1 2016 Greater New York Dental Meeting PERFECTING Esthetic Posterior Restorations Daniel H Ward DDS Daniel H Ward DDS Graduated 1979 OSU Private Practice‐Columbus, Ohio Assistant Clinical Professor The Ohio State University‐13 years Daniel H Ward DDS Fellow Academy of General Dentistry Fellow American College of Dentists Fellow International College of Dentists Fellow American Society for Dental Aesthetics Associate Member American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry Daniel H Ward DDS Reviewer‐Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Reviewer‐Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry Member and Evaluator for Catapult Lecturer and Chief Examiner University of Minnesota Post‐Graduate Program in Esthetic Dentistry‐20 years Composite The most USED and ABUSED Material in Dentistry Composite
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2016 Greater New York Dental Meeting
PERFECTING Esthetic Posterior Restorations
Daniel H Ward DDS
Daniel H Ward DDS
Graduated 1979 OSU
Private Practice‐Columbus, Ohio
Assistant Clinical Professor The Ohio State University‐13 years
Daniel H Ward DDS
Fellow Academy of General Dentistry
Fellow American College of Dentists
Fellow International College of Dentists
Fellow American Society for Dental Aesthetics
Associate Member American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
Daniel H Ward DDS
Reviewer‐Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Reviewer‐Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry
Member and Evaluator for Catapult
Lecturer and Chief Examiner University of Minnesota Post‐Graduate Program in Esthetic Dentistry‐20 years
Composite
The most USED
and ABUSED
Material in Dentistry
Composite
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Decay Removal
Composite Direct Placement Challenges
Thoroughly remove decay only
Lifetime of tooth often determined by first dentist intervention
Minimally Invasive Dentistry
Fissurotomy bur
201.3VF
Conservative Tooth Preparation
169L330
Low Viscosity Flowable Composite
How do you restore?
G-aenial Universal Flo
Homogeneous spherical particles
High Viscosity (Low Flow) Flowable Composite
Mean particle size 200 nm Particle size range 40-5000 nm
30% organic (collagen) and water30% organic (collagen) and water
Dentinal tubules 0.06Dentinal tubules 0.06--3 microns in diameter3 microns in diameter
Most Bonding occurs between dentinal tubulesMost Bonding occurs between dentinal tubules
HydrophilicHydrophilic
Demineralize surfaceExpose collagen fibersRemove smear layer Increase porosity of intertubular dentinOpen up dentinal tubules Increase surface area
Etched Dentin
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•Total Etch Technique Fill and Occlude open dentinal tubules
Bonding agent should not leave the dentinal tubules open
Method #1-Reducing Post-Op Sensitivity
Placement of Etchant
Total Etch Technique
“Moist” Dentin”
Rinsing of Etchant Placement of Resin Primer
Apply multiple coats
Moist Moist
Placement of Resin Primer
“Overwet” Phenomenon
Tay FR, Gwinnett AJ, Wei Sh. The overwet phenomenon: a scanning electron microscopic study of surface moisture in the acid-conditioned, resin-dentin interface. Am J Dent. 1996;9(3):109-114.
Overdrying
Gwinnett AJ. Dentin bond strength after air drying and rewetting. Am J Dent. 1994;7(3):144-148.
Lopez CL, Perdigao J, Lopes M et al. Dentin Bond Strengths of Simplified Adhesives:Effect of Dentin Depth. Compendium. 2006;27(6):340-345.
17.6(+/-5.9)
18.4(+/-4.8)
14.2(+/-7.0)
Deep
Dentin
21.0(+/-7.4)
18.9(+/-4.1)
22.1(+/-2.8)
Superficial
Dentin
Clearfil
Liner
Bond
Optibond
Solo
Single Bond
Adhesive
System
Mean shear bond strength in MPa
Effect of Dentin Depth on Bond Strengths
•Occludes tubules
•Anti-bacterial
GLUMA
•Occlusions
Total Etch Technique
Summary
Most technique sensitiveRequires proper attention to detailUse in ideal sized preparations
Total Etch Technique
Materials-4th
Generation
Acetone solvent Alcohol solvent
Total Etch Technique
Materials-5th
Generation
Acetone solvent Alcohol solvent
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•Self Etch Technique Never leave the dentinal tubules open
Bonding agent should not leave the dentinal tubules open
Method #2-Reducing Post-Op Sensitivity
Acid-groupsHydrophilic end
etches tooth structure (self
limiting)
Spacer-chainlink between
functional groups
Methacrylate-groupHydrophobic end
connects to polymer-network
COOH
COOH
CH 2
CH 2
O
OO
O
Self-Etching Primer
“Self Etching” PrimerAcidifying Primer accompanies etch
Acid reaction is self-limiting Lohbauer U, Nikolaenko SA, Petschelt A, Frankenberger R.. Resin Tags do not contribute to dentin adhesion in self-etching adhesives. J Adhes Dent. 2008;10(2):97-103 .
Resin Tags do not Contribute to Dentin Adhesion in SE Adhesion
Self-Etch Technique
Challenges
Decreased bond strength to un-etched enamel
Marginal gap formation with un-etched enamel
Bond incompatibility to self-cure and dual-cure resins
More susceptible to hydrolytic degradation resulting in significantly diminished bond strengths over time
Self etching Primer
9
37% H3PO4 etched Unprepared enamel surface for 15s. Popular SE primer etched Unprepared enamel surface
•Tests confirm that preparing the enamel margin improves bond strength especially with self-etch dentin bonding agents
Substrate All-Bond UniversalSelf-Etch
All-Bond UniversalTotal-Etch
Uncut Enamel 18.7±6.7 31.4±7.1
Cut Enamel 29.0±5.5 35.6±3.6
Bisco in-house data.. Lee IS, Son SA, Hur B, Kwon YH, Park JK. The effect of additional etching and curing mechanism of composite resin on the dentin bond strength. J Adv Prosthodont. 2013;5:467-484.
55% improvement
Effect of Enamel Etching-Bond Strength
•Tests show that etching uncut enamel with phosphoric acid increases bond strength to enamel with 1- bottle dentin bonding agents
Substrate All-Bond UniversalSelf-Etch
All-Bond UniversalTotal-Etch
Uncut Enamel 18.7±6.7 31.4±7.1
Cut Enamel 29.0±5.5 35.6±3.6
Bisco in-house data.. Lee IS, Son SA, Hur B, Kwon YH, Park JK. The effect of additional etching and curing mechanism of composite resin on the dentin bond strength. J Adv Prosthodont. 2013;5:467-484.
67% improvement
Effect of Enamel Etching-Bond Strength
Substrate All-Bond UniversalSelf-Etch
All-Bond UniversalTotal-Etch
Uncut Enamel 18.7±6.7 31.4±7.1
Cut Enamel 29.0±5.5 35.6±3.6
Bisco in-house data.. Lee IS, Son SA, Hur B, Kwon YH, Park JK. The effect of additional etching and curing mechanism of composite resin on the dentin bond strength. J Adv Prosthodont. 2013;5:467-484.
22% improvement
Effect of Enamel Etching-Bond Strength
•Tests show that etching cut enamel with phosphoric acid increases bond strength to enamel with 1- bottle dentin bonding agents
•SEM analysis found no marginal gapformation of enamel etched w phosphoric acid prior to application of a self-etching 6th
generation bonding agent (Clearfill SE) following thermocycling•SEM analysis reported marginal gap formationof enamel not etched w phosphoric acid prior to application of a self-etching 6th generation bonding agent (Clearfill SE) following thermocycling
Souza-Junior EJ, Prieto LT, Araújo CT, Paulillo LA. Selective enamel etching: effect on marginal adaptation of self-etch LED-cured bond systems in aged Class I composite restorations. Oper Dent. 2012;37:195-204.
Effect of Enamel Etching-Marginal Gaps
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Solution: “Etching prepared enamel w phosphoric acid promoted better marginal integrity with self-etching bonding agents.”
Souza-Junior EJ, Prieto LT, Araújo CT, Paulillo LA. Selective enamel etching: effect on marginal adaptation of self-etch LED-cured bond systems in aged Class I composite restorations. Oper Dent. 2012;37:195-204.
Effect of Enamel Etching-Marginal Gaps
When the pH of a dentin bonding agent is too low (more acidic), tertiary amines (necessary for the polymerization reaction) are deactivated resulting in bond incompatibility with self and dual cured resins.
Bond Incompatibility with Self and Dual Cured Resins
Suh BI, Feng L, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Factors contributing to the incompatibility between simplified-step adhesives and chemically-cured or dual -cured composites. Part III. Effect of acidic resin monomers. J Adhes Dent 2003;5:267-282.
Solution: Use of a higher pH (>3.0)self-etching dentin bonding agent does not inactivate the tertiary amines and allows for polymerization.
Suh BI, Feng L, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Factors contributing to the incompatibility between simplified-step adhesives and chemically-cured or dual -cured composites. Part III. Effect of acidic resin monomers. J Adhes Dent 2003;5:267-282.
Bond Incompatibility with Self and Dual Cured Resins
pH=3.2
Solution: Use a dual-cure activator
Bond Incompatibility with Self and Dual Cured Resins
“The cured layer of 1-step self-etching adhesives is hydrophilic and a permeable membrane.”
Tay F, Suh B, Pahsley D, Carvalho R. Single Layer Adhesives are Permeable membranes. J Dent 2002;30:371-382.
Hydrolytic Degradation
Solution: Use 2 layers-a hydrophilic layer covered with a hydrophobic layer
Yoshida Y, Yoshihara K, Nagaoka N, Hayakawa S, Tori Y, Ogawa T, Osaka A, Van Meerbeek B. Self-assembled nano-kayering at the adhesive interface. J Dent Res 2012;9:376-381.
Hydrolytic Degradation
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Solution: Use MDP containing bonding agents which become hydrophobic upon polymerization due to high amount of cross-linkage.“MDP-containing adhesives form nano-layering at the adhesive interface. Stable MDP-Ca salt deposition along with nano-layering may explain the high stability of MDP-based bonding.”
Yoshida Y, Yoshihara K, Nagaoka N, Hayakawa S, Tori Y, Ogawa T, Osaka A, Van Meerbeek B. Self-assembled nano-kayering at the adhesive interface. J Dent Res 2012;9:376-381.
Hydrolytic DegradationSelf Etch Technique
OptiBond XTR
6th generation DBA that effectively etches enamel
Unprepared enamel surface
Etched with 37% Phosphoric Acid OptiBond XTR 6th Generation DBA
Popular 6th Generation DBA Popular 7th Generation DBA
Swift E, et al. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2011;23(6):390-398.
Self Etch Technique
OptiBond XTR
Self Etch Technique
OptiBond XTR
2 component self-etch 15% filled by volumeHydrophilic acidic self-etching primer with
enhanced etching capabilitiesHydrophobic adhesive to maximize
material compatibility, increase strength and promote bond durability
Self Etch Technique
OptiBond XTR
Primer contain acetone, alcohol and water solvents
Low film thickness (5 micron)Bonds to gold, non-precious metal,
zirconia, porcelain Direct and indirect restorative procedures
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Self Etch Technique
Materials 6th & 7th
Generation
Sixth Generation Seventh Generation
All-Bond SE Clearfil SE Protect
BeautiBond G-BondOptibondXTR
Long Term Dentin Bond StabilityMMP-Matrix MetalloproteasesMMPs are naturally occurring proteases
involved in dentin formation and trapped during odontogenesis
Not bacteria but proteolytic enzymes found within dentin capable of degrading collagen within newly created adhesive hybrid layers
Low pH causes dentin to release these inherent MMPs which attack exposed collagen fibrils
Osorio R, Yamauti M. Osorio E., et al. Effect of dentin etching on metalloproteinase-mediated collagen degradation. Eur J Oral Sci 2011;119:79-85.
Long Term Dentin Bond StabilityCysteine Proteases (Cathepsins)
Lysosomal enzymes that become activated in lysosomes by a low pH
Secreted by osteoclasts in bone resorption
Regulated by chondroitin
Collagenase activity breaks down collagen and hydrolyzes collagen into small peptides
Terasariol Il, Geraldeli S., ,Minciotti Cl., et al., Cysteine catepsins in human dentin pulp complex. J Dent Res 2011; 90:506-11.
MMP-Matrix Metalloproteases
Carrilho et al., JDR 2007; 86; 529Brackett et al.,Operative Dentistry; 2009;34(4):381-385
In-vivo 12 m w/PBNT (Acetone)
Immediate (MPa)Control 29.3 (9.2)CHX 32.7 (7.6)
w/CHX in 12 m
14 mo (MPa)Control 19.0 (5.2)CHX 32.2 (7.2)
Potential MMP Inhibitors
Long Term Dentin Bond Stability
Chlorhexidine (CHX)
Benzalkonium Chloride
MDPB ((12-methacryloxydodecalpyridinium bromide)
Galardin (mimics MMP-binds Zn atom) (inhibits tumor growth and metastasis)
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (green tea polyphenol)
Perdigao J, Resi A, Loguercio AD. Dentin Adhesion and MMPs: A Comprehensive Review. J Esthet Restor Dent 2012: 25:219-241.
Disinfect to prevent MMPs
Use Etchant containing 1% Benzalkonium Chloride
TE-Apply 2% Chlorhexidine after acid etching for 30 sec
SE-Apply 2 coats 2% Chlorhexidine prior to application of primer
OR
Long Term Dentin Bond Stability
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Disinfect to prevent MMPs
MDPB (12-methacryloxydodecalpyridinium bromide)
Long Term Dentin Bond Stability
Pashley DH, Tay FR, Imazato S. Hot to Increase the durability of Resin-Dentin Bonds. Compend. 2010;32(7):60-64.
Pashley DH, Tay FR, Imazato S. Hot to Increase the durability of Resin-Dentin Bonds. Compend. 2010;32(7):60-64.
Breschi L, Mazzoni A, Ruggeri A, Cadenaro M, Di Lenarda R, De Stefano Dorigo E. Dental adhesion review: aging and stability of the bonded interface. Dent Mater. 2008 Jan;24(1):90-101.
Most simplified one-step adhesives were shown to be the least durable, while three-step etch-and-rinse and two-step self-etch adhesives continue to show the highest performances, as reportedin the overwhelming majority of studies. In other words, a simplification of clinical application procedures is done to thedetriment of bonding efficacy. Among the different aging phenomena occurring at the dentin bonded interfaces, some are considered pivotal in degrading the hybrid layer, particularly if simplified adhesives are used. Insufficient resin impregnation of dentin, high permeability of the bonded interface, sub-optimal polymerization, phase separation and activation of endogenous collagenolytic enzymes are some of the recently reported factorsthat reduce the longevity of the bonded interface.
Dentin Bonding Challenges
Breschi L, Mazzoni A, Ruggeri A, Cadenaro M, Di Lenarda R, De Stefano Dorigo E. Dental adhesion review: aging and stability of the bonded interface. Dent Mater. 2008 Jan;24(1):90-101.
In order to overcome these problems, recent studies indicated that (1) resin impregnation techniques should be improved, particularly for two-step etch-and-rinse adhesives; (2) the use of conventional multi-step adhesives is recommended, since they involve the use of a hydrophobic coating of nonsolvated resin; (3) extended curing time should be considered to reduce permeability and allow a better polymerization of the adhesive film; (4) proteases inhibitors as additional primer should be used to increase the stability of the collagens fibrils within the hybrid layer inhibiting the intrinsic collagenolytic activity of human dentin.
Dentin Bonding Solutions
• SE 1-step adhesives are too hydrophilic and permeable even after polymerization
• The best way to minimize these weaknesses is to apply a neutral-pH, hydrophobic adhesive resin layer in a separate step
• Acidic components cause incompatibility with self-cured composites.
• 3-step, etch-and-rinse adhesives remain the “gold standard” in terms of adhesive durability.
Dentin Bonding Solutions
De Munck J, Van Landuyt K, Peumans M, Poitevin A, Lambrechts P, Broem M, Van Meerbeek B. A Critical Review of the Durability of Adhesion to Tooth Tissue: Methods and Results. J Dent Res. 2005;84(2):118-132.
Selective Etch TechniqueApply etch to enamel only for 15 secondsWash thoroughlyPlace self-etching primer
Frankerger R, Lohbauer U, Roggendorf MJ, Naumann M, Taschner M. Selective enamel etching reconsidered:better than etch-and-rinse and self etch? J. Adhes Dent. 2008;10:339-344.
••Etch enamel then dentin, wash and dryEtch enamel then dentin, wash and dry
••Place & scrub multiple coats bonding Place & scrub multiple coats bonding agent, wait, evaporate solvent and cureagent, wait, evaporate solvent and cure
••Place composite and adapt to sidesPlace composite and adapt to sides
•If large use incremental layers
•Cure thoroughly
Posterior Finishing Burs
Occlusal Anatomy OcclusalSecondary Anatomy
Buccal/ lingual gingival-IP
12 fluted carbide burs
ProcedureProcedure Trim and shape composite
Adjust occlusion
Blend margin between tooth and composite
Define secondary anatomy
Restore occlusal fissures
Restore buccal/ lingual contour
Reduce and smooth composite surface
Interproximal shaping at gingiva and above contact
Popular InstrumentsPopular Instruments Football or egg-shaped
7406
H379
15106-5
Flame-shape
H-274
5379-5
Needle shape
Safe-end SE6
7901
15121-5
Ivoclar
Astropol
SS White
Jazz
Caulk Enhance/POGO
••Blend margins with finishing carbidesBlend margins with finishing carbides
••Adjust occlusionAdjust occlusion
••Finish and polishFinish and polish
Etch, wash/dry and apply surface sealantEtch, wash/dry and apply surface sealantSummary
Best reduction of post-operative sensitivity
Insurance of fluoride releaseBest bond to enamelLong term stable bond to dentinUse in majority of posterior preparations
Total Etch with RMGI Liner/Base
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So, Now do you Understand?Cna yuo raed tihs? The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it dseno't mtaetr in waht oerdr the ltteres in a wrod are, the olny iproamtnt tihng is taht the frsit and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it whotuit a pboerlm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Azanmig hu h? yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt!
Bulk Fill CompositesBulk Fill Composites
Allow many posterior restorations to be built up in 1 segment
Descriptions– “Stick the stuff in the hole and cure”– Evolutionary– Monolithic
Physical Advantages– Deeper depth of cure– Less Polymerization Shrinkage– Less Polymerization Shrinkage Stress– Reduced likelihood of air voids between layers
Bulk Fill CompositesBulk Fill Composites
Modes of Action– Improved initiators– Greater translucency allows better light transmission– Delayed gel state formation– Increased elasticity
Materials– Flowable– Conventional
Advantages– Quicker, easier– Less chance of enamel and cusp fractures– Increased likelihood of adequate resin polymerization
Bulk Fill Flowable CompositesBulk Fill Flowable CompositesLow Shrinkage StressStress
•Surefill SDR• Voco Xtra•Beautifil Bulk Flowable•Venus Bulk Fill
Surefill SDRSurefill SDR
•Reduced polymerization shrinkage stress• Bulk fill to 4mm•Increased sensitivity to lightGreat placement with metal tips•Self-leveling•A1, A2, A3 Universal shades
Roggendorf MJ1, Krämer N, Appelt A, Naumann M, Frankenberger R. Marginal quality of flowable 4-mm base vs. conventionally layered resin composite. J Dent. 2011;39:643-647.
“Contact with acid and pulp tissue started the bleeding process thus damaging the bonding technique resulting in no cellular differentiation and new dentin formation. The use of dentin bonding agents should be avoided for vital pulp therapy.”
Silva GA, Lanza LD, Lopes-Junior N, MoreiraA, Alves JB. Direct pulp capping with a dentin bonding system in human teeth: a clinical and histological evaluation. Oper dent. 2006;31:291-307.
“Poly Acrylic Acid (PAA) inhibits apatite formation in the body environment. PAA released from the glass-ionomer cements inhibits the apatite formation on tooth surfaces. It might be considered difficult to obtain bioactive glass-ionomer cements”
Kawashita M, Kokubo T, Nakamura T. Effect of polyacrylic acid on the apatite formation of a bioactive ceramic in a simulated body fluid: fundamental examination of the possibility of obtaining bioactive glass-ionomer cements for orthopaedic use. Biomaterials. 2001;22:3191-6.
Condition dentin with poly-acrylic acid for 10 seconds and wash
Closed Sandwich Technique
CARD
OS
O et al. J D
ent 2010
Condition enamel only with phosphoric
acid
Rinse thoroughly
Re-prep if necessary after set
Place Glass Ionomer base
Closed Sandwich Technique
Wait 2:30
Apply Seventh Generation Bonding
Agent
Zhang Y, Burrow MF, Palamara JEA, Thomas CDL. Bonding to Glass Ionomer Cements using Resin-based Adhesives. Op Dent 2011;36:618-625.
Closed Sandwich Technique
Finish and polish
Place Composite & Cure
(Sonic Fill)
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Preparation w cervical margin in
dentin
Open Sandwich Technique
Acid etch enamel
Condition dentin w PCA
Place glass ionomer base
Open Sandwich Technique
Place RMGI bonding agent and cure
*recommended by Dr Graeme Milicich
Build up tooth with composite
Open Sandwich Technique
Shape with diamonds and fine carbides
Finished occlusal view
Open Sandwich Technique
Mesial View
Glass Ionomer
Composite
RMGI
But… How long do they last?
Zanata RL, Fagundes TC, Freitas MC, Lauris JR, Navarro MF. Ten-year survival of ART restorations in permanent posterior teeth. Clin Oral Investig. 2011;15(2):265-71
Placement 2 years 10 years
92.7% success
65.2% success
Survival Rate
Single Surface Restorations*(*based on placement of older GI formulations)
But… How long do they last?
Zanata RL, Fagundes TC, Freitas MC, Lauris JR, Navarro MF. Ten-year survival of ART restorations in permanent posterior teeth. Clin Oral Investig. 2011;15(2):265-71
Placement 2 years 10 years
86.8% success
30.6% success
Survival Rate
Multiple Surface Restorations*
(n=62)
(*based on placement of older GI formulations)
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But… How long do they last?
Five Year Restorations
Long term interim restoration
How long do they last?• 8-12 years- single surface• 5-8 years- multiple surface• The larger the restoration, the
shorter its lifetime
Long term interim restoration
Then what?• Re-prepare surface and place posterior
composite restoration• Prepare tooth for a crown
Equia
Glass Ionomer/Filled Resin Sealant
Easy, Quick, Universal…
Designed as a system that included surface sealant
Becomes stronger in time
Surface Sealant
• Fills in microcracks and porosity
• Provides a high gloss, smooth surface
• Increase wear resistance and allows material to mature
•Light Cured-Do not etch before applying
•Sealant retains moisture w/in restoration allowing better maturation and hardness before surface is exposed to forces
Surface Sealant
33
Restoration w large crack Restoration w large crack
Large restoration with internal fractures Dentist-Multiple Radiographic Caries
Before and After
Equia Forte
Posterior Glass Ionomer
34
Equia Forte
Posterior Glass Ionomer
Stronger Glass Ionomer
For use in posterior teeth
Increased compressive strength (219 MPa)
Increased flexural strength
Greater wear resistance
Increased acid resistance
High fluoride release maintained
Stronger surface sealant
Better designed for Class II posterior restorations
Equia Forte
Posterior Glass Ionomer
RIVA Self Cure HV
Sudden Onset Caries
Posterior Glass Ionomer47 year old female
Been in the practice over 30 years
Regular re-care appointments
Significant changes in health history
No restorations in 8 years
Radiographs revealed multiple interproimalradiolucencies not present 12 months previous
Required 16 restorations
Need caries resistant restorations
Preparations
Posterior Glass Ionomer
Preparations
Posterior Glass Ionomer
Posterior GI Restorations
Posterior Glass Ionomer
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•Acid/base and polymerization reaction
•Ionic and micromechanical bonding
•Dual-curing
•Fluoride release
•Bioactive
Resin-Modified Glass Ionomers
•Acid/base and polymerization reactions•Dual cured-faster•Shortens time needed to control moisture•More esthetic and translucent•Fluoride release•Higher tensile, bond strength and wear
Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Characteristics
•Liner or Base•Class V Restorations•Restoration Under Crown•Temporary prior to crown•Sandwich technique•Cements
Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Uses
Resin-Modified Glass Ionomers-Advantages
Brackett WW, Dib A, Brackett MG, Reyes AA, Estrada BE. Two-year clinical performance of Class V resin-modified glass-lonomer and resin composite restorations. Oper Dent. 2003;28:477-81
37 pairs of caries-free unprepared abfraction lesions were treated with resin modified and resin composite restorations (single bottle total etch dba). Retention of the composite restorations at six months was below the minimum specified in the ADA Acceptance Program for Dentin and Enamel Adhesives. At two years retention was 96% for the resin-modified glass ionomer and 81% for the resin composite. The resin composite restorations generally had a better appearance, with a 100% alpha rating in color match, versus 85% for the resin-modified glass ionomer.