THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Bell Work
Go to page 137-8 in the small A&P book.
Define:
Neuroglia and neuron
Afferent neurons (sensory)
Efferent neurons (motor)
Associate or interneurons
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system2
Exercise Science Standards
8) Review the gross and cellular anatomy and physiology
of the musculoskeletal, nervous, and cardiovascular
systems. Define the terms neuromuscular integration and
central command. Summarize how neuromuscular
integration, central command, and training and/or
rehabilitation plans are based on the integration of the
muscle nerve with the muscles of these systems.
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system3
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system4
OBJECTIVES
IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES AND
FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM.
Overall function of the nervous
system
Communication and coordination
system of the body
Monitors body’s conditions and takes
corrective action – to maintain
homeostasis
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system6
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system 7
Cellular structures of the nervous
systemNeuron- a nerve cell
Extensions of the neuron
Dendrites -receive information
from the environment, contain nerve
cell processes that carry impulse to
cell body
Axon (one) – generates and
sends signals to other cells, carries
impulse away from cell body
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system8
Cellular structures of the nervous
system
Neuron- a nerve cell
Myelin sheath - a
special covering of the
axon
Synapse – the space
between neurons
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system9
Structures of the nervous system
Central nervous
system
Brain
Spinal cord
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system10
Structures of the nervous system
Peripheral nervous
system
Nerves
Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Sensory receptors
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system11
Structures of the
central nervous system:
BRAIN
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system12
Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Cerebrum
Divided into two hemispheres (right and left)
Frontal lobe
Occipital lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Functions of Cerebral Lobes
Frontal – motor activities, conscious
thought, speech, memory
Parietal- body sense perception, primary
taste, and speech
Occipital – vision
Temporal – hearing, taste, language
comprehension, integration of emotion
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system13
Cerebrum
Largest part of brain
Divided into right and left hemispheres by
longitudinal fissure and divided from cerebellum
by transverse fissure
Surface is not smooth, but broken by ridges, gyri
and grooves, sulci
Convolutions –elevated folds, increase surface
area of the brain, more space
Lobes named for skull bones that cover them3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system14
Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Cerebellum Posterior to cerebrum
Surface is convoluted like that of
cerebrum
Involved in sensory collection,
motor coordination, and balance
Composed of two hemispheres
Controls all body function related
to skeletal muscles– balance &
posture, muscle tone,
coordination of muscle
movements
Fine tunes voluntary skeletal
muscle activity3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system15
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system16
Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN Diencephalon
Located between the
cerebrum and the
midbrain
Structures
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal body
Pituitary gland
What system are
these also a part of?
Corpus Callosum Collection of neurons
(white matter) that
connects left and right
hemispheres
Connection allows for
cross-communication
between right and left
sides of brain
Contra lateral-control
opposite sides of body
Many day-to-day
activities, like walking or
driving, require both sides
of body, and therefore both
sides of brain, to be well
coordinated 3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system17
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system18
Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Brain stem- Stalk-like structure inferior to,
and partially covered by,
cerebrum
Pathway for ascending and
descending tracts from spinal
cord to cerebrum
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system20
Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Meninges
Dura mater
Outermost
layer
Arachnoid
Middle layer
Pia mater
Innermost
layer
Meninges
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system21
Dura mater -outer layer lines the inside of the skull, tough dense fibrous connective tissue
Arachnoid mater- middle layer, is wispy delicate layer resembling spider web composed of collagen and elastic fibers acting as shock absorber, and transporting dissolved gases and nutrients as well as chemical messengers and waste products to CSF
Pia mater- innermost layer, contains blood vessels that serve brain and spinal cord
Meninges spaces
Subdural - space between dura and
arachnoid space
Subarachnoid space-between arachnoid and
pia mater
Epidural space- in spinal cord area of fluid
and blood vessels ( used in anesthesia)
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system22
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system23
Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Ventricles - lined cavities
deep within the brain
filled with cerebrospinal
fluid
Choroid plexus – rich
network of blood vessels
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system24
Structures of the
central nervous system:
Spinal Cord Surrounded by the
vertebrae, meninges, and
cerebrospinal fluid
Conduction pathway for
the brain and the rest of
the body
Reflex center
She’s A Real Brain!!!
Activity:
Complete the
worksheet with your
small group.
Then create 10 more
activities that may be
assigned to different
parts of the brain.
For these 10 activities,
the answers should be
one of the lobes of the
brain!!!!
Exit ticket:
Complete the back of
the worksheet!!!
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system25
Online Activities
Brain Dominance Test
http://www.ipn.at/ipn.asp?BHX
https://openpsychometrics.org/tests/OHBDS/
Reaction Time Test
https://www.justpark.com/creative/reaction-
time-test/
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system26
Activity
Create a layered model of the brain.
Include all of the parts of the cerebrum,
cerebellum, and brain stem.
Include the parts of the diencephalon.
Label each and include a brief function of each
(this may be on the back if you do not have
enough room).
Include graphics if you can to help remember the
function (for example: occipital lobe- eye glasses
to represent vision).
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system27
Day 2 Bell Work
Go to the class website. Choose the Brain
Dominance Test.
Write down your answers and a 3-5
sentence summary of the explanations at the
end.
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system28
Standard
8) Review the gross and cellular anatomy and physiology
of the musculoskeletal, nervous, and cardiovascular
systems. Define the terms neuromuscular integration and
central command. Summarize how neuromuscular
integration, central command, and training and/or
rehabilitation plans are based on the integration of the
muscle nerve with the muscles of these systems.
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system29
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system30
OBJECTIVES
IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES AND
FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM.
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system32
Structures of the nervous system
Peripheral
nervous system
12 cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal
nerves
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system33
Structures of the
peripheral nervous system I. Olfactory
II. Optic
III. Oculomotor
IV. Trochlear
V. Trigeminal
VI. Abducens
VII. Facial
VIII. Vestibulocochlear (Acoustic)
IX. Glossopharyngeal
X. Vagus
XI. Accessory
XII. Hypoglossal
The cranial nerves are named
also as Roman Numerals.
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system34
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system35
Structures of the nervous system
Somatic nervous system
(Voluntary)
These nerves are located along the spinal cord.
Connect skeletal, muscles and joints to the brain.
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system36
Structures of the nervous system
Peripheral
nervous system
31 pairs of spinal
nerves
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system37
Structures of the
nervous system
Peripheral
nervous system
12 cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal
nerves
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system38
Structures of the
peripheral nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Somatic nervous system
39
Structures of the nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
(Involuntary)
Sympathetic nervous system Extends from the base
of the brain, along both sides of the spinal column
These nerves connect to all internal organs
Think ‘auto-pilot’
Parasympathetic nervous system The vagus nerve
connects the medullawith organs of the upper body
The pelvic nerve emerges from the spinal cord and connects with the organs of the lower body
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system42
With a partner…
Practice assessing the cranial nerves with your
partner!!!
Highlight the most important information on your
worksheets. Then follow the instructions to
assess your partner!