The past and the Future To Continue, Click

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THE PAST AND THE FUTURE

TO CONTINUE, CLICK

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Student Objectives

Students become familiar with basic characters, settings and themes of 1984.

Students will demonstrate the knowledge through the answering of questions

Students will be prepared to enter into classroom discussions based on slide information.

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Table of Contents

If you would like to review a section, click the following to check it out:

1) Orwell2) Winston3) Ministries4) Newspeak5) Winston and Julia6) The Party7) Hate Week/Propaganda8) Goldstein and The Brotherhood9) Ministry of Love10) Conclusion

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Introduction

Instructions:1) Read each slide and take notes as you

go. Remember, you are responsible for this information!

2) If you wish to go back, click the icon in the top right corner…

3) Answer the questions at the end of each section. This will allow you to move on or go back

4) Have fun!

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Introduction

1984- Written by George Orwell

Published in 1949 First major

dystopian work Shares similarities

with “A Brave New World”

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Notes on Orwell

Born Eric Blair, used pen name of George Orwell

Lived in India in his early life.

Supported the British Labour Party

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Orwell’s Pet peeves

Orwell liked socialism, but HATED the USSR

Greatly feared the totalitarian movement of the day

Evident in “Animal Farm”

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Orwell’s World

World War II had just ended

War required great personal sacrifice from English Liberties

Germany’s threat was gone, but Orwell feared a Post-War England and USSR

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Question 1

Of which movement was Orwell highly worried?

1. Socialism2. Labourism3. Totalitarianism4. Capitalism

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IncorrectRemember: Orwell was a member of the Labor

Party and supported Socialism

Try again

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Correct!

Exactly! Orwell supported degrees of socialism, but feared Totalitarianism.

His views on Capitalism were mixed, but he was not threatened by it

Click here to continue

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Part 1

Main character: Winston Smith

Winston means “Normal man”, Smith is the most common last name

Winston is the “everyman”, not a hero, nor a genius

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Winston’s Apartment

Lived in “Victory Gardens”

Department is shabby, dark and dirty

Lives in “Oceania” on “Airstrip One”

Quarrels with the neighbors

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Winston’s job

Works at the Ministry of Truth Job is to edit past new reels to fit the

modern understanding of the Party Works for a large man named

O’Brien Belongs to the Outer Party

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Winston’s Diary

Keeps it in the corner, away from the tele-screen

Writes down his discontent with the Party

Famous Quote “Freedom is the ability to say that 2+2=4. If that is granted, all else follows”

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Winston’s Family

Winston is married, but unhappy

His wife, Katherine, has no dialogue in the novel

The Party keeps them all in a loveless marriage

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Winston: Question 1

Where does Winston work?1. Ministry of Truth2. Ministry of Love3. Ministry of Peace4. Ministry of Love

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Incorrect

Sorry, this Ministry serves another function. Click here to double check the slide.

Try again?

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Correct!

Winston works at the Ministry of Truth

Click here for Question 2

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Winston: Question 2

At the Ministry of Truth, What does Winston do?

1. Read the future

2. Edit the next day’s headlines

3. Edit previous day’s newspapers

4. Clean the lie detectors

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Sorry, not quite!

Click here to re-read the slide or

Click here to try again

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Exactly! Ministry of Truth is dedicated to

fixing the Party’s records to match the past

Click here to continue

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Ministry of Truth

Dedicated to the creation of lies

Edits the past in order to make sure the Party is always correct

Most difficult assignment is erasing all records of those executed by the Party

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Ministry of Plenty

Claims to distribute food and goods to the people

Actually in charge of creating scarcity

Keeps people always in want, never too content

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Ministry of Peace

Claims to keep the peace throughout the world

Actually, the Ministry is the War Organization

Constantly fighting with either Eastasia or Eurasia

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Ministry of Love

The most mysterious of the Ministries

Winston only knows it is like “Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory”

Aka “Nobody ever goes in, Nobody ever goes out”

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What’s up with Ministries? All are lying and ironic “Peace” deals in War, “Truth” deals

in Lies,“Plenty” deals with scarcity

We can only assume that “Love” will deal with something evil

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Ministry Inquiry

What feature do all the Ministries share?They all help out the everyman

They all are open to the public

They all have names which are marketable

They all have duplicitous titles

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Nope, try again

-Think about each Ministry’s title and the job it completes

Try Again

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Exactly

All the Ministries have names with ironic and double meanings. This will be an example of Propaganda (which we will study later)

Click here to continue

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When Winston met Syme

At the cafeteria, Winston meets his friend Syme

Syme tells Winston about the 11th edition of Newspeak

Winston is generally uninterested

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What is Newspeak?

Syme explains it is the “elimination of words”

Examples: “Bad” will become “ungood”, excellent will become “Doubleplusgood”

Adjectives are condensed

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What does Winston think?

Winston is more preoccupied with Syme than Newspeak

Winston knows Syme will be vaporized because he knows too much

Too much thinking is a death sentence in the Party (more later)

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Technical Aspects of Newspeak

Newspeak is official language of the Inner Party, as far paper is concerned

The Proles do not, and never will, learn Newspeak

Newspeak is retroactive, all old literature will be re-written in this form

By 2050, all communication will be Newspeak

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Why worry about it?

Newspeak is Orwell’s idea about the limitation of ideas

The book raises the question “Does Language control ideas”?

“Can ideas exist without a word to express them?”

Think about it…

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Newspeak: Good or Bad?

What does Syme summarize Newspeak as?

1. Creation of a new language2. Computer code for new technology3. Elimination of unnecessary words4. Improved vocabulary with Prole

nouns

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Wrong!

-Not quite. Click here to read again about Newspeak

-Remember: Syme is excited about Newspeak!

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Correct!!

Exactly- Newspeak is the elimination of words, not the creation of new words

Both Winston, and Orwell, saw this idea as extremely dangerous

Click here to continue

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Bonus Question!

By what year is Newspeak supposed to be fully up and running?

1) 20202) 20003) 20104) 2050

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Nope

Sorry, the answer was 2050… Details can be important

sometimes…pay attention.

Click here to continue!

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You’re doing great!

Yes, the answer is 2050! Well done, you’re obviously paying close attention

Click here to continue

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Julia

Member of the Junior Anti-Sex League

Puts on the façade of being “Pro-Party”

Much younger, much more attractive than Winston

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Bad First Impressions

Winston initially hates Julia

Thinks about raping her and then killing her afterwards

Later realizes he hates what she represents, not her

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How they meet…

Julia slips Winston a note, says “I love you

The manage to talk in public and sneak away from the city (lest they raise suspicion)

First meet in the forst, agree to continue seeing each other

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What’s Julia’s problem?

She pretends to support the Party in order to hide from them

Specializes in corrupting Inner Party members

Winston likes her because she is not pure (like the Party’s ideal)

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What now?

Winston and Julia meet in a room with no tele-screen

Room belongs to of Mr. Charrington

They are busy during “Hate Week” but manage to plan their escape afterwards.

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Questions on Julia

Why does Julia join the Junior Anti-Sex League?

1) She is trying to blend in with the Party

2) She wants to be in a group Winston supports

3) She hates the old “family” tradition4) She is a lesbian

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Incorrect

Sorry, good guess, but not quite Julia is much like most things in the

party, not always what they seem..

Click here to try again!

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Exactly!!!

Good job, you’re really doing well

Julia understands that the best way to stay hidden is to “yell and scream with the rest of them” at Hate Week

Click here to continue

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Winston’s motives

Why does Winston cheat on his wife with Julia?

1) She is uncorrupted, unlike his wife2) Winston hates his wife3) She is uncorrupted, much like the Pa

rty4) She is corrupt, unlike the Party’s ide

al

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Incorrect

Click here to review the Winston and Julia slides

(If you need to look closer at the slides, remember, you can always click the “back” arrow before answering questions.)

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You’re right!

Winston loves Julia because she is the OPPOSTIE of the Party

Once he knows she hates the Party, he loves her not matter what

Continue!

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Structure of The Party

Big Brother was the leader of “Oceania”

He led the Party through the “revolution” over the evil “Capitalists” in the past

Big Brother was never seen in person, only on the tele-screens

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Speaking of Telescreens

All members of the Party were constantly watched.

Telescreens were always on and worked both ways

It was impossible to have a moment alone in the world

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Enemies of Oceania

Eastasia and Eurasia were the only two other powers.

War was constant between one of these countries, but they were allies with the others

“Airstrip One” is the 1984 name for England

In addition, the Party was always at War with “The Brotherhood”

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Thoughtcrime: The only crime left Always punishable

by death People were

always in fear of being turned in

Children often turned in parents

Goal was to eliminate bad thoughts forever

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The Inner and Outer Party

Inner Party: Less than 2% of the population, they had most of the power

Outer Party: About 13% of the population, had limited comforts, but very poor by modern standards.

Outer Party members were often most at risk for Thoughtcrime, Inner Party members were usually too brainwashed

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The Party Question

Which crime is the worst in the Party?

1) Treason2) Murder3) Oldspeak4) Thoughtcrime5) Freedom

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Close, but no cigar…

While this may be a bad crime, it was not quite the one the Party hated most…

Try again

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Yes! Just say no…to Thoughtcrime! The Party was always more preoccupied

with controlling thoughts than anything else

Actions were second to thoughts…and it’s hard to hide your thoughts when you’re always watched

Click here to continue…

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What is the new name of England?1) Airbase One2) Oceania3) Eurasia4) Airstrip One

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Incorrect

Good guess, it’s a tricky question.

Click here to try again

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Exactly!! Good job!

While England is in “Oceania”, it is now technically called :

Airstrip One!!

Continue!

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Hate Week!

The Party plans for months for Hate Week

A whole week dedicated to hating Eurasia and the Brotherhood

Uses all the resources of the Outer Party

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Surprise!

At the last minute, The Party switches enemines from Eurasia to Eastasia

The Party denies the switch, says the enemy was always Eastasia

The Brotherhood is blamed

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Why?!?!

The Party must always seek out a scape-goat

The Party switches enemies in order to add hate to the Brotherhood

By hating the outside world, the Party is never blamed for bad things in the world

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Propaganda

A general tactic of appealing to emotions in order to get people to believe something

Examples: the name “Big Brother” makes the people “love” their leader, even though he is their dictator

The Ministry of Truth deals with lies, but advertises itself as truthful

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Hating the Brotherhood

The Brotherhood may be real, but it is also Propaganda

The Party blames it for all the evil in the world

It is designed to make people fear an enemy, while also beating the enemy at every turn (like the Browns)

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Propaganda

What is Propaganda?1) Appeal to the emotions of the public2) An ugly truth dressed up nicely3) A method of control4) An essential part of totalitarian

society5) All of the above

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Yes, but…

Your answer is correct, but there is a better answer.

Click here to try again

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Fantastic!!

Propaganda is all of these things

Above all, Orwell saw the evils of Propaganda in Russia and even the U.S.

It only works if you believe it

Continue!

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The Brotherhood: The Gathering Winston and Julia

approached by O’Brien

Hands him a copy of “The Book” for the Brotherhood

Book is written by Goldstein

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Chapter 3: War is Peace

According to the Book: War is a means of keeping people constantly in want

Wars force people to constantly work, while their goods are used up

Similar to World War I where men are killed in the “meat grinder”

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What is war good for?

Keeps people always unhappy

Distracts people from the real enemy, The Party

Not about conquest, therefore no need to worry about winning and losing

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Why does the Party exist?

Goldstein explains the Party exists only for Power

It cares not for welfare of the people

The Party controls past, present and future, only to stay in Power

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How can the Party be stopped? The Proles They make up 85%

of the population, and are largely unwatched

One problem: They are illiterate and too focused on survival to fight back

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Goldstein: Question 1

Who is Goldstein? (Think back to earlier slides)

1. Leader of Eurasia2. Leader of Eastasia3. Leader of the Brotherhood4. Man who gives Winston “The Book”

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No such luck…

Sorry, start-over

Click here if you need to review notes

Click here to continue questions

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Yes! Now: Question 2

What is War good for?1. Conquest

2. Economic Growth

3. Increased Government Power

4. Use of the Surplus

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Correct! Final Question

What is the goal of the Party?1) To protect and serve2) To control and enslave3) To improve the quality of life4) To defeat the capitalists

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Congratulations!

You have passed the Goldstein section

Click Here to go on to the Ministry of Love with Winston

(the final section before the conclusion!)

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Ministry of Love

Winston and Julia separated after their capture

Vow never to betray each other

O’Brien is revealed to be Winston’s torturer

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Round 1

Winston interrogated by basic Party members

Confesses to anything, including things he never did

The Party doesn’t seem to care; they already know the information

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2+2=?

O’Brien is charged with breaking Winston’s spirit.

Tries to convince him 2+2=5

Winston brought to nothingness, finally forces himself to see what the Party tells him

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Rebuilding

Winston brought back to full health

Left alone for some time

Comfortable in the fact that he and Julia never betray each other

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Room 101

Winston faces his greatest fear: Rats

He fails his test, asks them to “do it to Julia” instead of him

By betraying Julia, he breaks his last part of freedom

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Ministry of Love Question

Why does O’Brien try to make Winston think 2+2=5?

1. O’Brien is bad at math2. O’Brien is attempting to create New

Math3. O’Brien wants Winston to believe lie

s4. O’Brien wants Winston to believe wh

atever he is told

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Interesting…but not quite

Try checking the notes another time. Click here to see them again

Or, Click Here to try the question again

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Fantastic!

O’Brien makes Winston believe whatever he wants him to believe

If you’ve made it this far, congratulations! You’re almost there. Only five slides left!

Click here to continue!

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Aftermath

Winston meets Julia in the café

They’re both cold to each other

They’ve betrayed each other and lost what made them individuals

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Final lines

“He loved Big Brother”

Winston now eliminates the past

He does not merely resist the Party…he loves the leader

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What does this mean?

Orwell worried about the chances of Power corrupting

Saw England as possibly taking away liberties permanently during the War

USSR was a strong influence on 1984

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Legacy

Made into a film in 1984 (appropriately enough)

Mac commercial became one of the best know of all time

Influences continue in pop-culture (The Matrix, Star Trek)

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Was Orwell Right?

Is our world trading liberty for security?

Do governments still aspire to take over permanently?

Was Orwell right? Or just paranoid?

Let us constantly keep alert…

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Final Question

What happens to Winston at the end?

1. He dies defiantly2. He dies after torture3. He lives and joins the Brotherhood4. He lives as a defeated man

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So close!!

Try one more time!

Click here to try to the question again

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WOW!!! YOU DID IT!!

Thank you for playing. If you’ve made it this far, you’re now a 1984 expert. Remember to re-read your notes before the final test. Feel free to skim through the questions in this presentation again

One more slide…

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Review?

If you would like to review a section, click the following to check it out:

1) Orwell2) Winston3) Ministries4) Newspeak5) Winston and Julia6) The Party7) Hate Week/Propaganda8) Goldstein and The Brotherhood9) Ministry of Love10) Conclusion

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Remember…

What’s past is prolouge…. End!