The networking and knowledge hub for the mineral recycling …imformed.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/ODriscoll-IM... · 2016. 3. 17. · route processing buy production Exploration,

The networking and knowledge hub for the mineral recycling business

welcomes you to Rotterdam

and to our inaugural Mineral Recycling conference

• Extensive experience & reputation

• Specialist conferences

• Market research

• Launched in January 2015

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• Market news, reports, analysis

• All Forum details

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AT A GLANCE

A-Z GUIDE

WHICH MINERALS

FOR WHICH

MARKETS

• Leading industrial minerals

• Main raw material feedstock

• Key specified chemical component

• World production

• Main source countries

• Leading consuming markets

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Why “Mineral Recycling”?

Introduction

What are “Secondary Raw Materials”?


Introduction

Moving towards a circular economy – “Closing the loop”

Secondary Raw Materials

Source: EC

Industrial minerals market structure

Supply chain can be simplified into three key business tiers

SUPPLY

LOGISTICS

MARKET

Direction

of supply Direction

of demand

Introduction


Mineral producer (own mine)

Mineral processor/distributor

Intermediate product manufacturer

End user market

Mineral trader

Trad. Captive Direct Captive

route processing buy production

Exploration, reserves, mining,

processing

Sourcing, logistics, financing

Sourcing, processing, storage,

logistics

Sourcing, processing, storage,

logistics, formulating, application

End use application ©IMFORMED 2016 | imformed.com

Supply chain options

Introduction

Recycling

SRM source* SRM recovered Market

Aluminium salt slag

alumina cement; ceramics; geopolymers;

metallurgy; mineral wool;

refractories;

Batteries graphite; lithium; manganese

dioxide

batteries; ceramics; chemicals;

glass; refractories

Fly ash

aluminosilicate ceramics; coatings; construction;

foundry; plastics; proppants (oil &

gas drilling)

Glass REE; silica abrasives; chemicals; coatings;

concrete; glass; plastics; sealants

Gypsum wallboard gypsum wallboard

Refractories

alumina; andalusite; bauxite;

chromite; dolomite; mag-carbon;

graphite; magnesia; silicon

carbide; zirconia

ceramics; metallurgy; refractories

Steel slag

alumina; calcia; magnesia; silica abrasives; aggregate; cement;

concrete; fertiliser; filtration;

metallurgy

Waste water phosphorus fertiliser

WEEE** antimony trioxide; bromine FR;

fluorspar; graphite; REE

batteries; ceramics;

chemicals; flame retardants

Secondary Raw Materials (SRM) for industrial mineral markets


* ie. waste from processing, or used/discarded mineral-bearing end products to be recycled

** waste electrical and electronic equipment

Introduction

Refractory minerals

Introduction


Refractory

classification

Industrial mineral

(incl. synthetic)

Main chemical component Primary source country

BASIC

Dead burned magnesia 85-99.8% MgO China

Fused magnesia 97-99.8% MgO China

Dead burned dolomite 56-62% MgO, 36-40% CaO USA

Chromite >46% Cr2O3 South Africa

Sintered/fused spinel 66-80% Al2O3, 21-33% MgO China

Olivine 40-50% MgO, 35-45% SiO2 Norway

ACIDIC

High alumina

Low alumina

Silica

Calcined alumina >99.5% Al2O3 China

Fused alumina 94-99.5% Al2O3 China

Calcined bauxite 85-88% Al2O3 China

Sintered/fused mullite 40-75% Al2O3 USA

Andalusite, sillimanite, kyanite 60-65% Al2O3 South Africa

Refractory clays 20-45% Al2O3 China

Pyrophyllite 20-30% Al2O3 South Korea

Quartzite, silica sand >97% SiO2 Regional

Fused silica >99.8% SiO2 USA

SPECIALISED

Zircon 66% ZrO2+HfO2 Australia

Zirconia >99% ZrO2 China

Silicon carbide >93% SiC China

Graphite 75-99% C China

INSULATING

Diatomite >75% SiO2 USA

Perlite 65-80% SiO2 China

Vermiculite 45% SiO2 South Africa

About 35m tpa of some 24 different minerals are consumed in world

refractories production

Refractory recycling

Source: original schematic REFRASORT

Process flow chart

EU refractory recyclate

• 20% refractories recycled as SRM (PRE)

• 750-800,000 tpa theoretical (Roskill 2015)

EU refractory recycling processors

• Deref, Italy

• Harsco Metals & Minerals, UK

• Horn & Co., Germany

• LKAB Minerals, UK, Netherlands

• REF Minerals, Latvia

• Valoref, France

Magnesia 47%

Dolomite 21%

Alumina/ bauxite

17%

Clays 10%

Others 5%

Introduction



Drivers

Introduction

• Minimising landfill costs

• Conserving energy use

• Conserving primary raw materials

• Rising costs of PRM

• General trend to “zero waste” economy

• Challenge to develop new mines in EU

• Critical/Stategic mineral awareness


Drivers

Introduction

• Rising costs of PRM: fused magnesia, dead burned magnesia

Source: RHI 2016


Drivers

Introduction

Source: RHI 2016

• Challenge to develop new mines in EU: Magna magnesite mine in Spain

Source: Magna 2011

European Commission Raw Materials Initiative 2008

Heavy rare earths

Light rare earths

Natural graphite Magnesite

Fluorspar

Phosphate

Borates

Barytes

CRITICAL

NOT CRITICAL

Potash Diatomite

Bentonite, Perlite,

Clays, Feldspar,

Talc

Lithium, Gypsum,

Silica sand, Limestone

Economic importance

Supply

ris

k

Source: Original chart European Commission

Introduction


Chromite

Bauxite

Drivers

• Critical/Stategic mineral awareness


Indicators

Introduction

• EC Pan-European initiatives

Raw Materials Initiative

3rd Pillar = Resource efficiency and supply of secondary

raw materials through recycling.

European Innovation Partnership

Pilot actions for recycling; Regulatory framework for

secondary raw materials

Horizon 2020

Work Programme = Climate Action, Environment, Resource

Efficiency and Raw Materials


Indicators

Introduction

New Circular Economy Package 2 December 2015 Revised Legislative Proposals on Waste; €650m from Horizon 2020

Development of quality standards for secondary raw materials to increase

the confidence of operators in the single market

Measures to promote reparability, durability and recyclability of products,

in addition to energy efficiency

Cross-border circulation of secondary raw materials through the use of an

electronic data exchange

A common EU target for recycling 65% of municipal waste by 2030

A common EU target for recycling 75% of packaging waste by 2030

Concrete measures to promote re-use and stimulate industrial symbiosis –

turning one industry's by-product into another industry's raw material


Indicators

Introduction

• Projects

AluSalt (Horizon 2020) efficient aluminium salt cake recycling

technology

GtoG (GypsumToGypsum): gypsum waste recycling

Mud2Metal recovery of critical metals from bauxite residues (red mud)

P-REX phosphorus recycling from sewage sludge

ProSUM Prospecting Secondary raw materials from the Urban Mine and

Mining waste: a centralised database on arisings, stocks, flows

and treatment of WEEE, end-of-life vehicles (ELVs), batteries,

and mining wastes.

RARE³ recycling and reuse of rare earths and other critical metals

REFRASORT automated sorting of spent refractories for high grade recycling

WEEE Forum focusing on the challenge of electrical and electronic waste


Indicators

Introduction

• Process/Sorting technology development

eg. Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

• Increasing interest in SRM processing

eg. Horn Group, LKAB Minerals

• Added value product development

eg. Fly ash

Ceramic proppants: LWP Technologies, Australia

Alumina: Inner Mongolia Mengxi High-Tech

Group Co. Ltd, China


Challenges

Introduction

• Not cost-competitive with PRM

• Stigma of using a “waste” product

• Quality control issues: making the grade

• Sourcing adequate supply of waste

material

• Compatability in product formulations

• Permits/legislation in handling/treating

waste material: clarity, consistency, across

country borders

• Investment in process/sorting technology

• Assurance of long term supply of

consistent quality of SRM


Outlook

Introduction

• Clarification and consistency in legislation,

regulations, and licences regarding handling,

processing, and trade in waste and SRM

• SRM on purchaser’s menu in future

• Increased competition with PRM

• More and improved automation systems;

development of mobile sorting systems

• More companies getting involved; evolution of

supply chain of sources, processing, trading,

distribution, logistics

• Development of new product formulations to

enhance/ease SRM use and ultimate recyclability

• Increasing long term strategic alliances between

waste sources, recyclers, and end users

• Education of end users to positively engage in

and recognise benefits of recycling


Programme


Programme


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The networking and knowledge hub for the mineral recycling …imformed.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/ODriscoll-IM... · 2016. 3. 17. · route processing buy production Exploration,

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