The organelles of plant and animal cells. Generalized plant cell.

The organelles of plant and animal cells

Generalized plant cell

Generalized animal cell

cell wall

• Provides structural support to the cell

cell membrane• Semi-permeable• Acts as a

gatekeeper, controlling what can enter or leave the cell

cytoplasm• The fluid matrix that holds all the organelles

in place • Composed of 80% water• Location of many chemical reactions• Consists of the everything contained inside

the cell membrane

nucleus• The nucleus controls the activities of the

cell through the code stored in the DNA• The chromatin (which become visible as

chromosomes during cell division) contains the DNA (genetic material)

• The nuclear membrane protects the DNA and allows transport of material in and out of the nucleus.

endoplasmic reticulum• The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is connected

and continuous with the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane

• It forms a transportation network throughout the cell

ribosomes• Produced by the nucleolus (in the nucleus)• Create proteins which are the building blocks

of many structures• Found in the cytoplasm and on some kinds of

endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus• A series of folded membranes that packages

and transports products• Small membrane bound structures called

vesicles are pinched off and carry the materials out of the cell

vesicles• Membrane covered sacs produced by

Golgi apparatus that store and transport materials– Can fuse with the cell membrane to

transport materials out of the cell

vacuole• Vacuoles store:

– food– water– wastes

• The central vacuole of a mature plant cell is often quite large

• Animal cells often have several small vacuoles

mitochondrion• Create energy from food (glucose)

chloroplast• The sites of

photosynthesis (production of glucose from sunlight, water and CO2)

Surface Area to Volume Ratio

• There is a reason why plant and animal cells must remain small

• Calculate the volume to surface areas of three cells that are 1mm3, 2 mm3, and 3mm3

Copy and Complete Cell size

1x1x1 2x2x2 3x3x3

Surface area

Volume

SA:Vol ratio

Copy and Complete Cell size

1x1x1 2x2x2 3x3x3

Surface area 1x1x6=6mm2

2x2x6=24 mm2

3x3x6=54 mm2

Volume

SA:Vol ratio

Copy and Complete Cell size

1x1x1 2x2x2 3x3x3

Surface area 1x1x6=6mm2

2x2x6=24 mm2

3x3x6=54 mm2

Volume 1x1x1=1 mm3

2x2x2=8 mm3

3x3x3=27 mm3

SA:Vol ratio

Copy and Complete Cell size

1x1x1 2x2x2 3x3x3

Surface area 1x1x6=6mm2

2x2x6=24 mm2

3x3x6=54 mm2

Volume 1x1x1=1 mm3

2x2x2=8 mm3

3x3x3=27 mm3

SA:Vol ratio 6:16

24:83

54:272

Surface Area to Volume Ratio• There is a reason why plant and animal

cells must remain small

• Calculate the volume to surface areas of three cells that are 1mm3, 2 mm3, and 3mm3

• The cells with the largest ratios are the most efficient.

Surface Area to Volume Ratio• There is a reason why plant and animal

cells must remain small

• Calculate the volume to surface areas of three cells that are 1mm3, 2 mm3, and 3mm3

• The cells with the largest ratios are the most efficient.

• Predict the SA:Vol ratio for a cell that is .5mm3

The end