LISE HANNESTAD THE PARIS PAINTER AN ETRUSCAN VASE-PAINTER Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser 47,2 Kommissionær: Munksgaard København 1974
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Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser 47,2
Kommissionær: Munksgaard København 1974
D et Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab udgiver følgende publikationsrækker:
The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and L etters issues the following series of publications:
Oversigt over Selskabets Virksomhed (8°) (Annual in Danish)
Historisk-filosoflske Meddelelser (8°) Historisk-filosofiske Skrifter (4°)
(History, Philology, Philosophy, Archeology, Art History)
Matematisk-fysiske Meddelelser (8°) Matematisk-fysiske Skrifter (4°)
( Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Astronomy, Geology)
Biologiske Meddelelser (8°) Biologiske Skrifter (4°)
(Botany, Zoology, General Biology)
Bibliographical Abbreviation Overs. Dan. Vid. Selsk.
Hist. Filos. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. Hist. Filos. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selsk.
Mat. Fys. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. Mat. Fys. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selsk.
Biol. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. Biol. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selsk.
Selskabets sekretariat og postadresse: Dantes Plads 5, 1556 København V. The address of the secretariate of the Academy is:
Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Dantes Plads 5, DK-1556 Copenhagen V. Denmark.
Selskabets kommissionær: Mu n k sg a a r d ’s Boghandel Nørregade 6, 1165 København K.
The publications are sold by the agent o f the Academy: Mu n k sg a a r d , Ltd. 6, Norregade, DK-1165 Copenhagen K. Denmark.
LISE HANNESTAD
Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser 47,2
Kommissionær: Munksgaard København 1974
Translated by Me t t e Mo l t e s e n M.A. Drawings by P oul P e d e r s e n .
P R IN T E D IN D E N M A R K B IA N C O L U N O S B O G T R Y K K E R I A /S
Preface My th an k s are especially due to P rofessor, d r. ph il. P. J . Riis,
w h o has tak en a g rea t in terest in m y w o rk a n d has m ade m an y va luab le suggestions.
I shou ld also like to th a n k the U niversity o f A arhus for f in an cial sup po rt m ak ing m y studies ab ro ad possible.
In add ition , I am in d eb ted to the m an y m useu m authorities, w ho have k in d ly perm itted m e to p u b lish the pho tog raph s used in the p resen t p a p e r a n d w ho assisted m e d u ring m y visits to the vario us m useum s. I am p a rticu la rly gra tefu l to the au tho rities of the V ictoria a n d A lbert M useum for perm ission to p u b lish the kvathos no. 66740, to C onservateur R. D elagneau of the M usée des B eaux Arts et d ’Archéologie in B oulogne-sur-M er for p e rm is sion to p u b lish the oinochoe no. 158, to Dr. E. P au l from the K arl-M arx-U niversität in Leipzig for in fo rm ation ab o u t the frag m ent T 328, to Dr. A nn B irchall o f the B ritish M useum for in fo rm a tion ab o u t the p rov enan ce of the am p h o ra B 57, an d to Dr. G un- tram Beckel of the M artin von W agner M useum in W ü rzb u rg for allow ing m e to pu b lish new ph o tograph s o f the am p h o ra no. 779 tak en for a fo rthcom ing vo lum e of CVA. F in a lly specia l th a n k s are due to the D eutsches A rchäologisches Institu t in Rom e for perm ission to pu b lish a large n u m b er of th e ir ph o tog raph s a n d for in fo rm ation from books no t availab le in D enm ark .
L ist of A bbreviations Albizzati - C. Albizzati, Vasi antichi dipinti del Vaticano. Amyx - D. A. Amyx, A Pontic Oinochoe in Seattle, Hommages ä Albert
Grenier (Collection Latomus vol. LVIII), 1962, p. 121 ff. Andren Arch. Ter. - A. Andren, Architectural Terracottas from Etrus-
co-Italic Temples (Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Institutet i Rom VI), 1940.Baur — Paul V. C. Baur, Centaurs in Ancient Art, 1912.
Beazley EVP - J. D. Beazley, Etruscan Vase-Painting, 1947. Boehlau, Nekropolen - J. Boehlau, Aus jonischen und italischen Nekro
polen, 1898.Dohrn — T. Dohrn, Die schwarzfigurigen etruskischen Vasen aus der zweiten Hälfte des sechsten Jahrhunderts, 1937.
Ducati — P. Ducati, Pontische Vasen, 1932. F.R. - A. Furtwängler - K. Reichhold, Grieschische Vasenmalerei I-
III, 1904-1932.Hampe - Simon - R. Hampe - E. Simon, Griechische Sagen in der frühen etruskischen Kunst, 1964.
Helbig, Führer - W. Helbig, Führer durch die öffentlichen Sammlungen klassischer Altertümer in Rom.
Hemelrijk - J. M. Hemelrijk, De Caeretaanse Hydriae, 1956. Jacobsthal, Ornament - P. Jacobsthal, Ornamente griechischer Vasen,
1927.Langlotz - E. Langlotz, Griechische Vasen in Würzburg, 1932. Langlotz, Zur Zeitbestimmung - E. Langlotz, Zur Zeitbestimmung der
strengrotfigurigen Vasenmalerei und der gleichzeitigen Plastik, 1920. Mingazzini — P. Mingazzini, Vasi della Collezione Castellani I, 1930. Payne — H. Payne, Necrocorinthia, 1931. Sieveking - Hackl - J. Sieveking - R. Hackl, Die königliche Vasen
sammlung zu München, 1912. The titles of periodicals are abbreviated according to the list of abbre viations in Archäologische Bibliographie des deutschen archäologischen Instituts.
The P aris Painter - an Etruscan V ase-Painter Since D ohrn w rote h is p a p e r on E tru scan b lack-figured vase-
p a in tin g 1, in w h ich he m ade an a ttem p t to divide the group of Pontic vases into the w orks o f four different vase-pain te rs and the ir w o rk sh o p s2, a w hole series o f new vases have been ad d ed to this g ro u p 23. M any of these have been ascribed to specific m asters on the basis of D o h rn ’s classification w h ich is generally accep ted3. Am yx, how ever, in his pu b lica tion of an oinochoe in Seattle, expresses certa in doub ts ab o u t som e o f the a ttribu tio ns to the P aris P a in te r4. D o h rn ’s w o rk is m ain ly con cern ed w ith m aster a ttribu tio ns an d the sub sequ en t lite ra tu re on th is group of vases com prises either sho rt su m m arie s5, or pub lica tions of single vases6.
T his is the b ack g ro u n d for the follow ing a ttem p t to give a m ore exact descrip tion of the m ost significant of the Pontic vase-pain te rs, the P aris P a in te r7.
T he nam e-p iece of the P aris P a in ter is, as is w ell know n, the am p h o ra in M unich 837 (cat. no. 1) also tak en by D ohrn as his starting point. On the belly of the vase there is an an im al frieze w ith lions, p an th ers , griffins, an d sirens. A p art from this there are oxen, a dog, an d a b ird in the figure frieze, so th a t there is, all in all, a rep resen ta tive selection of an im als from w h ich it is possible to isolate certa in basic charac teristic features. One m ust em phasize the incision on the fron t legs of the an im als (fig. 1), the fron t p a r t of the lion s’ m anes w h ich are d iv ided in tw o an d covered by ad d ed w hite p a in t (fig. 2), an d the facia l d raw ing of the pan th e rs (fig. 3). F u rth e r there is a th ree- or four-stroke zigzag at the knee jo in t on the h in d legs of the an im als, a t tim es w ith a cu rved line in fron t (fig. 4). T he sho u lder is ind ica ted by a k ind o f doub le a rch (fig. 5), its te rm ina tio n on the b ack co rresponds to a s im ilar a rch on the h in d qu a rte rs . N early all the an im als have a w hite belly delim ited by incision. T he necks of the oxen are covered by co loured stripes. S im ilar stripes in red are used for ren d erin g the rib s an d the m uscles on the h in d qu a rte rs of the
6 Nr. 2
Figs. 1-5 and 7,
N r. 2 7 an im als. T he head s o f the oxen are separa ted from the neck , and the ho rn s from the h ead by hatch ing , w hile the m uzzles are delineated by an S -shaped line (fig. 6). T he eye su rro un d in gs of the oxen a n d lions are suggested by sho rt strokes (figs. 2 an d 6). O n the h ind legs are often seen a p a ir o f sho rt cu rved strokes. T he d raw ing of the paw consists of a cu rved or crooked incision.
D etail by detail these tra its are foun d on the an im als on a w hole series of vases: A m phorae : W ü rzb u rg 778 (cat. no. 2), V atican 231 (cat. no. 3 )8, M usei C apitolini 95 an d 91 (cat. nos. 4 an d 5), M ünzen u n d M edail len X V III, 141 (cat. no. 6), Ars A ntiqua III , 113 (cat. no. 7), M ünzen u n d M edaillen X X II, 192 (cat. no. 8), M etropolitan M u seum 55.11.1 (cat. no. 9), an d 55.7 (cat. no. 10), Orvieto 2665 (cat. no. 31), L ouvre E 704 (cat. no. 29), B ritish M useum B 57 (cat. no. 11), N apoli, H eydem ann no. 6488 (ca t. no. 25) Rom e M arket (cat. no. 26), T a rq u in ia 529 an d RC 1051 (cat. nos. 13 an d 14), Villa G iulia (cat. no. 16), O xford 1961.529 (cat. no. 17), Hei-
Fig. 6.
delberg 59/5 (cat. no. 18), B iblio thèque N ationale 172 (cat. no. 19), C am bridge G 43 (cat. no. 20), B erlin F 1675 (cat. no. 21), C erveteri (cat. no. 22). On cat. nos. 14 an d 16-22 the choice of an d an im als consists m erely of ho rses’ or c en tau rs ’ bodies, b u t they do, how ever, show a sufficient n u m b er o f the above-m entioned details to m ake the a ttribu tio n certain .
8 Nr. 2 O inochoai: Seattle Cs 20.26 (cat. no. 24 )9, B ritish M useum B 54 (cat. no. 2 3 )10 and B oulogne-sur-M er 158 (cat. no. 3 9 )11. N ikosthenic a m ph ora : B erlin F 1885 (cat. no. 37). P la te : B iblio thèque N ationale 187 (cat. no. 38). Stem m ed ky a th o s : V ictoria and A lbert M useum 66740 (cat. no. 27).
T hough it is above all in the d raw ing of an im als th a t the P aris P a in te r clings to traits once devised , there are also m any s ta n d a rd features in the renderin g of h u m an beings and objects. Men an d cen tau rs have a characteristic facial profile w ith a long, often
8 a 8b
Figs. 8 a-b.
droop ing nose. T he eyes of bo th m en an d w om en are a lm ond- sh ap ed . At the w rist an d elbow there is often a sm all incised sem i circle. T he ca lf m uscle is ren d ered by a cu rved incision, an d the ank le by a hook. The knee is shap ed as in fig. 8 a or b 12. T he fem oral m uscle is often ren d ered by a cu rved incision p ara lle l to the b ack con to ur of the leg. On an am p h o ra in the Ny C arlsberg G lyptotek (cat. no. 28), the m en once m ore show the charac teristic profile. T hey are show n w alk ing in a procession , in the sam e m an n e r as on the M usei C apito lin i 95 (cat. no. 4). On bo th vases the m en are dressed in c loaks th a t cover one arm , the con tour of w h ich is ren d ered by incision. T he c loaks have a b o rd e r along the bo ttom edge an d cling to the bo dy at the back , w hile hanging m ore loosely in front. All c a rry keryk eia or o ther rods in one h a n d w hile they stretch the o ther fo rw ard . S im ilar c loak (a n d ch iton) c lad m en in a procession w ere seen on O rvieto 2665 (cat. no. 31). P riam on M unich 837 (cat. no. 1) belongs to the sam e
Nr. 2 9 race of w alk ing gentlem en. F u rth erm o re he is a b ro th er of the old m en on M etropolitan M useum 55.7 (cat. no. 10) an d L ouvre E 704 (cat. no. 29) w ith his w hite b ea rd an d ha ir. On W ü rzb urg 778 (cat. no. 2), M etropolitan M useum 55.11.1 (cat. no. 9), a n d 55.7 (cat. no. 10), B erlin F 1675 (cat. no. 21), an d the Cerveteri a m p h o ra (cat. no. 22), a row of cen taurs are seen w alk ing along in a s im ilar w ay. In s tead of ho ld ing rods they all ca rry a tree over the ir shou lders, the roo t of w hich is split in two or th re e 13, w hile they stretch the o ther h a n d fo rw ard like the w alk ing m en. A thena, A phrod ite a n d P aris in M unich 837 (cat. no. 1) have the ir h a ir d iv ided into single w avy strand s tu rn ed up at the tips. A sim ilar h a ir style can be seen w orn by the m en on B iblio thèque N ationale 172 (cat. no. 19) a n d the g iant on C am bridge G 43 (cat. no. 20). T he w arrio rs on an am p h o ra in the D an ish N ational M useum (cat. no. 12) are like b ro thers of the w arrio rs on the two fo rm er vases. F u rth erm o re , on the an im als in the belly frieze14 ap p ea r som e of the a lread y en u m era ted characteristic details, som e, how ever, ra th e r w eakened . On B ritish M useum B 57 (cat. no. 11) there are, on the figure frieze, cau ld ron s w ith snake pro tom es like those on B iblio thèque N ationale 172 (cat. no. 19). T he chario ts on H ei delberg 59/5 (cat. no. 18) an d the Villa Giulia am p h o ra (cat. no. 16) are nearly iden tical, w hile the w arrio r on the la tte r looks very m uch like the w arrio r on the A-side of L ouvre E 704 (cat. no. 29).
Physiognom y, h a ir styles an d anatom ical details m ake it c lear th a t also Orvieto 463 (cat. no. 30) V ienna 3952 (cat. no. 32) an d the im perfectly preserved am p h o ra in Villa G iulia, C astellani 412 (cat. no. 33 )15 are w orks by the P aris P ain ter.
T he P aris P a in te r h as a taste for vegetation in his com posi tions, in an im a l friezes as w ell as in figure friezes. His favourite is a stra igh t stem w ith po in ted leaves16, b u t m an y o ther types are found , for instance on H eidelberg 59/5 (cat. no. 18), M etropolitan M useum 55.7 (cat. no. 10) an d L ouvre E 704 (cat. no. 29).
T he o rn am en ta tio n on the vases m entioned above is very v aried , in m otifs as w ell as in the execution of these. Most freq u en t are m otifs in corpo ra ting lotus and palm ette . T he lotus blossom is foun d in th ree m ain versions: type 1 has a sq u are floral receptacle w ith all the petals grow ing out of it17. In type 2 the floral recep tacle is ro u n d ed and only the two ou ter petals are a ttached to it, w h ereas the peta l (o r pe ta ls) in the m idd le “ floats” over it an d has a ro u n d ed edge below . In this type the floral recep tacle is
10 Nr. 2 d iv ided into two by in c isio n18. On the Villa Giulia am p h o ra (cat. no. 16) there is a w holly dissolved version of type 2, the floral recep tacle hav ing literally d isap p ea red . A nom alous are cat. nos. 25 a n d 26 w here the b lossom has also d isin tegrated , b u t w here the ou ter petals suggest a sq u a re receptacle. T ype 3 is a h y b rid w here the recep tacle is m ore ro u n d ed th an in type 1 an d w here a ll the peta ls are a ttached to it19.
T he…
Kommissionær: Munksgaard København 1974
D et Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab udgiver følgende publikationsrækker:
The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and L etters issues the following series of publications:
Oversigt over Selskabets Virksomhed (8°) (Annual in Danish)
Historisk-filosoflske Meddelelser (8°) Historisk-filosofiske Skrifter (4°)
(History, Philology, Philosophy, Archeology, Art History)
Matematisk-fysiske Meddelelser (8°) Matematisk-fysiske Skrifter (4°)
( Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Astronomy, Geology)
Biologiske Meddelelser (8°) Biologiske Skrifter (4°)
(Botany, Zoology, General Biology)
Bibliographical Abbreviation Overs. Dan. Vid. Selsk.
Hist. Filos. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. Hist. Filos. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selsk.
Mat. Fys. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. Mat. Fys. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selsk.
Biol. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. Biol. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selsk.
Selskabets sekretariat og postadresse: Dantes Plads 5, 1556 København V. The address of the secretariate of the Academy is:
Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Dantes Plads 5, DK-1556 Copenhagen V. Denmark.
Selskabets kommissionær: Mu n k sg a a r d ’s Boghandel Nørregade 6, 1165 København K.
The publications are sold by the agent o f the Academy: Mu n k sg a a r d , Ltd. 6, Norregade, DK-1165 Copenhagen K. Denmark.
LISE HANNESTAD
Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser 47,2
Kommissionær: Munksgaard København 1974
Translated by Me t t e Mo l t e s e n M.A. Drawings by P oul P e d e r s e n .
P R IN T E D IN D E N M A R K B IA N C O L U N O S B O G T R Y K K E R I A /S
Preface My th an k s are especially due to P rofessor, d r. ph il. P. J . Riis,
w h o has tak en a g rea t in terest in m y w o rk a n d has m ade m an y va luab le suggestions.
I shou ld also like to th a n k the U niversity o f A arhus for f in an cial sup po rt m ak ing m y studies ab ro ad possible.
In add ition , I am in d eb ted to the m an y m useu m authorities, w ho have k in d ly perm itted m e to p u b lish the pho tog raph s used in the p resen t p a p e r a n d w ho assisted m e d u ring m y visits to the vario us m useum s. I am p a rticu la rly gra tefu l to the au tho rities of the V ictoria a n d A lbert M useum for perm ission to p u b lish the kvathos no. 66740, to C onservateur R. D elagneau of the M usée des B eaux Arts et d ’Archéologie in B oulogne-sur-M er for p e rm is sion to p u b lish the oinochoe no. 158, to Dr. E. P au l from the K arl-M arx-U niversität in Leipzig for in fo rm ation ab o u t the frag m ent T 328, to Dr. A nn B irchall o f the B ritish M useum for in fo rm a tion ab o u t the p rov enan ce of the am p h o ra B 57, an d to Dr. G un- tram Beckel of the M artin von W agner M useum in W ü rzb u rg for allow ing m e to pu b lish new ph o tograph s o f the am p h o ra no. 779 tak en for a fo rthcom ing vo lum e of CVA. F in a lly specia l th a n k s are due to the D eutsches A rchäologisches Institu t in Rom e for perm ission to pu b lish a large n u m b er of th e ir ph o tog raph s a n d for in fo rm ation from books no t availab le in D enm ark .
L ist of A bbreviations Albizzati - C. Albizzati, Vasi antichi dipinti del Vaticano. Amyx - D. A. Amyx, A Pontic Oinochoe in Seattle, Hommages ä Albert
Grenier (Collection Latomus vol. LVIII), 1962, p. 121 ff. Andren Arch. Ter. - A. Andren, Architectural Terracottas from Etrus-
co-Italic Temples (Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Institutet i Rom VI), 1940.Baur — Paul V. C. Baur, Centaurs in Ancient Art, 1912.
Beazley EVP - J. D. Beazley, Etruscan Vase-Painting, 1947. Boehlau, Nekropolen - J. Boehlau, Aus jonischen und italischen Nekro
polen, 1898.Dohrn — T. Dohrn, Die schwarzfigurigen etruskischen Vasen aus der zweiten Hälfte des sechsten Jahrhunderts, 1937.
Ducati — P. Ducati, Pontische Vasen, 1932. F.R. - A. Furtwängler - K. Reichhold, Grieschische Vasenmalerei I-
III, 1904-1932.Hampe - Simon - R. Hampe - E. Simon, Griechische Sagen in der frühen etruskischen Kunst, 1964.
Helbig, Führer - W. Helbig, Führer durch die öffentlichen Sammlungen klassischer Altertümer in Rom.
Hemelrijk - J. M. Hemelrijk, De Caeretaanse Hydriae, 1956. Jacobsthal, Ornament - P. Jacobsthal, Ornamente griechischer Vasen,
1927.Langlotz - E. Langlotz, Griechische Vasen in Würzburg, 1932. Langlotz, Zur Zeitbestimmung - E. Langlotz, Zur Zeitbestimmung der
strengrotfigurigen Vasenmalerei und der gleichzeitigen Plastik, 1920. Mingazzini — P. Mingazzini, Vasi della Collezione Castellani I, 1930. Payne — H. Payne, Necrocorinthia, 1931. Sieveking - Hackl - J. Sieveking - R. Hackl, Die königliche Vasen
sammlung zu München, 1912. The titles of periodicals are abbreviated according to the list of abbre viations in Archäologische Bibliographie des deutschen archäologischen Instituts.
The P aris Painter - an Etruscan V ase-Painter Since D ohrn w rote h is p a p e r on E tru scan b lack-figured vase-
p a in tin g 1, in w h ich he m ade an a ttem p t to divide the group of Pontic vases into the w orks o f four different vase-pain te rs and the ir w o rk sh o p s2, a w hole series o f new vases have been ad d ed to this g ro u p 23. M any of these have been ascribed to specific m asters on the basis of D o h rn ’s classification w h ich is generally accep ted3. Am yx, how ever, in his pu b lica tion of an oinochoe in Seattle, expresses certa in doub ts ab o u t som e o f the a ttribu tio ns to the P aris P a in te r4. D o h rn ’s w o rk is m ain ly con cern ed w ith m aster a ttribu tio ns an d the sub sequ en t lite ra tu re on th is group of vases com prises either sho rt su m m arie s5, or pub lica tions of single vases6.
T his is the b ack g ro u n d for the follow ing a ttem p t to give a m ore exact descrip tion of the m ost significant of the Pontic vase-pain te rs, the P aris P a in te r7.
T he nam e-p iece of the P aris P a in ter is, as is w ell know n, the am p h o ra in M unich 837 (cat. no. 1) also tak en by D ohrn as his starting point. On the belly of the vase there is an an im al frieze w ith lions, p an th ers , griffins, an d sirens. A p art from this there are oxen, a dog, an d a b ird in the figure frieze, so th a t there is, all in all, a rep resen ta tive selection of an im als from w h ich it is possible to isolate certa in basic charac teristic features. One m ust em phasize the incision on the fron t legs of the an im als (fig. 1), the fron t p a r t of the lion s’ m anes w h ich are d iv ided in tw o an d covered by ad d ed w hite p a in t (fig. 2), an d the facia l d raw ing of the pan th e rs (fig. 3). F u rth e r there is a th ree- or four-stroke zigzag at the knee jo in t on the h in d legs of the an im als, a t tim es w ith a cu rved line in fron t (fig. 4). T he sho u lder is ind ica ted by a k ind o f doub le a rch (fig. 5), its te rm ina tio n on the b ack co rresponds to a s im ilar a rch on the h in d qu a rte rs . N early all the an im als have a w hite belly delim ited by incision. T he necks of the oxen are covered by co loured stripes. S im ilar stripes in red are used for ren d erin g the rib s an d the m uscles on the h in d qu a rte rs of the
6 Nr. 2
Figs. 1-5 and 7,
N r. 2 7 an im als. T he head s o f the oxen are separa ted from the neck , and the ho rn s from the h ead by hatch ing , w hile the m uzzles are delineated by an S -shaped line (fig. 6). T he eye su rro un d in gs of the oxen a n d lions are suggested by sho rt strokes (figs. 2 an d 6). O n the h ind legs are often seen a p a ir o f sho rt cu rved strokes. T he d raw ing of the paw consists of a cu rved or crooked incision.
D etail by detail these tra its are foun d on the an im als on a w hole series of vases: A m phorae : W ü rzb u rg 778 (cat. no. 2), V atican 231 (cat. no. 3 )8, M usei C apitolini 95 an d 91 (cat. nos. 4 an d 5), M ünzen u n d M edail len X V III, 141 (cat. no. 6), Ars A ntiqua III , 113 (cat. no. 7), M ünzen u n d M edaillen X X II, 192 (cat. no. 8), M etropolitan M u seum 55.11.1 (cat. no. 9), an d 55.7 (cat. no. 10), Orvieto 2665 (cat. no. 31), L ouvre E 704 (cat. no. 29), B ritish M useum B 57 (cat. no. 11), N apoli, H eydem ann no. 6488 (ca t. no. 25) Rom e M arket (cat. no. 26), T a rq u in ia 529 an d RC 1051 (cat. nos. 13 an d 14), Villa G iulia (cat. no. 16), O xford 1961.529 (cat. no. 17), Hei-
Fig. 6.
delberg 59/5 (cat. no. 18), B iblio thèque N ationale 172 (cat. no. 19), C am bridge G 43 (cat. no. 20), B erlin F 1675 (cat. no. 21), C erveteri (cat. no. 22). On cat. nos. 14 an d 16-22 the choice of an d an im als consists m erely of ho rses’ or c en tau rs ’ bodies, b u t they do, how ever, show a sufficient n u m b er o f the above-m entioned details to m ake the a ttribu tio n certain .
8 Nr. 2 O inochoai: Seattle Cs 20.26 (cat. no. 24 )9, B ritish M useum B 54 (cat. no. 2 3 )10 and B oulogne-sur-M er 158 (cat. no. 3 9 )11. N ikosthenic a m ph ora : B erlin F 1885 (cat. no. 37). P la te : B iblio thèque N ationale 187 (cat. no. 38). Stem m ed ky a th o s : V ictoria and A lbert M useum 66740 (cat. no. 27).
T hough it is above all in the d raw ing of an im als th a t the P aris P a in te r clings to traits once devised , there are also m any s ta n d a rd features in the renderin g of h u m an beings and objects. Men an d cen tau rs have a characteristic facial profile w ith a long, often
8 a 8b
Figs. 8 a-b.
droop ing nose. T he eyes of bo th m en an d w om en are a lm ond- sh ap ed . At the w rist an d elbow there is often a sm all incised sem i circle. T he ca lf m uscle is ren d ered by a cu rved incision, an d the ank le by a hook. The knee is shap ed as in fig. 8 a or b 12. T he fem oral m uscle is often ren d ered by a cu rved incision p ara lle l to the b ack con to ur of the leg. On an am p h o ra in the Ny C arlsberg G lyptotek (cat. no. 28), the m en once m ore show the charac teristic profile. T hey are show n w alk ing in a procession , in the sam e m an n e r as on the M usei C apito lin i 95 (cat. no. 4). On bo th vases the m en are dressed in c loaks th a t cover one arm , the con tour of w h ich is ren d ered by incision. T he c loaks have a b o rd e r along the bo ttom edge an d cling to the bo dy at the back , w hile hanging m ore loosely in front. All c a rry keryk eia or o ther rods in one h a n d w hile they stretch the o ther fo rw ard . S im ilar c loak (a n d ch iton) c lad m en in a procession w ere seen on O rvieto 2665 (cat. no. 31). P riam on M unich 837 (cat. no. 1) belongs to the sam e
Nr. 2 9 race of w alk ing gentlem en. F u rth erm o re he is a b ro th er of the old m en on M etropolitan M useum 55.7 (cat. no. 10) an d L ouvre E 704 (cat. no. 29) w ith his w hite b ea rd an d ha ir. On W ü rzb urg 778 (cat. no. 2), M etropolitan M useum 55.11.1 (cat. no. 9), a n d 55.7 (cat. no. 10), B erlin F 1675 (cat. no. 21), an d the Cerveteri a m p h o ra (cat. no. 22), a row of cen taurs are seen w alk ing along in a s im ilar w ay. In s tead of ho ld ing rods they all ca rry a tree over the ir shou lders, the roo t of w hich is split in two or th re e 13, w hile they stretch the o ther h a n d fo rw ard like the w alk ing m en. A thena, A phrod ite a n d P aris in M unich 837 (cat. no. 1) have the ir h a ir d iv ided into single w avy strand s tu rn ed up at the tips. A sim ilar h a ir style can be seen w orn by the m en on B iblio thèque N ationale 172 (cat. no. 19) a n d the g iant on C am bridge G 43 (cat. no. 20). T he w arrio rs on an am p h o ra in the D an ish N ational M useum (cat. no. 12) are like b ro thers of the w arrio rs on the two fo rm er vases. F u rth erm o re , on the an im als in the belly frieze14 ap p ea r som e of the a lread y en u m era ted characteristic details, som e, how ever, ra th e r w eakened . On B ritish M useum B 57 (cat. no. 11) there are, on the figure frieze, cau ld ron s w ith snake pro tom es like those on B iblio thèque N ationale 172 (cat. no. 19). T he chario ts on H ei delberg 59/5 (cat. no. 18) an d the Villa Giulia am p h o ra (cat. no. 16) are nearly iden tical, w hile the w arrio r on the la tte r looks very m uch like the w arrio r on the A-side of L ouvre E 704 (cat. no. 29).
Physiognom y, h a ir styles an d anatom ical details m ake it c lear th a t also Orvieto 463 (cat. no. 30) V ienna 3952 (cat. no. 32) an d the im perfectly preserved am p h o ra in Villa G iulia, C astellani 412 (cat. no. 33 )15 are w orks by the P aris P ain ter.
T he P aris P a in te r h as a taste for vegetation in his com posi tions, in an im a l friezes as w ell as in figure friezes. His favourite is a stra igh t stem w ith po in ted leaves16, b u t m an y o ther types are found , for instance on H eidelberg 59/5 (cat. no. 18), M etropolitan M useum 55.7 (cat. no. 10) an d L ouvre E 704 (cat. no. 29).
T he o rn am en ta tio n on the vases m entioned above is very v aried , in m otifs as w ell as in the execution of these. Most freq u en t are m otifs in corpo ra ting lotus and palm ette . T he lotus blossom is foun d in th ree m ain versions: type 1 has a sq u are floral receptacle w ith all the petals grow ing out of it17. In type 2 the floral recep tacle is ro u n d ed and only the two ou ter petals are a ttached to it, w h ereas the peta l (o r pe ta ls) in the m idd le “ floats” over it an d has a ro u n d ed edge below . In this type the floral recep tacle is
10 Nr. 2 d iv ided into two by in c isio n18. On the Villa Giulia am p h o ra (cat. no. 16) there is a w holly dissolved version of type 2, the floral recep tacle hav ing literally d isap p ea red . A nom alous are cat. nos. 25 a n d 26 w here the b lossom has also d isin tegrated , b u t w here the ou ter petals suggest a sq u a re receptacle. T ype 3 is a h y b rid w here the recep tacle is m ore ro u n d ed th an in type 1 an d w here a ll the peta ls are a ttached to it19.
T he…
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