The Oceans Chapters 13 & 14 - The Oceans, Waves, Tides & Currents More than 70% of Earth’s surface is covered by water. Pacific – largest & deepest Atlantic.

The Oceans

Chapters 13 & 14 - The Oceans, Waves, Tides & Currents

•More than 70% of Earth’s surface is covered by water.

Pacific – largest & deepest

Atlantic – ½ the size of the Pacific

Indian – third largest

Southern – surrounds Antarctica – South Pole

Arctic – smallest – mostly frozen – North Pole - shallowest

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BvrzM-BavDg&feature=share&list=PL360BF15470194323origins of the oceans  4 min

http://youtu.be/t90lVO1JkGc4 min Five Oceans

The Ocean Floor

•Continental Shelf – starts at the shore and slopes gently into the ocean

•Continental Slope – begins at the edge of the shelf and continues to the flatter part of the deep ocean floor.

•Ocean Basin – the part of the Earth covered by ocean.

Continental Margin

http://youtu.be/K8blL9Ki2mQ2 min the ocean floor

The Abyssal Plain•Most of the ocean floor is a huge, dark, flat region know as the abyssal plain.•Covered in mud with the remains of animals•One of the flattest places on Earth.

= 2 ½ miles

Deep-Ocean Basinhttp://youtu.be/Uqly8ERIkHM8 ½ min  deep ocean

Ocean Trenches•An ocean trench is a large, V-shaped valley.

•Formed by two oceanic plates pushing into one another and the heaviest plate forced under the other plate.

• Trenches are the deepest places in the oceans.

Deep-Ocean Basin

http://youtu.be/BYjyGfRp3F46 min Formation of the Mariana Trench

Mid-Ocean Ridges

•Mid-ocean ridges are underwater mountain ranges.

•Longest mountain chain on Earth – 40,000+ miles

•Form on the ocean floor where two plates pull apart and magma comes up to form the mountains.

Deep-Ocean Basinhttp://youtu.be/bGye6vlOpbY3 min Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Mid-Ocean Ridges•Where the two tectonic plates pull apart, a rift valley is formed between the ridges of mountains.

•In the Atlantic Ocean, the rift valley is 50-75 miles wide.•New crust is formed in the rift valley.•Iceland was formed from a mountain within a mid-ocean ridge.

Deep-Ocean Basin

Seamounts•Underwater mountains that are far away from mid-ocean ridges are called seamounts.

•Form when melted rock below the crust pushes it way through the ocean floor and cools.

•Volcanic islands formed from seamounts - Hawaiian Islands – Cape Verde Islands (off coast of West Africa)

Deep-Ocean Basin

http://youtu.be/MlqdkuzfvJE3 min Seamounts

Ocean Composition•Microscopic organisms that float or drift freely near the ocean’s surface are called plankton.•Phytoplankton – plant-like•Zooplankton – animal-like

http://youtu.be/xFQ_fO2D7f06 min plankton

Ocean Composition•Ocean water is salty.

•Surface water washes over rocks in rivers and stream dissolving sodium chloride.•Sodium chloride is common table salt.

•Desalination is the process of removing salt from sea water.http://youtu.be/gA_XVxhBmTQ

3 min Desalinationhttp://youtu.be/aFXn1d5baCo2 ½ min why is it salty?

Ocean Waves•Ocean water is always in motion.

•A wave is a traveling disturbance that carries energy from one place to another.•When wind blows across the water, the wind’s energy is transferred to the water.

•As a wave moves, it appears to be moving water forward. •But in reality, the water is moving up and down.

•Most waves wash up along beaches. This movement pushes sand along the beach.

Tsunami•A giant ocean wave that forms after a volcanic eruption, submarine earthquake, or a landslide is called a tsunami.

http://youtu.be/ceym2c18OQM6 min - Japan

http://youtu.be/bG37DEAb3Bc1 min causes

http://youtu.be/eeLlySDmjuwThe Day of the Tsunami 20 min

•At the shore, the level of the ocean rises and falls during the day.•The tide is the rise and fall of ocean water.

•Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and Sun.•The moon’s gravity causes Earth’s surface water to bulge on the side of the Earth closest to the moon.•Most shores have two high and two low tides.

http://youtu.be/wPYeRJyMOAE1 min Bay of Fundy, Canada

http://youtu.be/Rn_ycVcyxlY3 min tides

Tides

Currents•Another kind of ocean motion.

•A current is a flow of water in a certain direction.

•Warm water flows away from the equator.•Cold water flows towards the equator.

•Important current – Gulf Stream (warm ocean current)

Causes of Currents•Global winds are the main cause of surface currents.

•Differences in salinity (saltiness) causes deep currents.

•Earth’s rotation causes currents to move in a clockwise direction in the northern hemisphere.

•An undertow is subsurface current near the shore and pulls objects out to sea.

http://youtu.be/8101vCjM7nY6 min  - the deep oceanhttp://youtu.be/K8blL9Ki2mQ2 min - the ocean floor

http://youtu.be/iajgwP25sGQ4 min - deep sea diving under the North Pole

http://youtu.be/ngrZ7r0XA7M3 min  - oceans conservation

http://youtu.be/q5ZQH2Uzpew4 ½ min. - Vampire Squid

http://youtu.be/nbPNw3JaL7w3 min. - desalination

Created by M. BrumbaughTCMS - 2012

http://mail.colonial.net/~hkaiter/platetectonics.htmlCool website

http://youtu.be/qfhNjpu_IU42 min – Bay of Fundy

http://youtu.be/OP0cpXpw8yk1 ½ min - Bay of Fundy – tides – time lapse

http://youtu.be/90sJGvU-8Z43 min Tidal Bore surfing

http://youtu.be/fcyH0H0ggtA10 min Lost Gold – SS Republic