The National Innovation System (NIS, National System of Innovation) is the flow of technology and information among people, enterprises and institutions which is key to the innovative process on the national level. According to innovation system theory, innovation and technology development are results of a complex set of relationships among actors in the system, which includes enterprises, universities and government research institutes. (Source: Wikipedia)
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The National Innovation System (NIS , National System of Innovation)
The National Innovation System (NIS , National System of Innovation) is the flow of technology and information among people, enterprises and institutions which is key to the innovative process on the national level . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The National Innovation System
(NIS, National System of Innovation) is the flow of technology and information among people, enterprises
and institutions which is key to the innovative process on the national level.
According to innovation system theory, innovation and technology development are results of a complex set of relationships among actors in the system, which includes enterprises, universities and government
research institutes.
(Source: Wikipedia)
A national system of innovation has been defined as follows:
.. the network of institutions in the public and private sectors whose activities and interactions initiate, import, modify and diffuse innovations (Freeman, 1995)
the elements and relationships which interact in the production, diffusion and use of new, and economically useful, knowledge ... and are either located within or rooted inside the borders of a nation state (Lundvall,1992)
... a set of institutions whose interactions determine the innovative performance ... of national firms (Nelson,1993)
.. the national institutions, their incentive structures and their competencies, that determine the rate and direction of technological learning (or the volume and composition of change generating activities) in a country. (Patel and Pavitt,1994)
(Source: Wikipedia)
Territorial Innovation SystemDemand’s
needsTechnologies’ state
of the artPossible economic and social benefits
Technological opportunities
Innovation opportunities
Innovation
Target: •Innovation development and diffusion, to obtain economic benefits•Knowledge as a private goodActivities:•Internal R&D•Funding external R&D•Cooperation with research institutions
Universities and research centres
Government
Firms
Target: •Scientific discoveries•Knowledge as a public goodActivities:•Research financed by firms and public institutions
Target: •Sustaining innovation development and diffusionActivities:•Establishing Norms•Giving R&D Incentives
Source: Romano, Passiante, 1997
Milieu innovateur
Industrial district
Regional innovation Systems
New industrial spaces
Local production systems
Learning region
Territorial innovation models
Source: Moulaert, Farid sekia, 2003
New industrial spaces
Core of innovation dynamicsA result of R&D and its implementation;Application of new production methods
institutions( JIT, etc.)
Role of institutionsSocial regulation for thecoordination of inter-firmtransactions and the dynamicsof entrepreneurial activity
Regional developmentInteraction between social
regulation and agglomerated production systems
CultureCulture of networking and social interaction
Types of relations among agentsInter-firm transactionsTypes of relations with the environment
The dynamics of community formation and socialreproduction
Source: Moulaert, Farid sekia, 2003
Industrial district (ID)
Core of innovation dynamicsCapacity of actors implement
innovation in system of common values
Role of institutionsInstitutions are ‘agents’ and enabling social regulation, fostering innovation and development
Regional developmentTerritorial view based on spatial
solidarity and flexibility of districts; this flexibility is element
of this innovation
CultureSharing values among ID agents; trust and
reciprocity
Types of relations among agentsThe network is a social regulation mode and a source of discipline. It
enables a coexistence of bothcooperation and competition
Types of relations with the environmentThe relationships with the environment impose
some constraints and new ideas; must be able to react to changes in the environment; ‘rich’
Correspondence between Knowledge transfer processes and e-learning platform functionalities
Manager and administrator functionalities
User Functionalities
Portal-based access to a variety of content, activities, communities and tools, based on user profile. Wireless and other alternative access.
Creation and assembly of content and activities Powerful search capabilities across structure, content and metadata.
Development and management of individuals and communities Integration of tools for virtual meetings, virtual workspaces, virtual classrooms, discussions, group scheduling, etc. Peer-to-peer information sharing
Monitoring and reporting for “people managers,” training coordinators, knowledge or content managers, etc.
Content and activity management
Workflow, lifecycle, process automation and security functions applied to the validation and publishing of content. Integration of external content, portals, etc.
Source: Passiante, Secundo, 2002
Correspondence between Knowledge creation processes and e-learning platform functionalities
User Functionalities User-configurable proactive agents which monitor sources and repositories to automatically alert users to relevant new information
Creation and assembly of content and activities Object-oriented content and activity creation and/or integration with leading XML and other authoring tools
Development and management of individuals and communities Management of individuals, competencies, expertise, temporary and permanent groups/communities.
Content and activity management
Automatic indexing of unstructured content, automatic categorization to a taxonomy and automatic creation of taxonomies to provide content in context. Link management capabilities for maintaining relationships among elements.
Source: Passiante, Secundo, 2002
Correspondence between Knowledge retrieval processes and e-learning platform functionalities
User Functionalities Powerful search capabilities across structure, content and metadata.Dynamic delivery/access to specific content, activities and communities based on profiles, assessment or other data, or queries
Creation and assembly of content and activities Easy importing of external or existing content.Publishing to any number of devices, including Web
Content and activity management
A relational or object-oriented repository (support for multiple repositories also desirable) of content and activities, which allows granular storage of XML content and all other formats, with descriptive and category metadata to facilitate retrieval.
Development and management of individuals and communities Features to allow users to rate content, provide alternatives and comments
Manager and administrator functionalities Management of resources and facilities for training, meetings Source: Passiante, Secundo, 2002
A comparison between Territorial and Virtual Innovation Systems
Teritorial Systems Virtual Systems
Geographic space Virtual space, that parallels the behavioural setting and rules of the physical space with some that are based on electronic linkages between computers
Geographic proximity
Analysis of a link space
Focus on physical notion of distance and connectivity: the role of geographical space in generating opportunities to access more effectively and efficiently to information and knowledge
Focus on a virtual notion of distance and connectivity as a substitute and a complement of physical interactions
Information/knowledge accessibility : network latency, deliverability, availability of the network and servers