The Modern Middle East

The Modern Middle The Modern Middle EastEast

The Cradle of Civilization

The Modern Middle The Modern Middle EastEast

What will we be learning?

Where and What: The Middle EastThe Difference: Arab and MuslimThe Difference: Sunni and Shia

The aftermath of the Soviet invasion of AfghanistanThe Persian Gulf War and the rise of Osama bin Laden

What we knew about 9/11The Attacks on 9/11Afghanistan & Iraq

What and WhereWhat and WhereThe Middle EastThe Middle East

Differentiating Differentiating TermsTerms

Arabs and Muslims

What is the difference between someone who is Arab and someone who is Muslim?

Differentiating Differentiating TermsTerms

Arabs and Muslims

The Arab WorldThe Arab World

Differentiating Differentiating TermsTerms

Arabs and MuslimsArabs and Muslims

MuslimReligious Follower

ArabEthnic Group

Believes in Islam

A Muslim is a follower of Islam

So, what’s the difference between Sunni Muslims and

Shia (Shi'ite) Muslims?

Lives in, or is from, an Arab country (does NOT include Iran, Israel,

or Turkey.)

Speaks Arabic

Although MOST Arabs are Muslim, it IS possible to be a Arab and Christian or Jewish.

However, MOST Muslims are NOT Arab

Differentiating Differentiating TermsTerms

Sunni and ShiaSunni and Shia

ShiaSunniBelieved that the successor to the prophet Muhammad should

remain within the prophets family.

Ali Abu Talib would be the first Imam

Believed that the successor to the prophet Muhammad should

be elected.

Abu Bakr would be the first Caliph

Constitutes roughly 85% to 90% of the Muslim population

After the death of the prophet, Muhammad, in 632 AD, the Islamic community would split. This is where the Sunni and Shia are

different.

More like a

DemocracyMore like a

Monarchy

The Aftermath of The Aftermath of AfghanistanAfghanistan

What group fought the Soviets during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

The Mujahedeen – a coalition of Afghan tribes.

Following the retreat of Soviet troops in 1989, and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, Afghanistan would enter into a period of civil

war from. 1992 to 1996.

One of the groups consisted of Afghan refugees recruited from Saudi backed religious schools in Pakistan.

These fanatical students were “Talibs”, Pashto for “students”.These “talibs” would for the Taliban.

The Aftermath of The Aftermath of AfghanistanAfghanistan

Many of the Taliban were already trained by the CIA.During the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the USA printed $51m worth of reading material aimed at spurring “Islamic fanaticism”.

Why?Urge the Mujahedeen to fight viciously and endlessly against the Soviet Union.

By 1996, the Taliban would be in control of Kabul, and thus Afghanistan.The Taliban would welcome Osama bin Laden (UBL) in 1996 after his

expulsion from Sudan. UBL would become the head of Al-Qaeda.

The Aftermath of The Aftermath of AfghanistanAfghanistan

What would anger Osama bin Laden if the United States had supported the Mujahedeen during the

Soviet invasion?

The Persian Gulf War

The Persian Gulf WarThe Persian Gulf War1990 to 19911990 to 1991

Sadaam HusseinSadaam Hussein

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=in-N4noTRsU

The Persian Gulf WarThe Persian Gulf WarReading AssignmentReading Assignment