THE OPTICAL ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ IONS IN THE BLOOD Maksims Poļakovs Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga.

THE OPTICAL ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF

Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ IONS IN THE BLOOD

Maksims Poļakovs Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga street 8,

LV-1063 Riga, Latvia

• Geometrical parameters of erythrocytes

• In the present work we report results of measurements optical absorption of blood.

•The aims of workThe aims of work

Used equipments

• For optical absorption spectra measurements was used “Specord UV-VIS”.

• For geometrical parameters of erythrocytes was used Automatic analyzer of microscopic image “MORPHQUANT”

Materials

Venous blood was donated by consenting Chernobyl clean-up workers and healthy men. Blood was collected under air in glass tubes containing a small amount of heparin used as an anticoagulant. Blood without any anticoagulant was also tested and showed no difference with respect heparin blood.

•Clinical investigations show high morbidity rate of clean-up workers compare with general population.

•Nowadays they represent group of chronically sick people with diseases prevalence of digestive, musculoskeletal and nervous system.

•Most of the Chernobyl’ clean-up workers have poli-symptomatic sicknesses that exhibit tendency to progress.

Some of clean-up workers have erythrocytosis. Erythrocytosis is defined as an excess of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs). RBCs in the blood are measured by the hematocrit (the percentage of the blood volume made up of RBCs) or by the hemoglobin

erythrocytes

AFM image of erythrocytes

The diameter of a typical human erythrocyte disk is 6–8 µm, much smaller than most other human cells. A typical erythrocyte contains about 270 million hemoglobin molecules, with each carrying four heme groups.Adult humans have roughly 2–3 × 1013 red blood cells at any given time (women have about 4 million to 5 million erythrocytes per cubic millimeter (microliter) of blood and men about 5 million to 6 million; people living at high altitudes with low oxygen tension will have more). Red blood cells are thus much more common than the other blood particles

P - Perimeter of RBC S - Square of RBC

f - Form factor of RBC (P2/S)D - The maximal size of RBC W - The minimal size of RBC Ext - Eccentricity of RBC ( D/W )

Geometrical parametrs of erythrocytes (RBC)

ResultResult::

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Slim 18.44 28.31 13.27 6.75 5 1.25

Norma 23.17 44.74 12.56 7.9 7.2 1.08

P-mk m S- k v.mk m P2/S D - mk m W - mk m Ext

•Slim - parametrs of erytrocytes for Chernobyl`s clean-up wokers•Norma – parametrs of erytrocytes for practically heath peopele

Hemoglobin structure

• Hemoglobin is nanoparticle with sizes 6,4 x 5,5 x 5,0 nm

• Composed of four globular protein subunits (tetramer) each with a heme group.

• Four types of globin chains occur in pairs containing 141-146 amino acids

• Responsible for cells ability to transport O2 and CO2

• When a ligand is bound to Hb, the heme iron is 6-coordinated

Heme structure of Hemoglobin

Ion of iron Fe2+ is bounding up with molecule of O2 does not change valence, but transferring from high to low spin state.

t2g

eg

eg

t2g

High spin S=2(deoxyhemoglobin)

Low spin S=0(oxyhemoglobin)

Hemoglobin Fe 2+ low and high spin state

Dq high spin < Dq low spin

Fe2+ [Ar]3d6

400 450 500 550 600 650 7000.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

ab

so

rptio

n

Wavelength (nm)

Oxy-Hb

Optical absorption spectra of oxy-hemoglobin (Fe2+ ; S=0)

MethemoglobinFe(II)-heme is oxidized to Fe(III)-heme to form metHb.

MetHb does not bind O2.

oxy-Hb met-Hb

oxyHb(Fe2+) metHb(Fe3+)

t2g

eg

eg

t2g

High spin S=5/2 Low spin S=1/2

Methemoglobin Fe 3+ low and high spin state

Dq high spin < Dg low spin

Fe3+ [Ar]3d5

400 450 500 550 600 650 700

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

Ab

sorp

tion

Wavelength (nm)

Ch No 9

Absorption spectrum of Methemoglobin and Hemoglobin

400 450 500 550 600 650 7000.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

abso

rptio

n

Wavelength (nm)

Oxy-Hb

Optical absorption spectra of oxy-hemoglobin (Fe2+ ; S=0)

400 450 500 550 600 650 700

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

Abs

orpt

ion

Wavelength (nm)

Ch No 9

Absorption spectrum of Methemoglobin and Hemoglobin

CONCLUSIONS

We observed that geometrical parameters of erythrocytes for healthy people differ from geometrical parameters for sick people.

We observed the additional absorption bands 630-660 nm in absorption spectra of blood of Chernobyl clean–up worker who has erythrocytosis. These data shows that the blood of the Chernobyl`s clean –up workers which have erythrocytosis met hemoglobin higher normal.

Perhaps the ion Fe 2+ in the-heme of hemoglobin is oxidized to the Ion Fe3+ in the heme by radiation. While estimating the health status of clean-up workers part of the revealed pathology could be explained by the higher levels of strontium and other radionucleids in the body.