THE NEED FOR A MANDATORY PHYSICAL FITNESS …77% of all female firefighters were above the ideal body fat percentage of 23% 69% of all female firefighters scored below the ideal vertical

Fitness Appraisal, Inc. Corporate Office: PO Box 1566, Big Bear Lake, CA 92315. 760-525-8298. Bob Antonacci, MSEd Exercise Physiologist. President. Website: fitnessappraisalinc.com Arizona Office: PO Box 1771, Dewey, AZ 86327. 928-899-0705. Chris Krogedal. Director Arizona State.

THE NEED FOR A MANDATORY PHYSICAL FITNESS PROGRAM FOR

FIREFIGHTERS

PHYSICAL FITNESS TRENDS AND NORMATIVE DATA OF SELECTIVE HEALTH AND FITNESS PARAMETERS

OF FIREFIGHTERS THROUGHOUT THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA. THE DATABASE INCLUDES 4,423

LIFE/YEARS SPREAD OVER A PERIOD OF 14 YEARS.

INTRODUCTION

With the new reforms on firefighter retirement benefits increasing the age to 57 for full benefits to kick in, will the advancing age firefighter be fit for duty? Under the current conditions, the answer is clearly no. In fact, the data in this report will demonstrate that all firefighters above 39 who have an ideal Max VO2 value of 45 or higher or an ideal Body Fat Percentage of 19% or less or a Physical Performance Score1500 or higher is above the 50 percentile.

The data presented in this report also identifies a decline in the fitness profile of firefighters as they progress in age. It is apparent in the literature that the average sores in selected fitness parameters for the general population do decrease with increasing age. However, firefighters, regardless of age have to maintain an appropriate standard in selected fitness parameters, those that have a high correlation with firefighter tasks. In order to achieve this goal as a firefighter increases in age his/her’s fitness standards must move up the percentile ranking.

The following data will demonstrate that this does not occur. As a firefighter increases in age there is a steady decline in the physical fitness status. Furthermore, the data also demonstrates that in every age category the percentage of firefighters who do not reach ideal scores in selected fitness parameters increases significantly.

We also have data on firefighters who had documented coronary artery disease and/or died of a cardiovascular event during the past 30 years. We provided a profile of these firefighters at the end of this report. One common dominator among all of these firefighters were that they were 46 or older.

An interesting observation, it should be noted that the reason why some firefighters could not meet the minimal fitness standards in selected fitness parameters was due to an acute injury, but were on full active duty without restrictions.

Highlights of the data among male firefighters are:

� The percentage of firefighters who cannot obtain the ideal Physical Performance Score of 1500 in the 20-24 age group is10% and increases linearly up to 78% in the 60 plus age group.

� The percentage of firefighters with a body fat percentage above the ideal score of 19% is 38% in the 20-24 age group and increases linearly up to 78% by age 60 pulse age group.

� Research has documented that to perform firefighter tasks requires a Max VO2 up to 45 ml/kg/min. The percentage of firefighters who cannot obtain an ideal Max VO2 score of 45 ml/kg/min is 23% in the 20-24 age group, age 34 and older over 50% do not meet the minimum requirement and this profile increases linearly up to 71% by the 55-59 age group and drops to 58% in the 60 pulse age group.

� The percentage of firefighters who cannot obtain the ideal push-up score of 50 in the 20-24 age group is 35% and increases linearly up to 68% in the 60 plus age group.

� The percentage of firefighters who cannot obtain an ideal two minute abdominal curl score of 80 is 14% in the 20-24 age group and increases linearly up to 48% by the 55-59 age group and drops slightly to 46% in the 60 plus age group.

� The percentage of firefighters who cannot obtain an ideal grip strength score of 60 kg is 21% in the 20-24 age group and increases linearly up to 49% by the 60 plus age group.

� The percentage of firefighters who cannot obtain the ideal vertical jump score of 18 inches is 1% in the 20-24 age group and increases linearly up to 36% by the 55-59 age group and drops slightly to 33% in the 60 plus age group.

� A firefighter above the age of 25 who has a body fat percentage at 19% or less is in the 51 percentile and it increases linearly to the 88% by age 60 and above.

� All firefighters above 39 who have an ideal Max VO2 value of 45 or higher or an ideal Body Fat Percentage of 19% or less or a Physical Performance Score1500 or higher is above the 50 percentile.

� Firefighter normative data shows that Max VO2 values on average are 7% higher than the general population in all percentile rankings among various

age groups. Thus, a firefighter’s cardio respiratory endurance is 7% higher than the general population.

� The percentage of firefighters with blood triglyceride levels above 150 is 13% in the 20-24 age group and increases linearly up to 37% by the 50-54 age group and drops slightly to 34% in the 55-59 age group and drops again to 24% in the 60 plus age group.

� The percentage of firefighters with borderline high blood cholesterol levels between 201 and 239 is 14% in the 20-24 age group and increases linearly up to 31% by the 40-44 age group and drops slightly to 29% in the 45-54 age group and increases to 33% in 55-59 age group and increases significantly to 45% in the 60 plus age group.

Highlights of the data among female firefighters are: Since the population among female firefighters was 86 life/years, the data was not separated by age group. The ages among female firefighters ranged from 22-63.

� 88% of all female firefighters scored below the ideal Physical Performance Score of 1500.

� 86% of all female firefighters scored below the ideal push-up score of 50.

� 82% of all female firefighters scored below an ideal Max VO2 score of 45 ml/kg/min.

� 77% of all female firefighters were above the ideal body fat percentage of 23%

� 69% of all female firefighters scored below the ideal vertical jump score of 18 inches.

� 66% of all female firefighters scored below the ideal score of 80 abdominal curls in two minutes.

� 45% of all female firefighters scored below the ideal grip strength score of 38 kg.

PERCENTILE RANKING BY AGE GROUP FOR THOSE WHO HAVE SCORES AT OR ABOVE IDEAL IN MAX VO2 (45ml/kg/min), BODY FAT PERCENTAGE (19%) AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE SCORE (1500):

AGE GROUP

VO2 45 OR ABOVE

BODY FAT % 19 OR LESS

PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE SCORE 1500 OR ABOVE

20-25 27 percentile 38 percentile 13 percentile








60+ 76 percentile 88 percentile 96 percentile

MINIMAL AND MAXIMAL RANGES OF PERFORMANCE SCORE PARAMETERS BY AGE GROUP

AGE 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60+

WEIGHT 134 331

134 353

129 340

124 299

138 315

143 297

151 297

153 289

161 267

FAT % 4.9 38.8

3.8 38.6

4.2 42.8

7.2 42.3

6.2 44

5.1 44

8.8 44

11.4 40.9

16 38.8

MAX VO2

27 70.6

27.9 76.7

24.7 74.2

23.1 76.8

24.3 69.6

18.1 73.2

22.9 68

22.8 60.3

27.1 57.3

PUSH UPS

6 140

3 119

2 108

2 106

2 102

2 123

2 123

5 79

5 50

GRIP 43 85

37 83

38 79

37 88

21 84

37 80

36.6 76

40 74

32 68

AB CURLS

44 174

38 170

31 171

6 187

17 190

5 170

6 170

16 134

17 142

JUMP 13 34.5

8 34

11 32

11.5 31.5

12.5 39.3

11 27.5

10.5 34

12 31

8 29

P-SCORE

1360 1965

1122 1943

1135 1855

1123 1906

1130 1787

978 1804

978 1804

958 1719

1280 1395

We compared the Max VO2 data of firefighters and compared it to the Max VO2 obtained from the general population by the Cooper Institute (population of over 15,000). MALES: AGE: 20-24 NUMBER OF FIREFIGHTER LIFE/YEARS PER AGE GROUP:250 FIREFIGHTER GENERAL PARAMETER 25 %

RANK 50 % RANK

75% RANK

25 % RANK

50 % RANK

75% RANK

MAX VO2 36 48.5 54.7 39.5 43.9 49.2

% ABOVE GENERAL POP

-9% 9.5% 10%

MALES: AGE: 25-29 NUMBER OF FIREFIGHTER LIFE/YEARS PER AGE GROUP: 496

FIREFIGHTER GENERAL PARAMETER 25 %

RANK 50 % RANK

75% RANK

25 % RANK

50 % RANK

75% RANK

MAX VO2 42.8 47.1 52.5 39.5 43.9 49.2

% ABOVE GENERAL POP

8% 7% 6%



RANK 50 % RANK

75% RANK

25 % RANK

50 % RANK

75% RANK

MAX VO2 41.4 45.9 52.1 37.6 42.4 47.5

% ABOVE GENERAL POP

9% 9% 9%



RANK 50 % RANK

75% RANK

25 % RANK

50 % RANK

75% RANK

MAX VO2 39.6 44.8 50.3 37.6 42.4 47.5

% ABOVE GENERAL POP

5% 5% 5%



RANK 50 % RANK

75% RANK

25 % RANK

50 % RANK

75% RANK

MAX VO2 39.4 43.9 49.5 35.7 40.4 45.4

% ABOVE GENERAL POP

9% 8% 8%


FIREFIGHTER GENERAL PARAMETER 25%

RANK 50% RANK

75% RANK

25% RANK

50% RANK

75% RANK

MAX VO2 37.7 42.5 47.3 35.7 40.4 45.4

% ABOVE GENERAL POP

5% 5% 4%



RANK 50 % RANK

75% RANK

25 % RANK

50 % RANK

75% RANK

MAX VO2 38.5 41.2 45.5 32.3 36.7 41.8

% ABOVE GENERAL POP

16% 11% 8%



RANK 50 % RANK

75% RANK

25 % RANK

50 % RANK

75% RANK

MAX VO2 35.7 38.9 42.6 32.3 36.7 41.8

% ABOVE GENERAL POP

9% 5% 1%

PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION OVER IDEAL 19% BODY FAT BY AGE GROUP

AVERAGE BODY FAT PERCENTAGE BY AGE GROUP

20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+

20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+

IDEAL 19%

PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION UNDER IDEAL 45 MAX VO2 BY AGE GROUP

AVERAGE MAX VO2 BY AGE GROUP

20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+

20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+

IDEAL 45

PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION UNDER IDEAL 60kg GRIP STRENGTH BY AGE GROUP

AVERAGE GRIP STRENGTH BY AGE GROUP

20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+

20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+

IDEAL 60

PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION UNDER IDEAL 80 ABDOMINAL CURLS BY AGE GROUP

AVERAGE 2 MIN ABDOMINAL CURLS BY AGE GROUP

20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+

20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+

IDEAL 80

PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION UNDER IDEAL 18in VERTICAL JUMP BY AGE GROUP

AVERAGE VERTICAL JUMP BY AGE GROUP

20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+

20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+

IDEAL 18

PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION UNDER IDEAL 50 PUSH UPS BY AGE GROUP

AVERAGE PUSH UPS BY AGE GROUP

20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+

20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+

IDEAL 50

PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION UNDER IDEAL 1500 PERFORMANCE SCORE BY AGE GROUP

AVERAGE PERFORMANCE SCORE BY AGE GROUP

20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+

20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+

IDEAL 1500

PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION WITH TRIGLYCERIDES EQUAL OR OVER 150 BY AGE GROUP

PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION WITH BODERLINE HIGH CHOLESTEROL (200-239) BY AGE GROUP

20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+

20-24: 25-29: 30-34: 35-39: 40-44: 45-49: 50-54: 55-59: 60+

FEMALE PROFILE Population #: 86 Life/Years. Age group ranges: 22-63

Scatter graphs of scores from female firefighters by increasing age.

WEIGHT

RANGE: 114-208

BODY FAT PERCENTAGE

20 SCORES AT OR BELOW 23: 23%

IDEAL

MAX VO2

16 SCORES AT OR ABOVE 45: 18%

IDEAL

PUSH UPS


IDEAL

ABDOMINAL CURLS


IDEAL

GRIP STRENGTH


IDEAL

VERTICAL JUMP

27 SCORES AT 18 OR ABOVE: 31%

IDEAL

PERFORMANCE SCORE

10 SCORES 1500 OR ABOVE: 12%

IDEAL

MALES: AGE: 20-24 NUMBER OF FIREFIGHTER LIFE/YEARS PER AGE GROUP:250 PARAMETER AVG # ABOVE OR

BELOW IDEAL (% OF POPULATION))

SD 25 % RANK

50 % RANK

75% RANK

MIN RANGE

MAX RANGE

WEIGHT 195.7 35.3 172 187 211 134 331

RHR 68 11.3 66

SBP 120 >=140: 22 (9%) 12.8 118 92 158

DBP 75.5 >=90: 28 (11%) 9.8 76 40 102

BODY FAT% 18.1 >19%: 95 (38%) 7.2 22.9 16.8 12.5 4.9 38.8

CHOLESTEROL 174.2 >=240: 10 (4%)

>=200-<240: 41 (16%)

38 172 87 276

HDL 49.4 <40: 33 (13%) 10.8 49

HDL RATIO 3.6 >5: 30 (12%) 1.2 3.3

LDL 102.6 >100: 23 (9%) 33.1 99

TRIGLYCERIDES 103 >=150: 34 (14%) 82.3 85 34 491

GLUCOSE 86.3 >=100: 23 (9%) 12.2 87

FITNESS AGE 26.5 > Age: 102 (41%)

7.5 25.2

MAX VO2 49.6 <45: 64 (26%) 7.8 35.1 48.5 54.7 27 70.6

PUSH-UPS 49.8 <50: 93 (37%) 19.6 39 49 58 6 140

GRIP STRENGTH

62.7 <60: 54 (22%) 9.6 51.2 62 68 43 85.1

2 MIN AB CURLS 102 <80: 37 (15%) 25.4 87 100 121 44 174

VERTICAL JUMP 24.2 <18: 6 (2%) 3.4 22 24 26 13 34.5

PERFORMANCE SCORE

1616.6 <1500: 27 (11%) 105 1543 1615 1685 1360 1965

SIT & REACH # Not able to touch heel=0 mark: 20 (8%)

MALES: AGE: 25-29 NUMBER OF FIREFIGHTER LIFE/YEARS PER AGE GROUP: 496 PARAMETER AVG # ABOVE OR

BELOW IDEAL (% OF POPULATION)

SD 25% RANK

50% RANK

75% RANK

MIN RANGE

MAX RANGE

WEIGHT 196.1 30.9 176 192.8 212 134 353

RHR 67.6 11.2 68

SBP 121 >=140: 38 (8%) 12.9 120 90 174

DBP 77.5 >=90: 47 (9%) 9.5 78 40 108

BODY FAT% 19.6 >19%: 241 (49%)

6.2 23.7 19.2 15.7 3.8 38.6

CHOLESTEROL 182.8 >=240: 30 (6%) >=200-<240: 97 (20%)

35.1 180 76 340

HDL 48.1 <40: 94 (19%) 11.6 47

HDL RATIO 4.0 >5: 70 (14%) 1.3 3.7

LDL 110.1 >100: 282 (57%) 35.3 109

TRIGLYCERIDES 123.4 >=150: 106 (21%)

83.6 105 31 1100

GLUCOSE 88.6 >=100: 59 (12%) 25.5 90

FITNESS AGE 28.5 > Age: 184 (37%)

8.7 26.3

MAX VO2 47.7 <45: 172 (35%) 21.1 42.8 47.1 52.5 27.9 76.7

PUSH-UPS 45.6 <50: 246 (50%) 17.3 33 44 54 3 119

GRIP STRENGTH 62.6 <60: 136 (27%) 7.5 58 62 67.3 37 83

2 MIN AB CURLS 98.3 <80: 88 (18%) 25.4 82 96 114 38 170

VERTICAL JUMP 21.5 <18: 22 (4%) 3.5 21.5 23.5 26 8 34

PERFORMANCE SCORE

1575.1 <1500: 118 (24%)

132.2

1366 1571.5 1645 1121.7 1943



PARAMETER AVG # ABOVE OR BELOW IDEAL (% OF POPULATION))

SD 25% RANK

50% RANK

75% RANK

MIN RANGE

MAX RANGE

WEIGHT 196.3 31.1 173 193 213 129 340

RHR 67.7 10.9 68

SBP 120.8 >=140: 39 (5%) 13.3 120 90 198

DBP 78 >=90: 76 (10%) 9.1 78 40 130

BODY FAT% 20.4 >19%: 377 (51%)

6.7 24.6 19.9 15.7 4.2 42.8

CHOLESTEROL 183.3 >=240: 36 (5%) >=200-<240: 156 (21%)

34.8 183 99 326

HDL 47.7 <40: 148 (20%) 10.6 47

HDL RATIO 3.9 >5: 107 (14%) 1.3 3.8

LDL 112.6 >100: 432 (59%) 31.9 112

TRIGLYCERIDES 123.9 >=150: 180 (24%)

70.1 106 28 543

GLUCOSE 88.5 >=100: 93 (13%) 18.7 91

FITNESS AGE 30.3 > Age: 220 (27%) 9.5 28.7

MAX VO2 46.8 <45: 305 (41%) 8.4 41.4 45.9 52.1 24.7 74.2

PUSH-UPS 42.9 <50: 362 (49%) 17.8 30 43 52 2 108

GRIP STRENGTH

63.2 <60: 175 (24%) 7.4 59 62 68 38 79

2 MIN AB CURLS 94.2 <80: 163 (22%) 27.3 78 93 112 31 171

VERTICAL JUMP 23.2 <18: 22 (3%) 3.2 21 23.5 25.3 11 32

PERFORMANCE SCORE

1551.1 <1500: 209 (28%)

122.9 1475 1552 1635 1135 1855




SD 25% RANK

50% RANK

75% RANK

MIN RANGE

MAX RANGE

WEIGHT 200 30.8 178 197 220 124 299

RHR 67.5 10.8 68

SBP 121.8 >=140: 67 (8%) 12.8 120 84 180

DBP 79.5 >=90: 126 (15%) 9.9 80 48 110

BODY FAT% 22.4 >19%: 473 (58%)

6.7 27 22.6 18 7.2 42.3

CHOLESTEROL 190.6 >=240: 63 (8%) >=200-<240: 209 (25%)

37.7 188 89 388

HDL 47.8 <40: 155 (19%) 11.4 47

HDL RATIO 4.1 >5: 146 (18%) 1.3 4.0

LDL 116.8 >100: 479 (58%) 35.2 117

TRIGLYCERIDES 140.5 >=150: 218 (27%)

106 112 30 1092

GLUCOSE 91.3 >=100: 130 (16%) 14.5 92

FITNESS AGE 33 > Age: 179 (22%) 10.5 31.1

MAX VO2 45.5 <45: 361 (41%) 8.7 39.6 44.8 50.3 23.1 76.8

PUSH-UPS 39.3 <50: 409 (50%) 16.3 27 39 50 2 106

GRIP STRENGTH

62.8 <60: 258 (31%) 7.5 58 62 68 37 88

2 MIN AB CURLS 84.7 <80: 258 (31%) 25.2 68 84 100 6 187

VERTICAL JUMP 22 <18: 63 (8%) 3.2 20 22 24 11.5 31.5

PERFORMANCE SCORE

1499.3 <1500: 333 (41%)

123.3 1418 1507 1575 1123 1906




SD 25% RANK

50% RANK

75% RANK

MIN RANGE

MAX RANGE

WEIGHT 201.7 30.1 181 197.5 222 138 315

RHR 66.3 10.7 65.5

SBP 121.9 >=140: 65 (8%) 13.1 120 90 176

DBP 80.5 >=90: 113 (15%) 9.3 80 30 112

BODY FAT% 23.0 >19%: 508 (66%)

13 27.6 23.2 18.7 6.2 44

CHOLESTEROL 200 >=240: 88 (11%) >=200-<240: 251 (31%)

35.6 198 87 329

HDL 48.6 <40: 134 (17%) 12.2 47

HDL RATIO 4.2 >5: 164 (21%) 1.3 4.2

LDL 125.8 >100: 531 (69%) 32.6 125

TRIGLYCERIDES 135.5 >=150: 220 (29%)

86.9 114 25 717

GLUCOSE 91.6 >=100: 144 (19%) 17.8 92

FITNESS AGE 35.1 > Age: 124 (16%) 10.7 33.7

MAX VO2 44.6 <45: 385 (50%) 8.3 39.4 43.9 49.5 24.3 69.6

PUSH-UPS 37.3 <50: 399 (52%) 15.5 26 36 48 2 102

GRIP STRENGTH

61.9 <60: 244 (32%) 7.7 57 62 67 21 84

2 MIN AB CURLS 82.8 <80: 274 (36%) 25.9 64 81 100 17 190

VERTICAL JUMP 21 <18: 91 (12%) 3.5 19 21 23 12.5 39.3

PERFORMANCE SCORE

1474.8 <1500: 383 (50%)

144.4 1403 1476 1555 1130 1787




SD 25% RANK

50% RANK

75% RANK

MIN RANGE

MAX RANGE

WEIGHT 202 30.1 181 198 220 143 297

RHR 67.7 11.4 66

SBP 121.7 >=140: 64 (9%) 12.3 120 90 178

DBP 64 >=90: 110 (15%) 8.7 80 48 112

BODY FAT% 23.9 >19%: 504 (71%)

6.5 28.4 23.6 19.7 5.1 44

CHOLESTEROL 199.4 >=240: 93 (13%) >=200-<240: 208 (29%)

36.1 197 89 312

HDL 48.5 <40: 145 (20%) 12.7 47

HDL RATIO 4.2 >5: 154 (22%) 1.4 4.1

LDL 120.8 >100: 471 (66%) 38.1 120

TRIGLYCERIDES 151.7 >=150: 244 (34%)

124.8 126 28 907

GLUCOSE 93.5 >=100: 139 (20%)

30.3 93

FITNESS AGE 37.8 > Age: 112

(12%)

11 37

MAX VO2 43 <45: 396 (56%) 7.8 37.7 42.5 47.3 18.1 73.2

PUSH-UPS 34.4 <50: 405 (57%) 18.3 22 31 45 2 123

GRIP STRENGTH 59.6 <60: 281 (39%) 8 54.1 60 64.1 37 80

2 MIN AB CURLS 78.9 <80: 282 (40%) 29 59 79 97 5 170

VERTICAL JUMP 19.9 <18: 124 (17%) 3.6 18 20 22 11 27.5

PERFORMANCE

SCORE

1432.4 <1500: 414

(58%)

125.1 1345 1434 1515 978 1804


MALES: AGE: 50-54

NUMBER OF FIREFIGHTER LIFE/YEARS PER AGE GROUP: 374


SD 25% RANK

50% RANK

75% RANK

MIN RANGE

MAX RANGE

WEIGHT 201.5 28.1 182.5 197.8 217 151 297

RHR 66.1 10.4 66

SBP 124.6 >=140: 45 (12%) 12.8 124 94 174

DBP 80.9 >=90: 57 (15%) 9.2 80 50 112

BODY FAT% 24.1 >19%: 263 (70%)

6.2 27.6 24.1 20.2 8.8 44

CHOLESTEROL 197.4 >=240: 43 (11%)

>=200-<240:

113 (30%)

37 197 108 294

HDL 49 <40: 73 (20%) 12 48

HDL RATIO 4.0 >5: 77 (21%) 1.5 3.9

LDL 120.4 >100: 241 (64%) 36.5 120

TRIGLYCERIDES 154.1 >=150: 141 (38%)

116.2 128 40 907

GLUCOSE 96.4 >=100: 115 (31%)

24.1 95

FITNESS AGE 40.2 > Age: 46 (12%) 11.4 39.4

MAX VO2 41.5 <45: 228 (61%) 8.1 38.5 41.2 45.5 22.9 68

PUSH-UPS 31 <50: 201 (54%) 16.3 20 29 43 2 123

GRIP STRENGTH 57.9 <60: 177 (47%) 7.6 53 58 63 36.6 76

2 MIN AB CURLS 72.4 <80: 159 (43%) 27.9 54 71 89 6 170

VERTICAL JUMP 19.3 <18: 99 (26%) 4.5 17 18.8 21 10.5 34

PERFORMANCE

SCORE

1383.5 <1500: 250

(67%)

119.2 1311 1392.5 1455 978 1804


MALES: AGE: 55-59



SD 25% RANK

50% RANK

75% RANK

MIN RANGE

MAX RANGE

WEIGHT 202.6 31.5 179 195 224 153 289

RHR 65.6 10.7 64

SBP 127.2 >=140: 27 (19%) 14.6 128 92 178

DBP 81.4 >=90:26 (19%) 8.5 80 60 104

BODY FAT% 24.9 >19%: 104 (75%)

6.2 29.5 24.2 20.4 11.4 40.9

CHOLESTEROL 199.9 >=240: 16 (12%)

>=200-<240: 46 (33%)

121 312

HDL 50.6 <40: 21 (15%) 11.8 49

HDL RATIO 4 >5: 23 (17%) 1.2 4

LDL 118.1 >100: 90 (65%) 36.9 119

TRIGLYCERIDES 136.3 >=150: 49 (35%) 64.7 125 42 373

GLUCOSE 99.6 >=100: 54 (39%) 20.1 97

FITNESS AGE 45.7 > Age: 16 (12%) 11.5 46.8

MAX VO2 39 <45: 102 (73%) 6.7 35.7 38.9 42.6 22.8 60.3

PUSH-UPS 25.9 <50: 80 (58%) 14.5 17 21 35 5 79

GRIP STRENGTH 54.8 <60: 83 (50%) 7.5 49 53 60 40 74

2 MIN AB CURLS 61.4 <80: 70 (50%) 25.8 45 63 80 16 134

VERTICAL JUMP 18.2 <18: 52 (37%) 3.7 16 17.5 20 12 31

PERFORMANCE

SCORE

1319 <1500: 103

(74%)

110.8 1242 1312.5 1394 958 1719


MALES: AGE: 60 +



SD 25% RANK

50% RANK

75% RANK

MIN RANGE

MAX RANGE

WEIGHT 186.7 21.7 172.8 182 192 161 267

RHR 64.4 11.3 64

SBP 127.4 >=140: 9 (23%) 11.6 128 98 148

DBP 80.3 >=90: 4 (10%) 8.1 80 56 100

BODY FAT% 23.6 >19%: 31 (78%) 4.7 27 22.2 20.9 16 38.8

CHOLESTEROL 199.7 >=240: 4 (10%)

>=200-<240: 18 (45%)

34.9 203 113 300

HDL 51.3 <40: 10 (25%) 13.9 52

HDL RATIO 4 >5: 10 (25%) 1.2 3.8

LDL 123.1 >100: 32 (80%) 30.8 120

TRIGLYCERIDES 125.3 >=150: 10 (25%) 46 117.5 58 278

GLUCOSE 113 >=100: 9 (23%) 40.6 98

FITNESS AGE 41.5 > Age: 3 (8%) 11.2 38.6

MAX VO2 40.5 <45: 24 (60%) 6.4 37.4 40 44.9 27.1 57.3

PUSH-UPS 27.3 <50: 27 (68%) 11 22 26 35 5 50

GRIP STRENGTH

51.2 <60: 30 (50%) 8.3 44.8 52 56.4 32 68

2 MIN AB CURLS 75.4 <80: 19 (48%) 28.3 54 75 97 17 142

VERTICAL JUMP 18 <18: 13 (33%) 3.5 16.3 18 19.7 8 29

PERFORMANCE

SCORE

1331.5 <1500: 32 (80%) 123.5 1280 1358 1395 1280 1395


2 MINUTE FULL SIT-UP NORMS Population: 191 Life/years

AGE AVG 25% 75%

20-29 66 53 78

30-39 60 50 73

40-49 52 41 64

50+ 47 31 65

TOTAL 57 44 69

20-29 30-39 40-49 50+

AVG.

TESTING PROTOCOL: The following parameters have been researched using the criterion method and determine to have a high coloration with actual firefighter tasks. A scoring system was developed by Dotson, et al that calculates the Physical Performance Score.

Two minute abdominal curl test-maximum amount performed. During the past two years we switch our protocol to a full two minute sit-up test.

Hydrostatic weighing protocol. Last two years bio-electrical impedance to determine body fat percentage. Skinfold analysis was used if hydro or bio results seemed inaccurate.

Sub maximal two stage treadmill test using extrapolation to predict Max VO2. During the past three years Max VO2 determined by measured expiratory O2 and CO2 during maximal treadmill test.

Vertical jump test. Maximum height obtained after a number of attempts. Maximum push-ups to exhaustion without pausing.

Maximum hand grip test. Best score obtained on both hands.

PHYSICAL FITNESS AGE: The physical fitness age was calculated by using the scores of the following parameters:

Body fat%

Max VO2

1 Minute Abdominal Curl Test

Maximum Push-Ups

Sit & Reach Flexibility Test

The Physical Fitness Age score was calculated by comparing the value obtained from the fitness test and comparing it to the 75 percentile of respective age group using the ACSM normative database.

What Specific Profile Can Identify A Firefighter Who May Be At Risk For Coronary Heart Disease Or Death From A Cardiovascular Event?

Fitness Appraisal, Inc. has been implementing health and fitness assessments on firefighters for 30 years throughout the state of California. During this period we were aware of 11 firefighters who had documented coronary heart disease or died of a cardiovascular event among fire departments we evaluated. The following information displays the risk profile of this population.

% RISK FACTORS PRESENT 46 OR OVER 100%

TRIGLYCERIDES ABOVE 150 91% AIG >.1 91% CHD RISK % ABOVE 9 91% CHOLESTEROL ABOVE 200 91% HDL BELOW 50 88% BLOOD PRESSURE 140/90 + 72% MAX VO2 <40 70% METABOLIC SYNDROME 63% SIGNIFICANT FAMILY HISTORY 40% CURRENT OR FORMER SMOKER 27% SYMPTOMS 27% EKG-ST DEPRESSION 27% HS-CRP ABOVE 1(only 3 evaluated) 100%

Firefighters who had documented coronary heart disease or died from a cardiovascular event had the following profile: All were 46 and over and 91% had Moderate to High AIP, CHD Score above 8 and 2 or more CHD risk factors.

AIP-Elevated Atherogenic Index of Plasma Insulin resistance is often associated with increased triglyceride (TG) and decreased HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and increased small LDL particles. The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), defined as log(TG/HDL-C), has recently been proposed as a marker of plasma atherogenicity because it is increased in people at higher risk for coronary heart disease and is inversely correlated with LDL particle size.

CHD Risk Score: Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score (SI Units)

Estimates risk of having coronary heart disease at 10 years (SI units). The following parameters are used to calculate the risk:

� Sex (validated only for male/female, no transgender/intersex) � Age (not validated for 74 or over) � Total Chol (mmol/L) � HDL (mmol/L) � BP (mm Hg) to choose a category, uses the highest category. � Diabetic? � Smoker?

The following parameters were less significant among the firefighters who had documented coronary heart disease or died of a cardiovascular event (40%, 27% 27%, 27% occurrence).

THE NEED FOR A MANDATORY PHYSICAL FITNESS …77% of all female firefighters were above the ideal body fat percentage of 23% 69% of all female firefighters scored below the ideal vertical

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