The Nervous System

7th Edition

Medical Terminology for Health ProfessionsAnn Ehrlich/Carol L.Schroeder

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

The Nervous System

Chapter 10


Overview of Structures, Combining Forms,and Functions of the Nervous System


Divisions of Nervous System

• Central nervous system – includes brain andspinal cord

• Peripheral nervous system – includes 12 pairsof cranial nerves and 31 pairs of peripheralspinal nerves

(continues)


Divisions of Nervous System


The Neurons

• Basic cells of nervous system• Carry nerve impulses throughout body• Afferent neurons• Connecting neurons• Efferent neurons

(continues)


The Neurons


Brain

• Primary Function– Coordinates all activities of the body by

receivingand transmitting messages throughout the body

• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)– encephal/o


Major Parts of the Brain

• Cerebrum• Thalamus• Hypothalamus• Cerebellum• Brainstem

(continues)


Major Parts of the Brain


Cerebrum

• Cerebrum – largest and uppermost portionof brain

– divided into right and left hemispheres– hemispheres subdivided to create pairs of

cerebral lobes


Cerebral Hemispheres


• Cerebral lobes– frontal lobe: controls skilled motor functions,

memory, behavior– pariental lobe: receives and interprets nerve

impulses from sensory receptors in tongue,skin, muscles

– occipital lobe: controls eyesight– temporal lobe: controls hearing and smell, and

ability to create, store, and access new information

Cerebral Lobes


Cerebral Lobes


Spinal Cord

• Primary Function– Transmits nerve impulses between the brain,

limbs, and lower part of the body• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)

– myel/oNote: Myel/o also means bone marrow.


Nerves

• Primary Function – Receive and transmit messages to and from all

parts of the body • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)

– neur/i, neur/o


Cranial Nerves


Peripheral Spinal Nerves


Autonomic Nerves System


Sensory Organs and Receptors

• Primary Functions– Receive external stimulation and transmit these

stimuli to the sensory neurons Eyes (sight) Ears (hearing) Nose (smell) Skin (touch) Tongue (taste)


Key Word Parts and Definitions

• caus/o – burning, burn

• cerebr/o – cerebrum, brain

• concuss/o – shaken together, violently agitated

• contus/o – bruise

(continues)



• encephal/o – brain

• -esthesia – sensation, feeling

• esthet/o – feeling, nervous sensation, sense of perception

• -graphy – the process of producing a picture or record

(continues)



• mening/o – membranes, meninges

• myel/o – spinal cord, bone marrow

• neur/i, neur/o – nerve, nerve tissue

• phobia – abnormal fear

(continues)



• psych/o – mind

• radicul/o – root or nerve root

• tropic – having an affinity for


Parkinson’s Disease

Click Here to play Parkinson’s Disease animation


Questions


Question

The most sensitive cluster of nerves is at thefront of the brain.

True or False?


Answer

False. The most sensitive cluster of nerves is atthe base of the spine.


Question

The human brain is 80%–85% water. True or False?


Answer

True


Question

How much of the oxygen used by the humanbody is utilized by the brain?

a. over 10%b. over 25%c. over 50%


Answer

b. Over 25%


Question

The human body transmits nerve impulses atabout 300 feet a second.

True or False?


Answer

True


Answers to Learning Exercises


Matching Word Parts 110.1. esthet/o10.2. encephal/o10.3. contus/o10.4. psych/o10.5. concuss/o

Matching Word Parts 210.6. mening/o10.7. -graphy10.8. -esthesia10.9. myel/o10.10. radicul/o

Chapter 10 Answers


Matching Word Parts 310.11. phobia10.12. caus/o10.13. cerebr/o10.14. neur/o10.15. -tropic

Definitions10.16. synapse10.17. myelin sheath10.18. dendrites10.19. pia mater10.20. hypothalamus10.21. sympathetic10.22. plexus10.23. peripheral10.24. thalamus10.25. efferent

Chapter 10 Answers


Matching Structures10.26. brainstem10.27. hypothalamus10.28. cerebellum10.29. medulla oblongata10.30. cerebrum

Which Word?10.31. anesthesiologist10.32. coma10.33. anxiolytic10.34. hallucination10.35. acrophobia

Chapter 10 Answers


Spelling Counts10.36. migraine10.37. Alzheimer’s10.38. anesthetic10.39. epilepsy10.40. sciatica

Abbreviation Identification10.41. cerebral palsy10.42. cerebrospinal fluid10.43. obsessive-compulsive

disorder10.44. post-traumatic stress

disorder10.45. transient ischemic

attack

Chapter 10 Answers


Term Selection10.46. delirium10.47. myelitis10.48. claustrophobia10.49. trigeminal neuralgia10.50. dyslexia

Sentence Completion10.51. cerebral contusion10.52. anxiety disorders10.53. dysthymia10.54. factitious10.55. antipsychotic

Chapter 10 Answers


Word Surgery10.56. an-, esthet, -ic10.57. somn, ambul, -ism10.58. electr/o, encephal/o, -graphy10.59. par-, -esthesia10.60. poli/o, myel, -itis

True/False10.61. True10.62. True10.63. False10.64. False10.65. True

Chapter 10 Answers


Clinical Conditions10.66. bipolar10.67. concussion10.68. transient ischemic10.69. thalamotomy10.70. multiple sclerosis10.71. insomnia10.72. aphasia10.73. syncope10.74. hydrocephalus10.75. hematoma

Which Is the Correct Medical Term?10.76. causalgia10.77. hypnotic10.78. conversion10.79. epidural10.80. amyotrophic lateral

sclerosis

Chapter 10 Answers


Challenge Word Building10.81. neuromyelitis10.82. meningomalacia10.83. neuroma10.84. encephalopathy10.85. polyneuralgia10.86. neuromalacia10.87. meningoencephalitis10.88. myelopathy10.89. encephalomalacia10.90. meningoencephalomyelitis

Labeling Exercises10.91. cerebral10.92. frontal10.93. temporal10.94. parietal10.95. occipital10.96. thalamus10.97. hypothalamus10.98. medulla oblongata10.99. spinal10.100. cerebellum

Chapter 10 Answers

The Nervous System

Documents

cengage learning

rights reserved7major

rights reserved8major

rights reserved5the

bodyrelated word parts

body related word parts

nervous systemchapter

controls eyesighttemporal