Jan 01, 2016
•The origin, motion, and energy of electrons in circuits;•The role of batteries as energy sources and resistors as energy dissipaters in circuits;•Conceptual understanding of potential difference (i.e., voltage); •Current and resistance and the relationship between them.
_________ means to push away.
_________ means to pull together.
charge
attract
repel
charge
attract
repel
If an electrically-neutral object GAINS electrons, what charge does it now have?
positive negativ
e
neutral
If an electrically-neutral object LOSES electrons, what charge does it now have?
positive negativ
e
neutral
In Chemistry, you already learned about the interaction of charges.
Objects with opposite charges (one negative, one positive) will attract each other.
Objects with like charges (both negative or both positive) will repel each other.
Let’s start with some vocab…Electricity- a form of energy
resulting from movement of charged particles.
Circuit- a loop that electrons can flow through- can be open or closed
Current-a measure of the flow of electrons (how many electrons pass a point per second)
(measured in Amps)
Insulator: a substance through which electricity cannot flow readily
Examples…
wood plasticrubber
sulfur glass
Conductor: a material through which electrons can move easily
Examples…
brass aluminumcopper
graphite water
What’s the Best Pathway for Electrons?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
VnnpLaKsqGU
Parallel circuits are circuits with more than one pathway through which electrons can flow.
Series circuits are circuits with only one pathway through which electrons can flow.
Types of energy sources:Battery:
- Has two TERMINALS:
- One positively charged & one negatively charged
- Chemical reaction occurs in the battery that separates the charges to the positive and negative sides
Challenge!
Can you…1. Make a series circuit with two lightbulbs?2. Make a parallel circuit with two lightbulbs? (so that
one lightbulb can be OFF while the other is ON)3. Make a series circuit with a switch using the
materials in the bag? Then a parallel circuit with a switch?
4. Determine which of the materials in the bag are electrical insulators and conductors?
Electric Potential Energy- This separation of charges (from the chemical reaction) causes a build up of potential energy.
- Electrons flow from an area of high PE to low PE.
- Just like gravitational potential energy…
- Video:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aq31mjWYdJ8
Battery cont- When a circuit is created , electrons flow from the negative end to the positive end
- electrons are repulsed by the negative side and attracted to the positive side
• A chemical reaction inside a battery causes a separation of charges
• This separation of charges causes a build
up of potential energy.
• Electrons flow from high PE to low PE.
• Just like gravitational potential energy… (recall video)
Review from yesterday…
Potential Difference (voltage)
•Voltage is the measure of potential energy supplied to each coulomb of charge•Units- volts (V)•Measure with a multimeter• Is dependent on the energy source NOT the circuit! • the more volts a source has, the more
potential energy it has.
After the reading “what is voltage?”
Current•The rate (“speed”) at which electrons flow•Unit- ampere (A)•(aka “amps”)•Measure with a multimeter
•An amp is one coulomb of charge per second
Resistors- anything that creates resistance in a circuit. (slows down current)•Can you think of any examples?
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gc1wVdbVI0E(only show first 3 minutes)
Current vs Voltage
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvcwCttJjtI