THE NOCTURNAL BITING HABIT OF VARIOUS GENERA OF MOSQUITO IN TAMAN BERSATU, ARAU, PERLIS MOHD IZWAN IBRAHIM (2011453154) BIO 300 Final Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Diploma in Science in the Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis 1
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THE NOCTURNAL BITING HABITS OF VARIOUS GENERA OF MOSQUITO IN TAMAN BERSATU, ARAU, PERLIS. (UiTM ARAU PERLIS MALAYSIA)
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THE NOCTURNAL BITING HABIT OF VARIOUS GENERA OF MOSQUITO
IN TAMAN BERSATU, ARAU, PERLIS
MOHD IZWAN IBRAHIM (2011453154)
BIO 300 Final Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Diploma in Science in the Faculty of Applied Sciences
Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis
1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamualaikum warahmatullahhi wabarakatuh.
First and foremost, we are truly grateful to Allah S.W.T for all His Divine Guidance. The
Biology 300 project was successfully completed with guidance, grace and inspiration that had
been awarded by Him.
Our deepest appreciation and gratitude to the lecturer, lab assistants and others who
had contributed to our project. We are most thankful towards our own supervisor, Mr. Abdul
Hamid Bin Khalid for being very supportive and helpful in the process of completing our project.
With his guidance and advices, we are able to understand more about the project and the
methods to make it succesful. We are also very grateful for the assistance rendered by En. Abu
Yarasid bin Che Mahmud and En. Baharuddin bin Salleh who had helped us when we were
conducting experiments in the lab.
Finally, not forgetting all of our family members and fellow friends, we are very thankful
to them for they had encouraged and supported us during the whole process. May Allah give
great rewards to all those that had helped in the making of this project. Thank you.
2
ABSTRACT
Mosquitoes were caught by human landing catch twice a week for ten consecutive week
with the catching time from 7pm to 7am at Taman Bersatu Arau, Arau, Perlis. From the results
obtained the highest percentage mosquito caught was Culex sp. which is 53% followed by
Anopheles sp., 21%, Mansonia sp., 13%, and Aedes sp., 13%. From the entomology studies
showed that Culex mosquito was the predominant genus in the study area. Culex sp. was the
predominant genus in Taman Bersatu Arau, Arau, Perlis with the number caught biting being at
345.
Nyamuk telah ditangkap oleh pendaratan manusia menangkap dua kali seminggu
selama sepuluh minggu berturut-turut dengan masa menangkap 7:00-7:00 di Taman Bersatu
Arau, Arau, Perlis. Daripada keputusan yang diperolehi tertinggi peratusan nyamuk ditangkap
adalah Culex sp. yang merupakan 53% diikuti oleh Anopheles sp., 21%, Mansonia sp., 13%,
dan Aedes sp., 13%. Dari kajian entomologi menunjukkan bahawa nyamuk Culex adalah genus
utama di kawasan kajian. Culex sp. telah genus utama di Taman Bersatu Arau, Arau, Perlis
dengan bilangan ditangkap menggigit berada di 345.
3
INTRODUCTION
Mosquitoes are members of a family of nematocerid flies: the Culicidae .The word
"mosquito" is from the Spanish or Portuguese for"little fly". Superficially,mosquitoes
resemble crane flies and chironomid flies as a result, casual observers seldom realize the
important differences between the members of the respective families. In particular, the females
of many species of mosquitoes are blood-eating pests and dangerous vectors of diseases,
whereas members of the similar-looking Chironomidae and Tipulidae are not. Many species of
mosquitoes are not blood eaters, and many of those that do create a "high to low pressure" in
the blood to obtain it do not transmit disease. Also, in the bloodsucking species, only the
females suck blood. Furthermore, even among mosquitoes that do carry important diseases,
neither all species of mosquitoes, nor all strains of a given species transmit the same kinds of
diseases, nor do they all transmit the diseases under the same circumstances; their habits
differ. For example, some species attack people in houses, and others prefer to attack people
walking in forests. Accordingly, in managing public health, knowing which species, even which
strains, of mosquitoes with which one is dealing is important.
Mosquitoes are blood sucking insects that are responsible for the transmission of many
diseases throughout the human and animal populations of the world. Mosquitoes belong to the
family of flies called Culicidae and are small fragile insects that have six delicate legs and two
wings covered in scales. The head of a mosquito is equipped with a projecting proboscis which
conceals and protects the long piercing and sucking mouthparts. Female mosquito are studied
due to their habit in sucking blood from human and animals and thus accidentally they will bring
diseases to human. The time of Culex sp. has two peak biting period that is from 9pm to 12 am
and another at 5am. Besides that , the Anopheles sp. was found to have a peak biting period
from 12am to 2am.
Mosquitoes transmit disease in a variety of ways. In the case of malaria, parasites attach
themselves to the gut of a female mosquito and enter a host as she feeds. In other cases, such
as yellow fever and dengue, a virus enters the mosquito as it feeds on an infected human and is
transmitted via the mosquito’s saliva to a subsequent victim.
All mosquitoes need water to breed, so eradication and population-control efforts usually
involve removal or treatment of standing water sources. Insecticide spraying to kill adult
mosquitoes is also widespread. However, global efforts to stop the spread of mosquitoes are
having little effect, and many scientists think global warming will likely increase their number and
Other than that we also successfully determined the nocturnal biting period of this
various genera of mosquito. From our result, it was shown that Culex sp. has two peak biting
period that is from 9 pm to 12 am and another at 5 am. The Anopheles sp. was found to have a
peak biting period from 12am to 2am. The two peak biting periods for Mansonia sp. are at 9 pm
and 7 am. Lastly, For Aedes sp. also has two peaks biting period which is at 7 pm and 6 am.
Finally, the total amount of the mosquitoes collected during the 5 weeks we conducted is
650 mosquitoes and from the entomology studies showed that Culex sp. was the predominant
genus in our study area with the highest number caught biting being at 345 out of 650.
29
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