp! g Mbesge {coe

ageorgob pxjibkv! vdb eb Kj~bxfbaa _jxaf _c{b [kdjja{ {cvb! gef ^jarevbbx jckb{ pjfkg{v{%

Pxjxl Oj %%%

Cekxblbevgaas cekxbg{b vdb pbxkbevgob j xb{pjefbev{

vj vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ kaj{b,j,{bx~ckb {rx~bs xbpjxvceo

vdb bbkvc~beb{{ j vxge{bxxceo mejabfob gef {mcaa{

vj lblhbx{ j vdbcx dj{v kjllrecvs g{ gfbwrgvbas

vj btkbpvcjegaas vj 47 pbxkbev hs NS 800?%

NS 800? Ojga NS 800? Gkvrga47" 4>"

X{rav{

NS 800; NS 8006 NS 8002 NS 800>

E*G E*G E*G 4;"

Vdc{ c{ g ebw pbxjxlgekb ojga g{ j NS 800>% Ej fgvg xjl pg{v n{kga sbgx{ c{ g~gcaghab%


34/96


Pxjxlgek [kvcje

Xb{rav{ gef Gegas{c{9

Jeb j vdb Pbgkb Kjxp{ lgce jhibkvc~b{ c{ jx ^jarevbbx{ vj vxge{bx {mcaa{ vj lblhbx{ j vdb kjllrecvcb{ ce

dckd vdbs ac~b gef jxm ce jxfbx vj lgmb g lbgeceora gef {r{vgceghab fcbxbekb ce vdb ac~b{ j vdj{b vdbs

{bx~b% ^jarevbbx{ gxb ce{vxrkvbf je lbvdjf{ vj hrcaf vdb kgpgkcvs j vdb dj{v kjrevxs egvcjega{ cvd djl

vdbs jxm gef vj dbap vbkd {jarvcje{ vdgv caa hb {r{vgceghab cvdce vdb kjllrecvs% Gkkjxfceo vj ^jarevbbx{{r

The Peace Corps Performance and Accountability Report Fiscal Year 2007 annrept2007

Documents