The Passive House Institute US Passive House Concept, History & Economic opportunities for the US Building Sector Katrin Klingenberg Director Passive House Institute US | PHIUS ph: 217.819.7988 p 89 988 [email protected]www.passivehouse.us Chicago June 25, 2008
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The Passive House Institute US Passive House Concept, History & Economic opportunities
The 2000 Watt Society, Novatlantis, ETH Zuerich (www.novatlantis.ch)
World-wide average annual
(Krapmeier and Drossler 2001)
energy consumption per capita :
17,500 kWh per year
=
continuous consumption of 2000 Watts
This corresponds to limiting CO2
(www.novatlantis.ch: vision)
emissions to 1 ton per capita possible by 2050
(500 watts of fossil fuel)
( tl ti h 2000 W tt S i t )
Chicago June 25, 2008
(www.novatlantis.ch: 2000 Watt Society)
IEA World Energy Outlook 2006 :IEA World Energy Outlook 2006 :
Chicago June 25, 2008
Alternative Fuel
Sources to
reduce CO2reduce CO2
Emissions:
1. Nuclear
2 RenewablesCO2 emissions estimated to
2. Renewables
3. Biofuels
4. Efficient Technologies
increase by 56%. 32% in increase still remain
unaccounted for!
Chicago June 25, 2008
Stabilizing CO2
Emissions
until 2030 through:
Passive House Technology
1. Passive House Technology
Renewables IItechnology applied
for all new
construction
2 Renewables II: 2. Renewables II:
Technological advancements in Renewable Technologies
Chicago June 25, 2008
Why Passive House?
Optimize the House… … to the Heating System
Why Passive House?
Chicago June 25, 2008
Passive House: Factor 10 Reduction in Space Conditioning Energy and CO2 EquivalentConditioning Energy and CO2 Equivalent
(Krapmeier and Drossler 2001)
Chicago June 25, 2008
2 Passive House Definition
• US Superinsulation History
Economic Feasibilit as Co e • Economic Feasibility as Core Concept
• Basic Metrics and • Basic Metrics and Requirements to meet the Standard
Chicago June 25, 2008
History of High Performance building in the US:The Small Homes Council
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign:Wayne Schick’s Team develops the Lo-Cal House in 1974-76
Walls:
Double stud
WallsWalls,
R-30
Roof:
R-40
Chicago June 25, 2008
Amory and Hunter Lovins finish the Rocky
Mountain Institute
in Snowmass, Colorado in 1984
“Tunneling through the cost barrier”Amory Lovins
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Eugene Leger builds the Leger House in Eastern Massachusetts in the US in 1979
The Leger House looked like a conventional American home heated only The Leger House looked like a conventional American home, heated only by its own water heater
It was widely published and inspired William Shurcliff, a Harvard physicist/author on solar heated homes to a press release on physicist/author on solar heated homes to a press release on superinsulation
Larger developments followed in Canada in 1980 (14 superinsulated homes, in Minnesota (140 superinsulated homes)homes, in Minnesota (140 superinsulated homes)
1982-83 Canada sponsors the R2000 program with free training for builders and small subsidies to offset cost and requirement for an airtightness test: a blower-door test. Over 1000 homes were built.airtightness test: a blower door test. Over 1000 homes were built.
Conservative estimate of total superinsulated homes 1985 in the states and Canada is 10,000.
Chicago June 25, 2008
Economic Feasibility as Core Concept:The Passive House Concept was further developed
in the early 1990s by Dr. Wolfgang Feist and Professor Bo Adamson following the early super-
i l i k i N h A i insulation work in North America
First Passive House Prototype built in 1990 in Kranichstein, Germany(W F i t 2006) Kranichstein, Germany
70-80% reduction in overall energy consumption, 90-95% reduction of heating and cooling energy
PASSIVHAUS
INSTITUT
(W. Feist 2006)
The German Passivhaus Institut (PHI) was founded in 1996, coordinating the concept as a
building system, science of energy g y , gymodeling/verification and development of Passive
House components.
Chicago June 25, 2008
Eliminating the conventional Heating System for Market Viability:Market Viability:
Cost asymptote occurs when standard heating system is eliminated
Chicago June 25, 2008
Passive House Requirements:Passive House Requirements:
Requirements: SI Units IPRequirements: SI Units IP Units
Annual Heating Energy Demand ≤15 kWh/(m2a) ≤4750 Btu/ft2( t fl )(per net floor area)
Annual Cooling Energy Demand ≤15 kWh/(m2a) ≤4750 Btu/ft2(per net floor area)
Annual Total Primary Energy Demand ≤120 kWh/m2 ≤11.1 kWh/ft2
Air Leakage @ 50 Pa n50≤0.6 ACH n50≤0.1 CFM
Chicago June 25, 2008
Passive House recommendationsPassive House recommendationsRecommendations: SI Units IP