The morphology and kinematics of planetary nebulae: a tribute to Hugo Schwarz Romano L.M. Corradi Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes
Jan 20, 2016
The morphology and kinematics of planetary nebulae:
a tribute to Hugo Schwarz
Romano L.M. Corradi
Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes
My story with Hugo, and our story with PNe, started on 1991 at ESO Chile…
1. Catalogue of CCD narrowband images of PNe and morphological classification
2. Studies of the kinematic properties of bipolar PNe
3. Search and study of nebulae around symbiotic stars
1) Catalogue of CCD images of PNe…
The first extensive CCD surveys had appeared:Jewitt et al 1986 ApJ 302, 727 44 PNe (“haloes”)Chu et al. 1987 ApJS 64, 529 ~100 PNe (multiple-shells)Balick 1987 AJ 94, 671 51 PNe and a morphological sequence (round elliptical butterfly ) linked with the Generalised Interacting Stellar Winds theory
Schwarz, Corradi & Melnick 1992 A&AS 96, 23 255 PNe
Schwarz, Corradi & Melnick 1992 A&AS 96, 23 255 PNe
1) Catalogue of CCD images of PNe…
The first extensive CCD morphological studies had appeared:Jewitt et al 1986 ApJ 302, 727 44 PNe (haloes)Chu et al. 1987 ApJS 64, 529 ~100 PNe (multiple-shells)Balick 1987 AJ 94, 671 51 PNe and a morphological sequence (round elliptical butterfly ) linked with the Generalised Interacting Stellar Winds theory
1) … its morphological classification…
Schwarz, Corradi & Stanghellini 1992 IAU Symp. 155, p. 214
1) .. and the study of the statistical properties of the morphological classes of PNe
Stanghellini, Corradi & Schwarz 1993 A&A 276, 463
Schwarz & Corradi 1995 APN1
Corradi & Schwarz 1995 A&A 293, 871
Bipolar PNe belong to a younger Galactic stellar population than elliptical and round PNe, i.e. have more massive progenitors:
• smaller scale height on the Galactic plane;
• more ordered Galactic kinematics;
• hotter central stars;
• He and N overabundances;
• …
Corradi APN2 discusses why the characteristic above is not necessarily a decisive constraint for the physical mechanisms shaping collimated PNe
NGC 6537
2) Studies of the kinematics of bipolar PNeSchwarz & Corradi 1992 A&A 265, L37
Corradi & Schwarz 1993 A&A 268, 714; … 269, 462; … 273, 247; …278, 247
Aspin et al. 1993 A&A 278, 255
Schwarz et al. 1997 A&A 319, 267
Streamlines are radial and gas is expanding in a ballistic way: self-similar expansion
in a Hubble-like flow (V ∝ r). Shaping occurs in the early evolution, and an
asymptotic shape (self-similar regime) is quickly reached
Corradi APN3
Schwarz & Corradi 1992 A&A 265, L37
Corradi & Schwarz 1993 A&A 268, 714; … 269, 462; … 273, 247; …278, 247
Aspin et al. 1993 A&A 278, 255
Schwarz et al. 1997 A&A 319, 267
2) Point-symmetry Precession?
Schwarz 1993, in 2nd ESO/CTIO Workshop on “Mass loss on the AGB and beyond”, La Serena, Chile, 21-24 Jan 1992. Edited by H.E. Schwarz, ESO 1993
2) A special case and a beauty: M 2-9
Today’s Astronomy
Picture of the Day!
Nature and expansion parallax of its dusty outermost knots
VN = Vexp+ Vexp sin i
VS = Vexp- Vexp sin i
2) … the dusty dentist’s mirrors of M 2-9…Schwarz et al. 1997 A&A 319, 267
2) … and its “light house”Monitoring since the end of the 80’s, mainly at ESO first and then at the Nordic Optical Telescope when Hugo moved to La Palma on 1995
2) … and its “light house”
N1
N2
S2
S1
For the same longitude, the “illuminating” beam excites N2 and S2 about 2 yr later than N1 and S1, which corresponds to a travelling speed of ~5000 km/s particle beam=jet?
Doyle et al. 2000 AJ 119, 339
Corradi et al. in preparationProt=90-130 yr
3) Symbiotic stars can do itR Aqr nebula known since 1921 (Lampland 1923 PAAS 4, 319), but the concept that a large fraction of symbiotic Miras have (collimated) nebulae very similar to PNe, which illustrate the potential importance of binary interactions for the shaping of PNe, started growing from the moment that Hugo discovered the Southern Crab and other symbiotic nebulae.
Corradi et al. 2001 ApJ 553 221
Schwarz Aspin & Lutz 1989 ApJ 344 L29
Schwarz & Corradi 1992 A&A 265, L37Corradi & Schwarz 1993 A&A 715, 725
BI Cru
V417 Cen
van Winckel et al. 1994 A&A 285, 241
HM Sge
Corradi et al. 1999 A&A 348, 978
AS 201
Schwarz 1991 A&A 243, 469
V1016 Cyg CH Cyg