The New York Colony By the Asians - Michelle Tung - Helen Tran - Helen Tran - Mengni Wang - Mengni Wang.

The New York ColonyThe New York Colony

By the Asians -By the Asians -Michelle TungMichelle Tung

--Helen TranHelen Tran --Mengni WangMengni Wang

It all started...It all started...►Dutch and Swedish settle the first middle Dutch and Swedish settle the first middle

colony and named it New Netherlandcolony and named it New Netherland►1664, King Charles II of England wanted N1664, King Charles II of England wanted N

ew Netherland so he threatened to start a ew Netherland so he threatened to start a war but Dutch and Swedish settlers gave war but Dutch and Swedish settlers gave up without a fightup without a fight

►King Charles II gives land to his brother JaKing Charles II gives land to his brother James (Duke of York and Albany) and then Jmes (Duke of York and Albany) and then James splits apart New Jersey and New Yorames splits apart New Jersey and New Yorkk

~New York ~New York Colony~Colony~

►One of the original One of the original 13 colonies13 colonies

►Part of the middle Part of the middle coloniescolonies

►Lasted 1626 until Lasted 1626 until 1776 1776

► Joined the rebellion Joined the rebellion against Great against Great Britain and became Britain and became a US state in 1776a US state in 1776

~Founding of the New York ~Founding of the New York colony~colony~

►Founded in 1626 by Peter MinuitFounded in 1626 by Peter Minuit►NYC used to be called “New NYC used to be called “New

Amsterdam”Amsterdam”►Named after the Duke of York & Named after the Duke of York &

Albany (brother of King Charles II of Albany (brother of King Charles II of England)England)

►Reason for founding was for trade and proReason for founding was for trade and profitfit

HistoryHistory► original name- Province of New York (New York and Veroriginal name- Province of New York (New York and Ver

mont)mont)► 1638- Swedish settlement led by Peter Minuit starting th1638- Swedish settlement led by Peter Minuit starting th

e New Sweden colonye New Sweden colony► 1646- Peter Stuyvesant (1602-1672) became Dutch gover1646- Peter Stuyvesant (1602-1672) became Dutch gover

nor of the New Netherlandsnor of the New Netherlands► 1655- Dutch defeat Swedes on the Deleware and Stuyve1655- Dutch defeat Swedes on the Deleware and Stuyve

sant took possesion of the New Sweden colonysant took possesion of the New Sweden colony► 1664- Dutch lose to New Amsterdam to the British and t1664- Dutch lose to New Amsterdam to the British and t

hen was renamed New Yorkhen was renamed New York► Colony became a state on July 26, 1788Colony became a state on July 26, 1788

Climate and GeographyClimate and Geography

► Geography - Mountains in the northeast, Geography - Mountains in the northeast, lowlands from Lake Ontario along the lowlands from Lake Ontario along the Canadian border. Atlantic coastal plain. The Canadian border. Atlantic coastal plain. The general geography of the Middle Colonies had general geography of the Middle Colonies had a mix of the New England and Southern a mix of the New England and Southern features but had fertile soil and land that was features but had fertile soil and land that was suited to farmingsuited to farming. River flows through the area m. River flows through the area made it easy for inland farmers to trade.ade it easy for inland farmers to trade.

► Climate - Middle Colonies had a mild climate Climate - Middle Colonies had a mild climate with warm summers and mild winters that with warm summers and mild winters that were suited to farming and agriculture were suited to farming and agriculture

EconomyEconomy► New York was referred to as a breadbasket colony New York was referred to as a breadbasket colony

because it grew so many crops, especially wheat. The because it grew so many crops, especially wheat. The wheat was ground into flour in flour mills then shipped wheat was ground into flour in flour mills then shipped to England to England

► A typical farm was 50 to 150 acres consisting of a A typical farm was 50 to 150 acres consisting of a house, barn, yard and fieldshouse, barn, yard and fields

► Exported agricultural products & natural resources but werExported agricultural products & natural resources but were also able to manufacture iron ore products such as plows,e also able to manufacture iron ore products such as plows, tools, kettles, locks, nails, & large block of iron which are e tools, kettles, locks, nails, & large block of iron which are exported to Englandxported to England

► prospered because of the good trading set-up with the Indiprospered because of the good trading set-up with the Indiansans

Government/FreedomGovernment/Freedom► has a governor and elected assemblyhas a governor and elected assembly► charter of Liverties gives free rights to all Dutch and Encharter of Liverties gives free rights to all Dutch and En

glish settlersglish settlers► colony was run by a governor appointed by the king of colony was run by a governor appointed by the king of

EnglandEngland► governor make all laws and there was little self-governgovernor make all laws and there was little self-govern

mentment► Colonist freedom- right to elect mayor of New York City Colonist freedom- right to elect mayor of New York City

and the chance to set up an assembly (didn't last long)and the chance to set up an assembly (didn't last long)► first state constitution in 1777 (rewritten many times)first state constitution in 1777 (rewritten many times)► capital was variously located at Kingston, White Plains, capital was variously located at Kingston, White Plains,

Poughkeepsie, and New York City before it was permaPoughkeepsie, and New York City before it was permanent in Albanynent in Albany

► use to be tyrannical when Peter Stuyvesant ruleduse to be tyrannical when Peter Stuyvesant ruled

RightsRights► colonial courts also protecolonial courts also prote

cted individual freedomscted individual freedoms► example... 1733- officials example... 1733- officials

arrested John Peter Zengarrested John Peter Zenger for printing a false stater for printing a false statement that damaged the ement that damaged the reputation of the governoreputation of the governor of New York. Andrew Har of New York. Andrew Hamilton, Zenger's attorney,milton, Zenger's attorney, argued that Zenger could argued that Zenger could pulblish whatever he wispulblish whatever he wish as long as it was trueh as long as it was true

Before the battle of Nicolls and StuyveBefore the battle of Nicolls and Stuyvesantsant

► For more than 300 years, England & Holland werFor more than 300 years, England & Holland were BFFs, but after Thirty Years war, which ended e BFFs, but after Thirty Years war, which ended with Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the power of with Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the power of Spain was crushed and Dutch had nothing to teaSpain was crushed and Dutch had nothing to tear from his Catholic Majesty rose to dispute with Er from his Catholic Majesty rose to dispute with English over control of the seasnglish over control of the seas

► One cause that determined the English on the COne cause that determined the English on the Conquest of Amsterdam was the fact that Dutch ionquest of Amsterdam was the fact that Dutch ignored the Navigation lawgnored the Navigation law

► Another cause was that Dutch colony on Hudson,Another cause was that Dutch colony on Hudson, separated from New England from other Englis separated from New England from other English colonies, threatened British dominionh colonies, threatened British dominion

Nicools v.s. StuyvesantNicools v.s. Stuyvesant► Richard Nicools of royal navy, set out with a small Richard Nicools of royal navy, set out with a small

fleet and some king's veterans. Reaching New Engfleet and some king's veterans. Reaching New England, Nicolls was joined by some militia of Connecland, Nicolls was joined by some militia of Connecticut and Long Island, and soon sailed for the mouticut and Long Island, and soon sailed for the mouth of Hudsonth of Hudson

► Peter Stuyvesant, governor of Fort Orange, heard Peter Stuyvesant, governor of Fort Orange, heard of the fleets arrival at Boston but thought they weof the fleets arrival at Boston but thought they were enforcing a service set on the Puritans so he were enforcing a service set on the Puritans so he went far up the river to quell Indian disturbance. He nt far up the river to quell Indian disturbance. He heard Nicolls was moving toward New Amsterdaheard Nicolls was moving toward New Amsterdam and sped down the river. Nicolls demanded surm and sped down the river. Nicolls demanded surrend of the fortrend of the fort

Nicools v.s. Stuyvesant (cont)Nicools v.s. Stuyvesant (cont)► Stuyvesant refused at first. He tore up to bits a letteStuyvesant refused at first. He tore up to bits a lette

r sent to him by Nicolls and mustered forces for defr sent to him by Nicolls and mustered forces for defense. But people weren't with him because they weense. But people weren't with him because they were tired of the tyrannical government in which they re tired of the tyrannical government in which they had no part so the governor had to yieldhad no part so the governor had to yield

► Fort surrended (1664) without bloodshedFort surrended (1664) without bloodshed► New Amsterdam became New York City after upper New Amsterdam became New York City after upper

Hudson yielded. For Orange became Albany (name Hudson yielded. For Orange became Albany (name after another James's, Duke of York, title) and all of after another James's, Duke of York, title) and all of New Netherland passed under English control.New Netherland passed under English control.

Famous BattleFamous BattleBattle of Long Island:Battle of Long Island:► military conflict between Kingdom of Great Britamilitary conflict between Kingdom of Great Brita

inin► British army & Hessian v.s. AmericanBritish army & Hessian v.s. American► August 27, 1776August 27, 1776► Brooklyn Height, Long Island, New YorkBrooklyn Height, Long Island, New York► George Washington (American) lostGeorge Washington (American) lost

Battle of Long IslandBattle of Long IslandLeader & Commanders: American- George Washington, Israel Putman, William AlexanderBritish- Lord Charles Cornwallis, Sir Henry Clinton, Sir William HoweStrength of ForcesAmerican- 10000 forcesBritish- 20000 forcesNumber of men killed in the battle of long islandAmerican- 300British- 64Number of men woundedAmerican- 800British- 293Number of men capturedAmerican- 1000British- 31

Random Random FactsFacts► Major Cities/Towns - New York City & AlbanyMajor Cities/Towns - New York City & Albany► Religion - Don’t have specific religion (freedom Religion - Don’t have specific religion (freedom

for Quakers, Catholics, Lutherans, Jews and for Quakers, Catholics, Lutherans, Jews and others)others)

► Raw MaterialRaw Material - Good farmland, timber, furs and - Good farmland, timber, furs and coal. Iron ore was a particularly important natural coal. Iron ore was a particularly important natural resourceresource

► Industry - Flax and hemp farms were established in the Industry - Flax and hemp farms were established in the Middle colonies furthering the textiles industries. MajoMiddle colonies furthering the textiles industries. Major industries are manufacturing (ship building and iron r industries are manufacturing (ship building and iron works) and agriculture (grain, rice, indigo, and wheat)works) and agriculture (grain, rice, indigo, and wheat)

► Has big port citiesHas big port cities