The New Rome: The Byzantine Empire - Weebly · The New Rome: The Byzantine Empire????? ... in large part to the ... influenced western styles from the Middle Ages to the

The New Rome:

The Byzantine Empire

??????Did you know?Did you know?

The New Rome will live another 1000 years The New Rome will live another 1000 years after the fall of western Rome!after the fall of western Rome!

The Age of DiocletianThe Age of Diocletian•• 284 AD the formal 284 AD the formal

split from Rome split from Rome will occurwill occur

•• Constantine Constantine moves the capital moves the capital east!east!

•• Lacked the Lacked the problems of Rome problems of Rome WestWest……so the so the transfer made transfer made sense.sense.

Location, LocationLocation, Location

•• Location: perfect located between the Aegean Location: perfect located between the Aegean and Black Seas in what is now and Black Seas in what is now TurkeyTurkey……Perfect location forPerfect location for……??

•• Cultural Melting pot: east and westCultural Melting pot: east and west

The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire

•• Constantinople: the center seat of the Constantinople: the center seat of the Byzantine Empire. Byzantine Empire.

•• Wealthier, better governed, and able to fight off Wealthier, better governed, and able to fight off attacks!attacks!

ByzantiumByzantium•• Originally a Greek fishing colony Originally a Greek fishing colony

established in 660 BCestablished in 660 BC……•• Gradually grew in prosperity due to Gradually grew in prosperity due to

its location and fertile trade routes.its location and fertile trade routes.•• Their Greek influence will be evident Their Greek influence will be evident

in that they will combine some Greek in that they will combine some Greek features with some Roman.features with some Roman.

Byzantine: BlendByzantine: BlendRomanRoman

•• Empire BuildingEmpire Building•• PracticalityPracticality•• WarfareWarfare•• City Building and City Building and

PlanningPlanning•• Roman LawRoman Law

GreekGreek•• LanguageLanguage•• Philosophy: Small Philosophy: Small

groups met groups met discussed the great discussed the great Greek ideasGreek ideas

•• Religion: Eastern Religion: Eastern Orthodoxy will be Orthodoxy will be the synthesis of the synthesis of Greek Christians Greek Christians who separated from who separated from RomeRome

Rome’s Influence

Founded on Two PrinciplesFounded on Two Principles Byzantium CharacteristicsByzantium Characteristics

Principle 1:•• Religion: it was an Religion: it was an

amazing religious amazing religious center that was to center that was to be based on the be based on the Byzantine tradition Byzantine tradition of splendor in of splendor in architecture and architecture and faith.faith.

Principle 2: •• Military: Tough Military: Tough

Army and city! In Army and city! In 1100 years it was 1100 years it was sieged almost sieged almost relentlessly yet fell relentlessly yet fell only 2 timesonly 2 times……due due in large part to the in large part to the militaristic design militaristic design of its cities inside of its cities inside the triple walls of the triple walls of Theodosius ITheodosius I

Cyrillic AlphabetCyrillic Alphabet

The Cyrillic ABCsThe Cyrillic ABCs

•• Slavs are Slavs are converted by converted by Byzantine Byzantine missionariesmissionaries••Influenced the Influenced the Slavs to create the Slavs to create the Cyrillic alphabet to Cyrillic alphabet to translate Bible into translate Bible into Slavic languages in Slavic languages in 864864

The Age of JustinianThe Age of Justinian

• recovered provinces that had been previously overrun by invaders.

--The Byzantine empire The Byzantine empire reached its greatest size reached its greatest size

under Justinian.under Justinian.• launched a program to

beautify Constantinople.-The church of Hagia The church of Hagia

Sophia improved on earlier Sophia improved on earlier Roman buildings.Roman buildings.

Justinian ruled the Byzantine empire from 527 to 565. During his reign, Justinian

1

Byzantine Empire to 1000Byzantine Empire to 1000

Notice the reclaimed lands by the New Rome!Notice the reclaimed lands by the New Rome!

Justinian's ReignJustinian's Reign……• collected and reformed the Roman law

- JustinianJustinian’’s Code was a model for medieval s Code was a model for medieval monarchs, the Roman Catholic Church, and later monarchs, the Roman Catholic Church, and later

legal thinkers. legal thinkers. -- Corpus Juris CivilisCorpus Juris Civilis –– Body of Civil LawBody of Civil Law

• used the law to unite the empire under his control-- Justinian ruled as an autocrat, or sole ruler Justinian ruled as an autocrat, or sole ruler

with complete authority. He also had power over with complete authority. He also had power over the Church. the Church.

-- All leaders following him would follow that All leaders following him would follow that tradition of autocratic rule.tradition of autocratic rule.

And now the wife, TheodoraAnd now the wife, Theodora

•• Born to an animal Born to an animal trainertrainer--bearsbears

•• Worked as an actressWorked as an actress•• Justinian broke the Justinian broke the

law to marry outside law to marry outside of his classof his class

•• Beautiful, charming Beautiful, charming but most of all but most of all intelligent!intelligent!

Reading: Reading: ““TheodoraTheodora””

WomenWomen’’s Rights Advocate!s Rights Advocate!Championed forChampioned for

-- Right to divorce and keep some Right to divorce and keep some propertyproperty

-- Widows to keep their childrenWidows to keep their childrenup on husbandup on husband’’s deaths death

-- Man can not BEAT his wife!Man can not BEAT his wife!Nika RebellionNika Rebellion

--Saves her husbandSaves her husband’’s reign!s reign!

-- BUT, Procopius, the historianBUT, Procopius, the historian

calls her calls her ““an evil, scheming monster!an evil, scheming monster!”” Were her Were her enemies killed in a secret dungeons beneath the enemies killed in a secret dungeons beneath the palace?palace?

Sum it up:Sum it up: JustinianJustinian’’s Achievementss Achievements

•• Recapture Recapture Roman LandsRoman Lands

•• ArchitectureArchitecture•• MosaicsMosaics•• Hagia SophiaHagia Sophia•• BridgesBridges•• Civil Law CodeCivil Law Code

Procopius: Secret History: Justinian

More Hagia SophiaMore Hagia Sophia

In 1935 it became a museum.

Characteristics of ManyCharacteristics of Many Byzantine EmperorsByzantine Emperors

•• Skillful diplomatsSkillful diplomats•• Used spiesUsed spies•• Played one enemy against Played one enemy against

anotheranother•• Bought peace by marring Bought peace by marring

daughters of possible rivalsdaughters of possible rivals•• Were not afraid to use military Were not afraid to use military

force! Loved their force! Loved their ““Greek FireGreek Fire””

Greek Fire In Use!Greek Fire In Use!

Greek FireGreek Fire

••Secret Weapon of the Eastern Roman Secret Weapon of the Eastern Roman EmperorsEmperors

•• A liquid fire; hurled on shipsA liquid fire; hurled on ships

•• Very deadly!Very deadly!

Emperor LeoEmperor Leo• Emperor Leo: uses GREEK

FIRE twice turned back the Muslim Invaders

•• Helped also by its location Helped also by its location and sea wallsand sea walls

•• Crusades will come to Crusades will come to Byzantines in the 1200s Byzantines in the 1200s Constantinople will be Constantinople will be under foreign control for under foreign control for 50 years50 years

•• ButBut…… great curse: The great curse: The Turks want Constantinople!Turks want Constantinople!

Decline of ByzantiumDecline of Byzantium Began roughly 11Began roughly 11thth centurycentury

Internal Problems:Internal Problems:•• The schism The schism (define)(define)

in the Churchin the Church•• High TaxesHigh Taxes•• Too much Too much

expansionexpansion•• Black Death the Black Death the

plague decreases plague decreases the populationthe population

And moreAnd more……

•• In 1453 the Ottoman In 1453 the Ottoman forces had taken most of forces had taken most of Asia Minor and the Asia Minor and the BalkansBalkans

•• A two month siege A two month siege ended with the city walls ended with the city walls broke and the emperor broke and the emperor dead after refusing safe dead after refusing safe passage!passage!

•• Constantinople was Constantinople was renamed Istanbul and renamed Istanbul and became a center of became a center of Muslim culture and Muslim culture and worship even to today!worship even to today!

OttomanOttoman’’s Conqueror s Conqueror Constantinople!Constantinople!

Lasting Impact of ByzantiumLasting Impact of Byzantium•• The development of the The development of the

Eastern Orthodox Church.Eastern Orthodox Church.•• The The ““savingsaving”” of classical of classical

Greek and Roman ideas, law, Greek and Roman ideas, law, and culture by those fleeing and culture by those fleeing the Muslim invaders and the the Muslim invaders and the Muslim traders after the fall Muslim traders after the fall of Constantinople.of Constantinople.

A Different LookA Different Look…… Eastern OrthodoxEastern Orthodox

Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire

Byzantine ReligionByzantine Religion•• East and West Growing Apart? East and West Growing Apart? •• 381 AD refusal to accept 381 AD refusal to accept

authority of the Papacy over the authority of the Papacy over the church in the Eastchurch in the East

•• Byzantines, not Romans Byzantines, not Romans coveted their faith and this was coveted their faith and this was the worlds first religious state.

•• 1054 Differences between the 1054 Differences between the east and west caused a east and west caused a schism, or permanent split; forming the ; forming the Eastern (Greek) Orthodox and Eastern (Greek) Orthodox and the Roman Catholic Churchthe Roman Catholic Church

History: IconsHistory: Icons

Clash Over the Pope and CustomsClash Over the Pope and Customs1.1. Create a two column chart in Create a two column chart in

your notes and head one your notes and head one column Roman Catholic Church column Roman Catholic Church and the other Eastern Orthodox and the other Eastern Orthodox Church.Church.

2.2. With your table partner look With your table partner look over the Chart with the same over the Chart with the same name. Select five differences name. Select five differences that you think most impacted that you think most impacted the schism and the power of the schism and the power of the church. Rank order them in the church. Rank order them in your chart with the number 1 your chart with the number 1 being the most impacting down being the most impacting down to 5. You have three minutes.to 5. You have three minutes.

Pope controlled Church affairsPeople accepted pope’s claim to authority over all ChristiansClergy prohibited from marryingLatin was language of the ChurchChristmas was main holy dayUse of holy images permitted.

Byzantine emperor controlled Church affairsPeople rejected pope’s claim to authority over all ChristiansClergy kept right to marryGreek was language of the Church

Easter was main holy dayEmperor outlawed the use of icons, or holy imagesEventually worship of the icon would return.

Western European ChristianityByzantine Christianity

1054 – Differences between east and west provoked a schism, or permanent split, between the Eastern (Greek) Orthodox and the Roman Catholic Church.

Christianity in East and WestChristianity in East and West

The Byzantine HeritageThe Byzantine Heritage•• Byzantine artists made unique contributions that Byzantine artists made unique contributions that

influenced western styles from the Middle Ages to the influenced western styles from the Middle Ages to the present. present.

Best exampleBest exampleIcons were created to give the believer Icons were created to give the believer

the personal presence of Godthe personal presence of God•• Byzantine scholars preserved the classic works of Byzantine scholars preserved the classic works of

ancient Greece. Greeks scholars took their philosophies ancient Greece. Greeks scholars took their philosophies to Western Europe to Western Europe

ImpactImpactThe movement of those ideas would lay the foundation The movement of those ideas would lay the foundation for the cultural explosion known as the Renaissancefor the cultural explosion known as the Renaissance

•• Greatly influenced Russian societyGreatly influenced Russian society

Grading JustinianGrading Justinian1.1. Develop a Develop a ““report cardreport card”” for Emperor for Emperor

Justinian, which evaluates his Justinian, which evaluates his accomplishments in foreign and domestic accomplishments in foreign and domestic policy.policy.

2.2. Each grade should be accompanied by Each grade should be accompanied by two two sentencessentences of explanation. of explanation.

3.3. Areas for evaluation are:Areas for evaluation are:development and growth of Constantinopledevelopment and growth of Constantinoplesilk productionsilk productionchurch buildingchurch buildingcode of lawscode of lawsleadership styleleadership styleinfluence of his wifeinfluence of his wife

Grading JustinianGrading Justinian4.4. Using Using Connections TodayConnections Today (student textbook). (student textbook).

pages 234pages 234--239, 239, PatternsPatterns, pages 223, pages 223--227 227 and/or and/or A History of the WorldA History of the World, pages 181, pages 181--188, 188, you should be able to secure information to you should be able to secure information to give him his earned grade!give him his earned grade!

5.5. PatternsPatterns and and A History of the WorldA History of the World are are classroom texts. Sources for your report classroom texts. Sources for your report must be listed at the bottom of the must be listed at the bottom of the ““report report card.card.”” A minimum of A minimum of two sourcestwo sources must be must be used.used.

6.6. Be creative in the design of your report card Be creative in the design of your report card and informative too!and informative too!

7.7. Assignment value: 30 points!Assignment value: 30 points!

BibliographyBibliography1. http://www.unf.edu/classes/freshmancore/halsall/core1-

13.htm#Multimedia2. http://www.colby.edu/library/collections/technical_services/wp/Cyrill

ic.html3. http://www.patriarchate.org/HAGIA_SOPHIA/Video_Gallery4. http://www.greece.org/Romiosini/greek_fire.html5. Ellis, Elizabeth and Esler, Anthony. World History: Connections to Today.

Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2003.6. Presentation Pro-World History: Connections to Today. Saddle River,

New Jersey. Prentice Hall, 2003. 7. http://campus.belmont.edu/honors/Ravenna/Ravenna.html