Top Banner
A look at our nearest neighbor in Space! The Moon powerpoints at http://www.worldofteaching.com
84

The Moon

Dec 30, 2015

Download

Documents

massimo-neeson

The Moon. A look at our nearest neighbor in Space!. Free powerpoints at http://www.worldofteaching.com. What is the Moon?. A natural satellite One of more than 96 moons in our Solar System The only moon of the planet Earth. Location, location, location!. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: The Moon

A look at our nearest neighbor in Space!

The Moon

Free powerpoints at http://www.worldofteaching.com

Page 2: The Moon

What is the Moon?

• A natural satellite• One of more than 96 moons in

our Solar System• The only moon of the planet

Earth

Page 3: The Moon

Location, location, location!

• About 384,000 km (240,000 miles) from Earth

• 3,468 km (2,155 miles) in diameter (about ¼ the size of Earth)

Page 4: The Moon

4

• About 384,000 km (240,000 miles)

from Earth

360,000 km 406,000 km 224,000 miles 252,000

miles

Orbits (revolves around) Earth

every 27.3 days

Elliptical orbit (not a perfect circle)

Page 5: The Moon

Earth

Moon

MoonPlane of earth’s orbit

Plane of lunar orbit

Page 6: The Moon

The Moon orbits the Earth at a 5o angle with respect to the Earth’s orbit around the Sun.

Page 7: The Moon

The Earth-Moon System

• Apogee- point at which the Moon is farthest from Earth

• Perigee- point at which the Moon is closest to Earth

Page 8: The Moon

Birth of the Moon

• “Born” 4-5 billion years ago

• Formed from impact of Mars-sized “planetesimal” on Earth

• Debris from both objects melted together to form the Moon

Page 9: The Moon

Space Exploration

• 1957- the Soviet Union launches, Sputnik, the first artificial satellite

• 1958- the U.S. launched its first, Explorer 1

• Thousands now orbit the Earth

Page 10: The Moon

Exploring the Moon

• Neil Armstrong First man on the Moon – July 20, 1969

• Six Apollo missions (1969-1972)– 382 kg (842 lbs) rocks

• 12 Americans have walked on the moon

Page 11: The Moon

Movements of the Moon

• Revolution: the Moon orbits the Earth every 27.3 days

• Rotation – Moon turns on its axis every 27.3 days

• We always see the same side of the Moon because its period of rotation equals its revolution!

• This is called synchronous rotation.

Page 12: The Moon

Movements of the Moon

• The moon rises in the east and sets in the west

• The moon rises and sets 50 minutes later each day

Page 13: The Moon

Cut to the Core• 3 major divisions

of the Lunar interior

• Crust - average thickness of about 70 kilometers

• Mantle• Core - radius is

between 300 and 425 kilometers

Page 14: The Moon

The Moon’s Surface

• No atmosphere• No liquid water• Extreme

temperatures– Daytime = 130C

(265°F)

– Nighttime = -190C (-310 F)

• 1/6 Earth’s gravity

Page 15: The Moon

• Mountains up to 7500 m (25,000 ft) tall

• Ridges- long, narrow elevations of rock that crisscross the moon’s surface.

Highlands

The Lunar Surface

Highlands

Page 16: The Moon

The Lunar SurfaceMaria

• Originally thought to be seas by early astronomers like Galileo and he named them for their “sea”-like appearance

• Darkest areas made chiefly of basalt rock (igneous rock)

• Filled by lava after crash of huge meteors on lunar surface

• Formed 3-4 billion years

Mare

Page 17: The Moon

Lunar FeaturesRilles

Long, deep ancient lava channels (trench-like valleys) leftover from the formation of maria

Page 18: The Moon

Lunar FeaturesCraters

•Most formed by meteor impact on the Moon

•Some formed by volcanic action inside the Moon

•Young craters characterized by bright streaks, called rays

•Up to 2500 km (1,553 miles) across

Page 19: The Moon

Lunar FeaturesRegolith

Fine layer of dust and rock that covers the moon’s surface

Page 20: The Moon

Lunar FeaturesRocks

• Mostly made of Basalt (iron and magnesium rich volcanic rock)

• Similar to igneous rocks found in Earth’s crust

• Breccia- contain fragments of other rocks fused together

Page 21: The Moon

LimbThe line where the surface of the moon meets the sky.

TerminatorThe imaginary line between the reflected light and shadow.

Page 22: The Moon

Maria

Craters

Can you see the rays?

Does this photo show us a limb or terminator line?

Page 23: The Moon

Far Side of the Moon• First seen by Luna 3

Russian space probe in 1959

• Surface features different from near side– More craters

– Very few maria

– Thicker crust

Page 24: The Moon

It’s Just a Phase

• Moonlight is reflected sunlight

• Half the moon’s surface is always reflecting light

• From Earth we see different amounts of the Moon’s lit surface

• The amount seen is called a “phase”

Page 25: The Moon

Illumination of the Moon• Waxing- occurs

when the size of the lighted part of the Moon is increasing

• Waning- occurs when the size of the lighted part of the Moon is decreasing

Page 26: The Moon

Waxing and Waning

• New moon

• Waxing Crescent moon

• First Quarter moon

• Waxing Gibbous moon

• Full moon

• Waning Gibbous moon

• Third Quarter moon

• Waning Crescent moon

• New moon

earth

moon orbit`searth

last (third)quarter

gibbous moon

full moon

gibbous moon

first quarter

crescent

new moon

crescent

waning Moon

waxing Moon

SUN

Page 27: The Moon

FULL

QUARTER

CRESCENT

GIBBOUS

FOUR MAIN SHAPES

Page 28: The Moon
Page 29: The Moon

Moon rise times:

• The New Moon always rises at sunrise.

• The first quarter Moon rises at noon.

• The Full Moon rises at sunset.

• The last quarter Moon rises at midnight.

• Moonrise takes place about 50 minutes later each day than the day before.

Page 30: The Moon
Page 31: The Moon
Page 32: The Moon

starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/phases.html

Page 33: The Moon

Eclipses

• Eclipses are caused when one celestial body passes through the shadow of another

• The Sun and Moon occasionally line up with the Earth so that an eclipse occurs

Page 34: The Moon

Lunar Eclipses• Only occurs when a

there’s a full moon• The Earth passes

between the Sun and the Moon and the shadow of the Earth falls on the Moon and darkens it.

• About 2-3 per year• Last up to 4 hours

Page 35: The Moon

Lunar Eclipses– Penumbra

A portion of the light source is blocked and an observer in the penumbra experiences a partial lunar eclipse

– Umbra

The light source is completely blocked and an observer in the umbra experiences a total lunar eclipse

Page 36: The Moon

Lunar Eclipses

Why is the moon red during a lunar

eclipse?

Page 37: The Moon

Lunar Eclipses• Even during a total lunar

eclipse, sunlight is bent around Earth through the atmosphere

• The Moon is visible and appears to have a reddish tint

Page 38: The Moon

Lunar Eclipses

Indirect sunlight still manages to reach and illuminate the moon. However, this sunlight

must first pass deep through the Earth's atmosphere which filters out most of the blue colored light. The remaining light is a deep red or orange in color and is much dimmer

than pure white sunlight.

Page 39: The Moon

Solar Eclipses• Only happens at new

moon• Moon moves between

Earth and Sun• Moon casts a shadow

on part of the Earth• Total solar eclipses

rare – only once every 360 years from one location!

Page 40: The Moon

The Tides• The Moon’s gravity tugs on the

Earth.

– It pulls the most on the part of Earth closest and least on the farthest causing tidal bulges

• High tide –

– Side facing Moon and side away from Moon

• Low tide –

– On sides of Earth

Note: The earth rotates within the tidal bulge

Page 41: The Moon

Tidal Patterns

Page 42: The Moon
Page 43: The Moon
Page 44: The Moon

When will we return?

Page 45: The Moon

Moon base of the future?

• What would you need to live there?

Page 46: The Moon
Page 47: The Moon
Page 48: The Moon
Page 49: The Moon

Name this phase!

Full MoonWhat time does this phase rise and set?

Page 50: The Moon

Name these features.

Name these

features.

Craters

Maria

Page 51: The Moon

Does this image show us the near side or far side of the moon?

Far SideHow can you tell?

Page 52: The Moon

Is this line the limb or terminator?

Is this line the limb or terminator?

Limb

Terminator

Page 53: The Moon

Name this phase!

First Quarter

Page 54: The Moon

Name this phase!

Waxing Crescent

Page 55: The Moon

Does this image show the near side or the far side of the moon?

Near Side

Page 56: The Moon

Name this phase!

Waning Gibbous

Page 57: The Moon

Name this phase!

Third Quarter

Page 58: The Moon

From what direction does the moon rise?

The East

Page 59: The Moon

Name this phase!

Waxing Gibbous

Page 60: The Moon

Name this phase!

Waning Crescent

Page 61: The Moon

What might be happening in this image?

Lunar Eclipse

Page 62: The Moon

Is this line the limb or the terminator?

Limb

Page 63: The Moon

Name this phase!

Look closely!

Waxing Gibbous

Page 64: The Moon

True or False:

The Far Side and the Dark Side of the moon

are the same thing.

False!

Page 65: The Moon

Name this phase!

Full Moon

Page 66: The Moon

Name this phase!

New Moon

Page 67: The Moon

Does the moon rise or set in the west?

It sets in the west.

Page 68: The Moon

Name this phase!

Waning Gibbous

Page 69: The Moon

Name this phase!

Waning Crescent

Page 70: The Moon

Name this phase!

Waning Gibbous

Page 71: The Moon
Page 72: The Moon
Page 73: The Moon
Page 74: The Moon
Page 75: The Moon
Page 76: The Moon
Page 77: The Moon
Page 78: The Moon
Page 79: The Moon
Page 80: The Moon
Page 81: The Moon

THE END

Page 82: The Moon

Photo resources• http://www.nasm.si.edu/apollo/AS15/

a15images.htm• http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/

photogallery-moon.html#apollo• http://clementine.cnes.fr/index.en.html• http://cass.jsc.nasa.gov/pub/research/clemen/

clemen.html• http://spaceflightnow.com/news/

n0108/15mooncreate/• http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/

nineplanets/pxmoon.html

Page 83: The Moon

More photo resources

• http://www.nrl.navy.mil/clementine/clemovies/clemovies_index.html

• http://www.solarviews.com/eng/moon.htm• http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/620649.stm• http://skyandtelescope.com/observing/objects/

eclipses/article_99_1.asp• http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/results/ice/eureka.htm• http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/

solarsystem/moon_nss_020604.html

Page 84: The Moon

This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com

http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.