The Original Folk and Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm
Mar 16, 2023
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The Original Folk and Fairy Tales of the Brothers GrimmT H E O R I G I N A L F O L K A N D F A I R Y T A L E S O F
T H E B R O T H E R S G R I M M
P r i n c eto n U n i v er s i t y P r ess Princeton and Oxford
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm
Copyright © 2014 by Princeton University Press Illustrations copyright © Andrea Dezsö 2014 Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TW
press.princeton.edu
All Rights Reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Grimm, Jacob, 1785–1863. [Kinder- und Hausmärchen. English. 2015] The Original Folk and Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm : the Complete First Edition / [ Jacob Grimm, Wilhelm Grimm ; translated by] Jack Zipes ; [illustrated by Andrea Dezsö]. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-691-16059-7 (hardback : acid-free paper) 1. Fairy tales—Germany. 2. Tales— Germany. 3. Folklore—Germany. I. Grimm, Wilhelm, 1786–1859. II. Zipes, Jack, 1937– III. Dezsö, Andrea. IV. Title. GR166.G54313 2015 398.20943—dc23 2014004127
British Library Cataloging- in- Publication Data is available
This book has been composed in Garamond Premier Pro
Printed on acid- free paper. ∞
Printed in Canada
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
my interest in folk and fairy tales
C O N T E N T S
List of Figures xv Acknowledgments xvii Introduction: Rediscovering the Original Tales of the
Brothers Grimm xix Note on the Text and Translation xlv
Volume I
preface to volume i 3 1. The Frog King, or Iron Henry (Der Froschkönig oder der
eiserne Heinrich) 13 2. The Companionship of the Cat and Mouse (Katz und Maus
in Gesellschaft) 16 3. The Virgin Mary’s Child (Marienkind) 17 4. Good Bowling and Card Playing (Gut Kegel- und Kartenspiel) 21 5. The Wolf and the Seven Kids (Der Wolf und die sieben jungen
Geißlein) 23 6. The Nightingale and the Blindworm (Von der Nachtigall
und der Blindschleiche) 25 7. The Stolen Pennies (Von dem gestohlenen Heller) 26 8. The Hand with the Knife (Die Hand mit dem Messer) 26 9. The Twelve Brothers (Die zwölf Brüder) 27
viii CON TEN TS
10. Riffraff (Das Lumpengesindel) 32 11. Little Brother and Little Sister (Brüderchen und
Schwesterchen) 34 12. Rapunzel (Rapunzel) 37 13. The Three Little Men in the Forest (Die drei Männlein
im Walde) 40 14. Nasty Flax Spinning (Von dem bösen Flachsspinnen) 42 15. Hansel and Gretel (Hänsel und Gretel) 43 16. Herr Fix- It- Up (Herr Fix und Fertig) 49 17. The White Snake (Die weiße Schlange) 53 18. The Journey of the Straw, the Coal, and the Bean (Strohhalm,
Kohle und Bohne auf der Reise) 55 19. The Fisherman and His Wife (Von den Fischer und siine Fru) 56 20. A Story about a Brave Tailor (Von einem tapfern Schneider) 62 21. Cinderella (Aschenputtel) 69 22. How Some Children Played at Slaughtering (Wie Kinder
Schlachtens mit einander gespielt haben) 77 23. The Little Mouse, the Little Bird, and the Sausage (Von dem
Mäuschen, Vögelchen und der Bratwurst) 79 24. Mother Holle (Frau Holle) 81 25. The Three Ravens (Die drei Raben) 83 26. Little Red Cap (Rothkäppchen) 85 27. Death and the Goose Boy (Der Tod und der Gänshirt) 88 28. The Singing Bone (Der singende Knochen) 89 29. The Devil with the Three Golden Hairs (Von dem Teufel
mit drei goldenen Haaren) 92 30. Little Louse and Little Flea (Läuschen und Flöhchen) 97 31. Maiden without Hands (Mädchen ohne Hände) 99 32. Clever Hans (Der gescheidte Hans) 103 33. Puss in Boots (Der gestiefelte Kater) 110 34. Hans’s Trina (Hansens Trine) 115 35. The Sparrow and His Four Children (Der Sperling und
seine vier Kinder) 116
CON TEN TS ix
36. The Little Magic Table, the Golden Donkey, and the Club in the Sack (Von dem Tischgen deck dich, dem Goldesel und dem Knüppel in dem Sack) 119
37. The Tablecloth, the Knapsack, the Cannon Hat, and the Horn (Von der Serviette, dem Tornister, dem Kanonenhütlein und dem Horn) 126
38. Mrs. Fox (Von der Frau Füchsin) 129 39. The Elves (Von den Wichtelmännern) 132
About the Shoemaker for Whom They Did the Work (Von dem Schuster, dem sie die Arbeit gemacht) 132
About a Servant Girl Who Acted as Godmother (Von einem Dienstmädchen, das Gevatter bei ihnen gestanden) 133
About a Woman Whose Child They Had Exchanged (Von einer Frau, der sie das Kind vertauscht haben) 133
40. The Robber Bridegroom (Der Räuberbräutigam) 135 41. Herr Korbes (Herr Korbes) 137 42. The Godfather (Der Herr Gevatter) 138 43. The Strange Feast (Die wunderliche Gasterei) 141 44. Godfather Death (Der Gevatter Tod) 142 45. The Wandering of Thumbling, the Tailor’s Son
(Des Schneiders Daumerling Wanderschaft) 143 46. Fitcher’s Bird (Fitchers Vogel) 146 47. The Juniper Tree (Van den Machandel- Boom) 148 48. Old Sultan (Der alte Sultan) 158 49. The Six Swans (Die sechs Schwäne) 159 50. Briar Rose (Dornröschen) 162 51. The Foundling (Vom Fundevogel) 165 52. King Thrushbeard (König Droßelbart) 167 53. Little Snow White (Sneewittchen [Schneeweißchen]) 170 54. Simple Hans (Hans Dumm) 178 55. Rumpelstiltskin (Rumpelstilzchen) 181 56. Sweetheart Roland (Der liebste Roland) 182 57. The Golden Bird (Vom goldenen Vogel) 185
x CON TEN TS
58. Loyal Godfather Sparrow (Vom treuen Gevatter Sperling) 191 59. Prince Swan (Prinz Schwan) 194 60. The Golden Egg (Das Goldei) 197 61. The Tailor Who Soon Became Rich (Von dem Schneider,
der bald reich wurde) 199 62. Bluebeard (Blaubart) 202 63. The Golden Children (Goldkinder) 205 64. The Simpleton (Von dem Dummling) 207
The White Dove (Die weiße Taube) 207 The Queen Bee (Die Bienenkönigin) 208 The Three Feathers (Die drei Federn) 210 The Golden Goose (Die goldene Gans) 212
65. All Fur (Allerleirauh) 216 66. Hurleburlebutz (Hurleburlebutz) 220 67. The King with the Lion (Der Konig mit dem Löwen) 223 68. The Summer and the Winter Garden (Von dem Sommer-
und Wintergarten) 225 69. Jorinda and Joringel ( Jorinde und Joringel) 227 70. Okerlo (Der Okerlo) 230 71. Princess Mouseskin (Prinzessin Mäusehaut) 233 72. The Pear Refused to Fall (Das Birnli will nit fallen) 234 73. The Castle of Murder (Das Mordschloß) 236 74. Johannes Waterspring and Caspar Waterspring (Von
Johannes- Wassersprung und Caspar- Wassersprung) 238 75. The Bird Phoenix (Vogel Phönix) 241 76. The Carnation (Die Nelke) 242 77. The Carpenter and the Turner (Vom Schreiner und
Drechsler) 244 78. The Old Grandfather and the Grandson (Der alte
Großvater und der Enkel) 245 79. The Water Nixie (Die Wassernix) 246 80. The Death of Little Hen (Von dem Tod des Hühnchens) 246 81. The Blacksmith and the Devil (Der Schmidt und
der Teufel) 248
CON TEN TS xi
82. The Three Sisters (Die drei Schwestem) 251 83. The Poor Maiden (Das arme Mädchen) 262 84. The Mother- in- Law (Die Schwiegermutter) 263 85. Fragments (Fragmente) 264
Snowflower (Schneeblume) 264 The Princess with the Louse (Prinzessin mit der Laus) 264 Prince Johannes (Vom Prinz Johannes) 265 The Good Cloth (Der gute Lappen) 265
86. The Fox and the Geese (Der Fuchs und die Gänse) 265
Volume II
preface to volume ii 269 1. The Poor Man and the Rich Man (Der Arme und der Reiche) 274 2. The Singing, Springing Lark (Das singende, springende
Löweneckerchen) 277 3. The Goose Girl (Die Gänsemagd) 283 4. The Young Giant (Von einem jungen Riesen) 289 5. The Gnome (Dat Erdmänneken) 297 6. The King of the Golden Mountain (Der König vom
goldenen Berg) 301 7. The Raven (Die Rabe) 307 8. The Clever Farmer’s Daughter (Die kluge Bauemtochter) 313 9. The Genie in the Glass (Der Geist im Glas) 316 10. The Three Little Birds (De drei Vügelkens) 319 11. The Water of Life (Das Wasser des Lebens) 324 12. Doctor Know- It- All (Doctor Allwissend) 329 13. The Frog Prince (Der Froschprinz) 331 14. The Devil’s Sooty Brother (Des Teufels rußiger Bruder) 333 15. The Devil in the Green Coat (Der Teufel Grünrock) 337 16. The Wren and the Bear (Der Zaunkönig und der Bär) 340 17. The Sweet Porridge (Vom süßen Brei) 343 18. The Faithful Animals (Die treuen Thiere) 343 19. Tales about Toads (Mährchen von der Unke) 347
xii CON TEN TS
20. The Poor Miller’s Apprentice and the Cat (Der arme Müllerbursch und das Katzchen) 348
21. The Crows (Die Krähen) 351 22. Hans My Hedgehog (Hans mein Igel) 354 23. The Little Shroud (Das Todtenhemdchen) 360 24. The Jew in the Thornbush (Der Jud’ im Dorn) 360 25. The Expert Huntsman (Der gelernte Jäger) 363 26. The Fleshing Flail from Heaven (Der Dresschpflegel
vom Himmel) 368 27. The Children of the Two Kings (De beiden Künnigeskinner) 369 28. The Clever Little Tailor (Vom klugen Schneiderlein) 377 29. The Bright Sun Will Bring It to Light (Die klare Sonne
bringt’s an den Tag) 380 30. The Blue Light (Das blaue Licht) 383 31. The Stubborn Child (Von einem eigensinnigen Kinde) 386 32. The Three Army Surgeons (Die drei Feldscherer) 386 33. The Lazy One and the Industrious One (Der Faule und
der Fleißige) 389 34. The Three Journeymen (Die drei Handwerksburschen) 390 35. The Heavenly Wedding (Die himmlische Hochzeit) 394 36. The Long Nose (Die lange Nase) 395 37. The Old Woman in the Forest (Die Alte im Wald) 401 38. The Three Brothers (Die drei Brüder) 403 39. The Devil and His Grandmother (Der Teufel und seine
Großmutter) 405 40. Faithful Ferdinand and Unfaithful Ferdinand (Ferenand
getrü und Ferenand ungetrü) 408 41. The Iron Stove (Der Eisen- Ofen) 413 42. The Lazy Spinner (Die faule Spinnerin) 418 43. The Lion and the Frog (Der Löwe und der Frosch) 420 44. The Soldier and the Carpenter (Der Soldat und der Schreiner) 422 45. Pretty Katrinelya and Pif- Paf- Poltree (Die schöne Katrinelje
und Pif, Paf, Poltrie) 428 46. The Fox and the Horse (Der Fuchs und das Pferd) 430
CON TEN TS xiii
47. The Worn- out Dancing Shoes (Die zertanzten Schuhe) 431 48. The Six Servants (Die sechs Diener) 435 49. The White Bride and the Black Bride (Die weiße und
schwarze Braut) 440 50. The Wild Man (De wilde Mann) 444 51. The Three Black Princesses (De drei schwatten Princessinnen) 448 52. Knoist and His Three Sons (Knoist un sine dre Sühne) 450 53. The Maiden from Brakel (Dat Mäken von Brakel) 450 54. The Domestic Servants (Das Hausgesinde) 451 55. Little Lamb and Little Fish (Das Lämmchen und Fischchen) 452 56. Sesame Mountain (Simeliberg) 454 57. The Children of Famine (Die Kinder in Hungersnoth) 456 58. The Little Donkey (Das Eselein) 456 59. The Ungrateful Son (Der undankbare Sohn) 461 60. The Turnip (Die Rube) 461 61. The Rejuvenated Little Old Man (Das junggeglühte
Männlein) 464 62. The Animals of the Lord and the Devil (Des Herrn und
des Teufels Gethier) 466 63. The Beam (Der Hahnenbalken) 467 64. The Old Beggar Woman (Die alte Bettelfrau) 467 65. The Three Lazy Sons (Die drei Faulen) 468 66. Saint Solicitous (Die heilige Frau Kummerniß) 469 67. The Tale about the Land of Cockaigne (Das Märchen vom
Schlauaffenland) 469 68. The Tall Tale from Ditmarsh (Das Dietmarsische
Lügen- Märchen) 470 69. A Tale with a Riddle (Räthsel- Märchen) 471 70. The Golden Key (Der goldene Schlüssel) 471
List of Contributors and Informants 475 Notes to Volumes I and II 479 Index of Tales 517
F I G U R E S
figure 1. The Frog King 12 figure 2. The Twelve Brothers 28 figure 3. Herr Fix- It- Up 52 figure 4. How Some Children Played at Slaughtering 78 figure 5. The Singing Bone 90 figure 6. The Elves— About a Woman Whose Child
They Had Exchanged 134 figure 7. The Godfather 140 figure 8. Simple Hans 179 figure 9. Loyal Godfather Sparrow 192 figure 10. Okerlo 232 figure 11. The Three Sisters 255 figure 12. The Young Giant 290 figure 13. The Devil in the Green Coat 338 figure 14. Hans My Hedgehog 356 figure 15. The Blue Light 382 figure 16. The Long Nose 398 figure 17. The Soldier and the Carpenter 425 figure 18. The Wild Man 446 figure 19. The Little Donkey 458 figure 20. The Golden Key 472
A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S
Over the past forty years or so I had often wondered why nobody had ever translated the first edition of the Grimms’ Kinder- und Haus- märchen (1812/15) into English, and it was not until 2012, the bicen- tenary of these two volumes, that I decided, if nobody was going to undertake this “task,” I would do it— and do it out of pleasure and to share the unusual tales the Grimms collected as young men when they had not fully realized what a treasure they had uncovered. Their tales are, in fact, a treasure that belongs not only to Germany but also to many other countries in the world.
In sharing this treasure I have been most fortunate to have the under- standing of the editorial staff at Princeton University Press, wonderful editors, who have supported my work in the fields of folklore and fairy- tale studies during the past ten years. So, I want to take this opportunity to thank them all for their assistance. In particular, I want to express my gratitude to the two editors in charge of The Original Folk and Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm, namely, Alison MacKeen and Anne Savarese, who shepherded the manuscript through the first stages of approval. Their advice has been invaluable. In addition, there are not words enough to thank Sara Lerner, with whom I have worked on a few occasions. She is one of the most thorough, attentive, and keen production editors I have ever encountered. Jennifer Harris, who copyedited the entire book, improved the manuscript immensely, and I relied greatly on her advice.
xviii AC K NOWLEDGMEN TS
Maria Lindenfeldar and Jason Alejandro have played key roles in creat- ing the art design for the book and have guided me wisely in selecting the images for the tales. Last but not least, I want to thank Andrea Dezsö for contributing her extraordinary illustrations that reveal many of the hidden meanings of the tales.
I N T R O D U C T I O N : R E D I S C O V E R I N G T H E
O R I G I N A L T A L E S O F T H E B R O T H E R S G R I M M
Jack Zipes
Just a little over two hundred years ago, in December of 1812, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm published the first volume of their Kinder- und Haus- märchen (Children’s and Household Tales), followed by a second volume in 1815. Little did the Grimms realize at that time that their tales would become the most famous “fairy tales” in the world and that the bicen- tennial of these two extraordinary books would be celebrated in confer- ences and ceremonies worldwide between 2012 and 2015. Ironically, few people today are familiar with the original tales of the first edition, for the Grimms went on to publish six more editions and made immense changes in them so that the final 1857 edition has relatively little in common with the first edition. From 1812 to 1857 the Brothers deleted numerous tales from the first edition, replaced them with new or dif- ferent versions, added over fifty tales, withdrew the footnotes and pub- lished them in a separate volume, revised the prefaces and introductions,
xx i n troduction
added illustrations in a separate small edition directed more at children and families, and embellished the tales so that they became polished artistic “gems.”
All these editorial changes to the tales in the first edition of 1812/15 should not lead us to believe that the tales were crude, needed improve- ment, and do not deserve our attention. On the contrary. I would argue that the first edition is just as important, if not more important than the final seventh edition of 1857, especially if one wants to grasp the original intentions of the Grimms and the overall significance of their accomplish- ments. In fact, many of the tales in the first edition are more fabulous and baffling than those refined versions in the final edition, for they retain the pungent and naïve flavor of the oral tradition. They are stunning narra- tives precisely because they are so blunt and unpretentious. Moreover, the Grimms had not yet “vaccinated” or censored them with their sentimental Christianity and puritanical ideology. In fact, the Brothers endeavored to keep their hands off the tales, so to speak, and reproduce them more or less as they heard them or received them. That is, the tales were not their own in the first place. Though they gradually made them their own, these stories retained other voices and still do. They originated through the storytelling of various friends and anonymous sources and were often taken from print materials. Then they were edited for publication by the Grimms, who wanted to retain their ancient and contemporary voices as much as possible.
It was not until the second edition of 1819 that there was a clear edito- rial change of policy that led to the refinement of the tales, especially by Wilhelm, who became the major editor from 1816 onward. The break in policy was not a sudden one; rather, it was gradual, and Jacob was always of the opinion that the tales should not be altered very much and tried to resist embellishment. But he was occupied by so many other projects that he did not object vociferously to Wilhelm’s changes as long as his brother preserved what he felt to be the essence of the tales. However, Wilhelm could not control his desire to make the tales more artistic to appeal to middle- class reading audiences. The result is that the essence of the tales is more vivid in the two volumes of the first edition, for it is here that the
R EDIS COV ER I NG TH E BROTH ER S GR IMM xxi
Grimms made the greatest effort to respect the voices of the original sto- rytellers or collectors.
It is important to remember that the Grimms did not travel about the land themselves to collect the tales from peasants, as many contemporary readers have come to believe. They were brilliant philologists and scholars who did most of their work at desks. They depended on many different informants from diverse social classes to provide them with oral tales or literary tales that were rooted in oral traditions. Although they did at times leave their home— for example, to find and write down tales from several young women in Kassel and Münster and from some lower- class people in the surrounding villages— they collected their tales and variants primar- ily from educated friends and colleagues or from books. At first, they did not greatly alter the tales that they received because they were young and inexperienced and did not have enough material from other collectors to make comparisons. And, indeed, this is why the first edition of 1812/15 is so appealing and unique: the unknown tales in this edition are formed by multiple and diverse voices that speak to us more frankly than the tales of the so- called definitive 1857 edition, which had been…
T H E B R O T H E R S G R I M M
P r i n c eto n U n i v er s i t y P r ess Princeton and Oxford
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm
Copyright © 2014 by Princeton University Press Illustrations copyright © Andrea Dezsö 2014 Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TW
press.princeton.edu
All Rights Reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Grimm, Jacob, 1785–1863. [Kinder- und Hausmärchen. English. 2015] The Original Folk and Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm : the Complete First Edition / [ Jacob Grimm, Wilhelm Grimm ; translated by] Jack Zipes ; [illustrated by Andrea Dezsö]. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-691-16059-7 (hardback : acid-free paper) 1. Fairy tales—Germany. 2. Tales— Germany. 3. Folklore—Germany. I. Grimm, Wilhelm, 1786–1859. II. Zipes, Jack, 1937– III. Dezsö, Andrea. IV. Title. GR166.G54313 2015 398.20943—dc23 2014004127
British Library Cataloging- in- Publication Data is available
This book has been composed in Garamond Premier Pro
Printed on acid- free paper. ∞
Printed in Canada
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
my interest in folk and fairy tales
C O N T E N T S
List of Figures xv Acknowledgments xvii Introduction: Rediscovering the Original Tales of the
Brothers Grimm xix Note on the Text and Translation xlv
Volume I
preface to volume i 3 1. The Frog King, or Iron Henry (Der Froschkönig oder der
eiserne Heinrich) 13 2. The Companionship of the Cat and Mouse (Katz und Maus
in Gesellschaft) 16 3. The Virgin Mary’s Child (Marienkind) 17 4. Good Bowling and Card Playing (Gut Kegel- und Kartenspiel) 21 5. The Wolf and the Seven Kids (Der Wolf und die sieben jungen
Geißlein) 23 6. The Nightingale and the Blindworm (Von der Nachtigall
und der Blindschleiche) 25 7. The Stolen Pennies (Von dem gestohlenen Heller) 26 8. The Hand with the Knife (Die Hand mit dem Messer) 26 9. The Twelve Brothers (Die zwölf Brüder) 27
viii CON TEN TS
10. Riffraff (Das Lumpengesindel) 32 11. Little Brother and Little Sister (Brüderchen und
Schwesterchen) 34 12. Rapunzel (Rapunzel) 37 13. The Three Little Men in the Forest (Die drei Männlein
im Walde) 40 14. Nasty Flax Spinning (Von dem bösen Flachsspinnen) 42 15. Hansel and Gretel (Hänsel und Gretel) 43 16. Herr Fix- It- Up (Herr Fix und Fertig) 49 17. The White Snake (Die weiße Schlange) 53 18. The Journey of the Straw, the Coal, and the Bean (Strohhalm,
Kohle und Bohne auf der Reise) 55 19. The Fisherman and His Wife (Von den Fischer und siine Fru) 56 20. A Story about a Brave Tailor (Von einem tapfern Schneider) 62 21. Cinderella (Aschenputtel) 69 22. How Some Children Played at Slaughtering (Wie Kinder
Schlachtens mit einander gespielt haben) 77 23. The Little Mouse, the Little Bird, and the Sausage (Von dem
Mäuschen, Vögelchen und der Bratwurst) 79 24. Mother Holle (Frau Holle) 81 25. The Three Ravens (Die drei Raben) 83 26. Little Red Cap (Rothkäppchen) 85 27. Death and the Goose Boy (Der Tod und der Gänshirt) 88 28. The Singing Bone (Der singende Knochen) 89 29. The Devil with the Three Golden Hairs (Von dem Teufel
mit drei goldenen Haaren) 92 30. Little Louse and Little Flea (Läuschen und Flöhchen) 97 31. Maiden without Hands (Mädchen ohne Hände) 99 32. Clever Hans (Der gescheidte Hans) 103 33. Puss in Boots (Der gestiefelte Kater) 110 34. Hans’s Trina (Hansens Trine) 115 35. The Sparrow and His Four Children (Der Sperling und
seine vier Kinder) 116
CON TEN TS ix
36. The Little Magic Table, the Golden Donkey, and the Club in the Sack (Von dem Tischgen deck dich, dem Goldesel und dem Knüppel in dem Sack) 119
37. The Tablecloth, the Knapsack, the Cannon Hat, and the Horn (Von der Serviette, dem Tornister, dem Kanonenhütlein und dem Horn) 126
38. Mrs. Fox (Von der Frau Füchsin) 129 39. The Elves (Von den Wichtelmännern) 132
About the Shoemaker for Whom They Did the Work (Von dem Schuster, dem sie die Arbeit gemacht) 132
About a Servant Girl Who Acted as Godmother (Von einem Dienstmädchen, das Gevatter bei ihnen gestanden) 133
About a Woman Whose Child They Had Exchanged (Von einer Frau, der sie das Kind vertauscht haben) 133
40. The Robber Bridegroom (Der Räuberbräutigam) 135 41. Herr Korbes (Herr Korbes) 137 42. The Godfather (Der Herr Gevatter) 138 43. The Strange Feast (Die wunderliche Gasterei) 141 44. Godfather Death (Der Gevatter Tod) 142 45. The Wandering of Thumbling, the Tailor’s Son
(Des Schneiders Daumerling Wanderschaft) 143 46. Fitcher’s Bird (Fitchers Vogel) 146 47. The Juniper Tree (Van den Machandel- Boom) 148 48. Old Sultan (Der alte Sultan) 158 49. The Six Swans (Die sechs Schwäne) 159 50. Briar Rose (Dornröschen) 162 51. The Foundling (Vom Fundevogel) 165 52. King Thrushbeard (König Droßelbart) 167 53. Little Snow White (Sneewittchen [Schneeweißchen]) 170 54. Simple Hans (Hans Dumm) 178 55. Rumpelstiltskin (Rumpelstilzchen) 181 56. Sweetheart Roland (Der liebste Roland) 182 57. The Golden Bird (Vom goldenen Vogel) 185
x CON TEN TS
58. Loyal Godfather Sparrow (Vom treuen Gevatter Sperling) 191 59. Prince Swan (Prinz Schwan) 194 60. The Golden Egg (Das Goldei) 197 61. The Tailor Who Soon Became Rich (Von dem Schneider,
der bald reich wurde) 199 62. Bluebeard (Blaubart) 202 63. The Golden Children (Goldkinder) 205 64. The Simpleton (Von dem Dummling) 207
The White Dove (Die weiße Taube) 207 The Queen Bee (Die Bienenkönigin) 208 The Three Feathers (Die drei Federn) 210 The Golden Goose (Die goldene Gans) 212
65. All Fur (Allerleirauh) 216 66. Hurleburlebutz (Hurleburlebutz) 220 67. The King with the Lion (Der Konig mit dem Löwen) 223 68. The Summer and the Winter Garden (Von dem Sommer-
und Wintergarten) 225 69. Jorinda and Joringel ( Jorinde und Joringel) 227 70. Okerlo (Der Okerlo) 230 71. Princess Mouseskin (Prinzessin Mäusehaut) 233 72. The Pear Refused to Fall (Das Birnli will nit fallen) 234 73. The Castle of Murder (Das Mordschloß) 236 74. Johannes Waterspring and Caspar Waterspring (Von
Johannes- Wassersprung und Caspar- Wassersprung) 238 75. The Bird Phoenix (Vogel Phönix) 241 76. The Carnation (Die Nelke) 242 77. The Carpenter and the Turner (Vom Schreiner und
Drechsler) 244 78. The Old Grandfather and the Grandson (Der alte
Großvater und der Enkel) 245 79. The Water Nixie (Die Wassernix) 246 80. The Death of Little Hen (Von dem Tod des Hühnchens) 246 81. The Blacksmith and the Devil (Der Schmidt und
der Teufel) 248
CON TEN TS xi
82. The Three Sisters (Die drei Schwestem) 251 83. The Poor Maiden (Das arme Mädchen) 262 84. The Mother- in- Law (Die Schwiegermutter) 263 85. Fragments (Fragmente) 264
Snowflower (Schneeblume) 264 The Princess with the Louse (Prinzessin mit der Laus) 264 Prince Johannes (Vom Prinz Johannes) 265 The Good Cloth (Der gute Lappen) 265
86. The Fox and the Geese (Der Fuchs und die Gänse) 265
Volume II
preface to volume ii 269 1. The Poor Man and the Rich Man (Der Arme und der Reiche) 274 2. The Singing, Springing Lark (Das singende, springende
Löweneckerchen) 277 3. The Goose Girl (Die Gänsemagd) 283 4. The Young Giant (Von einem jungen Riesen) 289 5. The Gnome (Dat Erdmänneken) 297 6. The King of the Golden Mountain (Der König vom
goldenen Berg) 301 7. The Raven (Die Rabe) 307 8. The Clever Farmer’s Daughter (Die kluge Bauemtochter) 313 9. The Genie in the Glass (Der Geist im Glas) 316 10. The Three Little Birds (De drei Vügelkens) 319 11. The Water of Life (Das Wasser des Lebens) 324 12. Doctor Know- It- All (Doctor Allwissend) 329 13. The Frog Prince (Der Froschprinz) 331 14. The Devil’s Sooty Brother (Des Teufels rußiger Bruder) 333 15. The Devil in the Green Coat (Der Teufel Grünrock) 337 16. The Wren and the Bear (Der Zaunkönig und der Bär) 340 17. The Sweet Porridge (Vom süßen Brei) 343 18. The Faithful Animals (Die treuen Thiere) 343 19. Tales about Toads (Mährchen von der Unke) 347
xii CON TEN TS
20. The Poor Miller’s Apprentice and the Cat (Der arme Müllerbursch und das Katzchen) 348
21. The Crows (Die Krähen) 351 22. Hans My Hedgehog (Hans mein Igel) 354 23. The Little Shroud (Das Todtenhemdchen) 360 24. The Jew in the Thornbush (Der Jud’ im Dorn) 360 25. The Expert Huntsman (Der gelernte Jäger) 363 26. The Fleshing Flail from Heaven (Der Dresschpflegel
vom Himmel) 368 27. The Children of the Two Kings (De beiden Künnigeskinner) 369 28. The Clever Little Tailor (Vom klugen Schneiderlein) 377 29. The Bright Sun Will Bring It to Light (Die klare Sonne
bringt’s an den Tag) 380 30. The Blue Light (Das blaue Licht) 383 31. The Stubborn Child (Von einem eigensinnigen Kinde) 386 32. The Three Army Surgeons (Die drei Feldscherer) 386 33. The Lazy One and the Industrious One (Der Faule und
der Fleißige) 389 34. The Three Journeymen (Die drei Handwerksburschen) 390 35. The Heavenly Wedding (Die himmlische Hochzeit) 394 36. The Long Nose (Die lange Nase) 395 37. The Old Woman in the Forest (Die Alte im Wald) 401 38. The Three Brothers (Die drei Brüder) 403 39. The Devil and His Grandmother (Der Teufel und seine
Großmutter) 405 40. Faithful Ferdinand and Unfaithful Ferdinand (Ferenand
getrü und Ferenand ungetrü) 408 41. The Iron Stove (Der Eisen- Ofen) 413 42. The Lazy Spinner (Die faule Spinnerin) 418 43. The Lion and the Frog (Der Löwe und der Frosch) 420 44. The Soldier and the Carpenter (Der Soldat und der Schreiner) 422 45. Pretty Katrinelya and Pif- Paf- Poltree (Die schöne Katrinelje
und Pif, Paf, Poltrie) 428 46. The Fox and the Horse (Der Fuchs und das Pferd) 430
CON TEN TS xiii
47. The Worn- out Dancing Shoes (Die zertanzten Schuhe) 431 48. The Six Servants (Die sechs Diener) 435 49. The White Bride and the Black Bride (Die weiße und
schwarze Braut) 440 50. The Wild Man (De wilde Mann) 444 51. The Three Black Princesses (De drei schwatten Princessinnen) 448 52. Knoist and His Three Sons (Knoist un sine dre Sühne) 450 53. The Maiden from Brakel (Dat Mäken von Brakel) 450 54. The Domestic Servants (Das Hausgesinde) 451 55. Little Lamb and Little Fish (Das Lämmchen und Fischchen) 452 56. Sesame Mountain (Simeliberg) 454 57. The Children of Famine (Die Kinder in Hungersnoth) 456 58. The Little Donkey (Das Eselein) 456 59. The Ungrateful Son (Der undankbare Sohn) 461 60. The Turnip (Die Rube) 461 61. The Rejuvenated Little Old Man (Das junggeglühte
Männlein) 464 62. The Animals of the Lord and the Devil (Des Herrn und
des Teufels Gethier) 466 63. The Beam (Der Hahnenbalken) 467 64. The Old Beggar Woman (Die alte Bettelfrau) 467 65. The Three Lazy Sons (Die drei Faulen) 468 66. Saint Solicitous (Die heilige Frau Kummerniß) 469 67. The Tale about the Land of Cockaigne (Das Märchen vom
Schlauaffenland) 469 68. The Tall Tale from Ditmarsh (Das Dietmarsische
Lügen- Märchen) 470 69. A Tale with a Riddle (Räthsel- Märchen) 471 70. The Golden Key (Der goldene Schlüssel) 471
List of Contributors and Informants 475 Notes to Volumes I and II 479 Index of Tales 517
F I G U R E S
figure 1. The Frog King 12 figure 2. The Twelve Brothers 28 figure 3. Herr Fix- It- Up 52 figure 4. How Some Children Played at Slaughtering 78 figure 5. The Singing Bone 90 figure 6. The Elves— About a Woman Whose Child
They Had Exchanged 134 figure 7. The Godfather 140 figure 8. Simple Hans 179 figure 9. Loyal Godfather Sparrow 192 figure 10. Okerlo 232 figure 11. The Three Sisters 255 figure 12. The Young Giant 290 figure 13. The Devil in the Green Coat 338 figure 14. Hans My Hedgehog 356 figure 15. The Blue Light 382 figure 16. The Long Nose 398 figure 17. The Soldier and the Carpenter 425 figure 18. The Wild Man 446 figure 19. The Little Donkey 458 figure 20. The Golden Key 472
A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S
Over the past forty years or so I had often wondered why nobody had ever translated the first edition of the Grimms’ Kinder- und Haus- märchen (1812/15) into English, and it was not until 2012, the bicen- tenary of these two volumes, that I decided, if nobody was going to undertake this “task,” I would do it— and do it out of pleasure and to share the unusual tales the Grimms collected as young men when they had not fully realized what a treasure they had uncovered. Their tales are, in fact, a treasure that belongs not only to Germany but also to many other countries in the world.
In sharing this treasure I have been most fortunate to have the under- standing of the editorial staff at Princeton University Press, wonderful editors, who have supported my work in the fields of folklore and fairy- tale studies during the past ten years. So, I want to take this opportunity to thank them all for their assistance. In particular, I want to express my gratitude to the two editors in charge of The Original Folk and Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm, namely, Alison MacKeen and Anne Savarese, who shepherded the manuscript through the first stages of approval. Their advice has been invaluable. In addition, there are not words enough to thank Sara Lerner, with whom I have worked on a few occasions. She is one of the most thorough, attentive, and keen production editors I have ever encountered. Jennifer Harris, who copyedited the entire book, improved the manuscript immensely, and I relied greatly on her advice.
xviii AC K NOWLEDGMEN TS
Maria Lindenfeldar and Jason Alejandro have played key roles in creat- ing the art design for the book and have guided me wisely in selecting the images for the tales. Last but not least, I want to thank Andrea Dezsö for contributing her extraordinary illustrations that reveal many of the hidden meanings of the tales.
I N T R O D U C T I O N : R E D I S C O V E R I N G T H E
O R I G I N A L T A L E S O F T H E B R O T H E R S G R I M M
Jack Zipes
Just a little over two hundred years ago, in December of 1812, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm published the first volume of their Kinder- und Haus- märchen (Children’s and Household Tales), followed by a second volume in 1815. Little did the Grimms realize at that time that their tales would become the most famous “fairy tales” in the world and that the bicen- tennial of these two extraordinary books would be celebrated in confer- ences and ceremonies worldwide between 2012 and 2015. Ironically, few people today are familiar with the original tales of the first edition, for the Grimms went on to publish six more editions and made immense changes in them so that the final 1857 edition has relatively little in common with the first edition. From 1812 to 1857 the Brothers deleted numerous tales from the first edition, replaced them with new or dif- ferent versions, added over fifty tales, withdrew the footnotes and pub- lished them in a separate volume, revised the prefaces and introductions,
xx i n troduction
added illustrations in a separate small edition directed more at children and families, and embellished the tales so that they became polished artistic “gems.”
All these editorial changes to the tales in the first edition of 1812/15 should not lead us to believe that the tales were crude, needed improve- ment, and do not deserve our attention. On the contrary. I would argue that the first edition is just as important, if not more important than the final seventh edition of 1857, especially if one wants to grasp the original intentions of the Grimms and the overall significance of their accomplish- ments. In fact, many of the tales in the first edition are more fabulous and baffling than those refined versions in the final edition, for they retain the pungent and naïve flavor of the oral tradition. They are stunning narra- tives precisely because they are so blunt and unpretentious. Moreover, the Grimms had not yet “vaccinated” or censored them with their sentimental Christianity and puritanical ideology. In fact, the Brothers endeavored to keep their hands off the tales, so to speak, and reproduce them more or less as they heard them or received them. That is, the tales were not their own in the first place. Though they gradually made them their own, these stories retained other voices and still do. They originated through the storytelling of various friends and anonymous sources and were often taken from print materials. Then they were edited for publication by the Grimms, who wanted to retain their ancient and contemporary voices as much as possible.
It was not until the second edition of 1819 that there was a clear edito- rial change of policy that led to the refinement of the tales, especially by Wilhelm, who became the major editor from 1816 onward. The break in policy was not a sudden one; rather, it was gradual, and Jacob was always of the opinion that the tales should not be altered very much and tried to resist embellishment. But he was occupied by so many other projects that he did not object vociferously to Wilhelm’s changes as long as his brother preserved what he felt to be the essence of the tales. However, Wilhelm could not control his desire to make the tales more artistic to appeal to middle- class reading audiences. The result is that the essence of the tales is more vivid in the two volumes of the first edition, for it is here that the
R EDIS COV ER I NG TH E BROTH ER S GR IMM xxi
Grimms made the greatest effort to respect the voices of the original sto- rytellers or collectors.
It is important to remember that the Grimms did not travel about the land themselves to collect the tales from peasants, as many contemporary readers have come to believe. They were brilliant philologists and scholars who did most of their work at desks. They depended on many different informants from diverse social classes to provide them with oral tales or literary tales that were rooted in oral traditions. Although they did at times leave their home— for example, to find and write down tales from several young women in Kassel and Münster and from some lower- class people in the surrounding villages— they collected their tales and variants primar- ily from educated friends and colleagues or from books. At first, they did not greatly alter the tales that they received because they were young and inexperienced and did not have enough material from other collectors to make comparisons. And, indeed, this is why the first edition of 1812/15 is so appealing and unique: the unknown tales in this edition are formed by multiple and diverse voices that speak to us more frankly than the tales of the so- called definitive 1857 edition, which had been…
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