THE Model 9100 UNIVERSAL CALIBRATION - Fluke Caldownload.flukecal.com/pub/literature/9100____ogeng0000.pdf · A LETHAL ELECTRIC SHOCK ! Model 9100: I+, I-, Hi, ... Section 4 of the

Due to our policy of continuously updating our products, thishandbook may contain minor differences in specification,components and circuit design to the instrument actually supplied.Amendment sheets precisely matched to your instrument serialnumber are available on request. All rights reserved. All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.

© 2005 Fluke Corporation

OPERATOR'S GUIDEfor

THE Model 9100UNIVERSAL CALIBRATION

SYSTEM

(for operating, performance and maintenance detailsrefer to the User's Handbook)

850299 Issue 4.0 (July 2005)

DANGERHIGH VOLTAGE

THIS INSTRUMENT IS CAPABLE

OF DELIVERING

A LETHAL ELECTRIC SHOCK !

Model 9100: I+, I-, Hi, Lo, sHi andsLo Terminals;

Model 9105: H (Red), sH (Red), sL(Black), LI- (Black) andI+20 (Yellow) Leads;

carry the Full Output Voltage

THIS CAN KILL !

DANGER

Avoid damage to yourinstrument

For Maximum Output Voltagesand Maximum Currents , Refer to:User's Handbook Volume 2 Section 7 .

Unless you are sure that it is safe to do so,

DO NOT TOUCH ANY of the following:

Model 9100: I+ I- Hi Lo sHi or sLo

leads and terminals

Model 9105: H sH sL L I- or I+20 leads

0-2 Model 9100 — Operator's Guide - Contents List

Contents

Section 1 Introduction

Section 2 Interconnections

Section 3 DC Voltage

Section 4 AC Voltage

Section 5 DC Current

Section 6 AC Current

Section 7 Resistance

Section 8 Conductance

Section 9 Frequency

Section 10 Mark/Period

Section 11 % Duty

Section 12 Auxiliary Functions

Section 13 Capacitance

Section 14 Temperature — Thermocouple

Section 15 Temperature — RTD

Section 16 Logic Pulses

Section 17 Logic Levels

Section 18 Error Messages

Model 9100 — About the Operator's Guide 1-1

User's H'b'kPage Ref

About the Operator's Guide1Section 3 of the User's Handbook for the Model 9100should be used to gain practice at manipulatingfront-panel controls.

For an introduction to 'Procedure Mode', refer toSection 5 of the User's Handbook. For the use ofother modes refer to Section 3 of the User'sHandbook.Section 4 of the User's Handbook shows, in ageneral way, the 'Manual Mode' facilities of the 9100for calibration of a manually-operated measuringinstrument. It is divided into sub-sections eachdealing with 'Functions' (DC Voltage, AC Voltageetc.). Each sub-section carries a specimen procedurefor calibrating that function in a 'general' UUT. This'Operator's Guide' repeats these procedures in amore convenient form.

This Guide is divided into the following Sections:

4.2-1

4.3-1

4.4-1

4.5-1

4.6-1

4.7-1

4.8-1

4.9-1

4.10-1

4.11-1

4.12-1

4.13-1

4.14-1

4.15-1

4.16-1

4.17-1

8 App A

2 Interconnections

3 DC Voltage

4 AC Voltage

5 DC Current

6 AC Current

7 Resistance

8 Conductance

9 Frequency

10 Mark/Period

11 % Duty

12 Auxiliary Functions

13 Capacitance

14 Temperature — Thermocouple

15 Temperature — RTD

16 Logic Pulses

17 Logic Levels

18 Error Messages

Model 9100 — Interconnections 2-1

User's H'b'kPage Ref2

2.1 External Leads —Specification Degradation

The 9100 Accuracy Specification is delivered at thefront panel terminals.

Degradation of the specification at the UUT canoccur if care is not taken to select the correct type,length and terminations for the external leads. Thisapplies particularly to the outputs of HF AC Voltageat milliamp levels and HF AC Current. In addition, foraccurate thermocouple simulation, extension leadsof the correct materials must be used to avoidforming spurious junctions.

2.2 Model 9105 Lead SetThe design of the Model 9105 optimizes theconnections between 9100 and UUT, in order tominimize the specification degradation for the outputsof all functions. In addition, it provides a convenientscreened work mat which permits easy connectionto the UUT using leads of defined short length, whichare also provided.

It is highly recommended that the 9105 Lead Set beused for all hand-held UUTs.

2.3 Connection AccessoriesTwo accessories are available to connect with the9100/9105 for specific purposes:• For thermocouple software compensation, an

external module can be plugged into a 15-wayD-type socket, either on the 9100 front panel oron the connection unit beneath the 9105.

• A pair of coils is available (Option 200) to permitclamp ammeters to be calibrated at high currents.

Fig 2.1 overleaf

InterconnectionsSection 4, sub-section 4.2 of the User's Handbookgives details of the Model 9105 Leadset andWorkmat, used for connecting the 9100 to the UUT.This Section repeats the User's Handbookinformation appropriate to operationalinterconnections.

4.2.3

4.5.6

4.14.4

2-2 Model 9100 — Interconnections


2.4 Work Mat FacilitiesLayout and ConnectionsThe layout of the 9105 Work Mat is shown in Fig 2.1 Theconnecting leads would not all be connected at the same time, butthe relevant connections for each Function (ACV, DCI,thermocouple simulation etc.) are given with the procedures forindividual functions in the corresponding Sections.

Fig. 2.1 Layout of 9105 Work Mat

ThermoCouple

10A mA COM V-

AAA

AAAA

A

AA Cap

+

-

+-

+

Safety BananasTerminated withProbe Adaptors.

AAAA

AAAAAA

ThermocoupleExtension

Lead

I+mAI+ 20ALI-sLsHHWhiYellBlkBlkRedRed

Adaptor Parking Holes

Work Mat

UUT

Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: DC Voltage Function 3-1


DC Voltage Calibration3

Fig. 3.1 Connections for DC Voltage Calibration

3.1 Interconnections

10A mA COM V-

AA

AACap

+

-



Work Mat

UUT

AAAThermo

Couple+-

3-2 Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: DC Voltage Function

User's H'b'kPage Ref3 DC Voltage Calibration (Contd)

3.2 The 9100 as a Fixed SourceThe following procedure assumes that the instrumentis in Manual Mode. In case of difficulty, read theUser's Handbook; paras 3.3.1. Familiarity with editingscreen values is also assumed (Section 3).

3.2.1 9100 and UUT Setup1. Connections

Connect the 9100 to the UUT as in Fig. 3.1, andensure that both instruments are powered ONand warmed up.

2. UUT Select DC Voltage function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in DC Voltage Functionwith Output OFF. If in any other function, pressthe 'V' key on the right of the front panel.

3.2.2 Sequence of OperationsRefer to the table of UUT calibration points in theManufacturer's Calibration Guide for the UUT. Followthe sequence of calibration stages as directed by theguide, and carry out the following operations (1) to(5) at each stage.1. 9100

Use the front panel controls to set the 9100Output voltage to the UUT cal point value,entering High Voltage State if the cal point hasbeen assigned to that state.

2. UUT Select the correct range for the cal point.3. 9100

a. Set Output ON.b. Note the UUT reading.

4. UUTa. If a UUT calibration adjustment is provided,

adjust the UUT reading to be equal to that onthe 9100 screen, as detailed in the UUTManufacturer's Calibration Guide.

b. If no adjustment is provided on the UUT,record the UUT reading at the calibrationpoint as detailed in the UUT Manufacturer'sCalibration Guide.

5. 9100 Set Output OFF.

4.3-2

3-43-1

3-8 to 21

4.3-7Fig. 4.3.1

Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: DC Voltage Function 3-3


DC Voltage Calibration (Contd)33.3 The 9100 as an Adjustable SourceThe following procedure assumes that the instrumentis in Manual Mode. In case of difficulty, read theUser's Handbook; paras 3.3.1. Familiarity with editingscreen values is also assumed (Section 3).



2. UUT Select DC Voltage function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in DC Voltage Functionwith Output OFF. If in any other function, pressthe 'V' key on the right of the front panel.


Use the front panel controls to set the 9100Output voltage to the UUT cal point value,entering High Voltage State if the cal point hasbeen assigned to that state.


a. Set Output ON.b. Slew the DC Voltage Output reading until

the UUT reading is equal to the calibrationpoint value.

4. UUTRecord the 9100 screen output value as detailedin the UUT Manufacturer's Calibration Guide.


4.3-2

3-43-1

4.3-7Fig. 4.3.1

3-8 to 21


Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: AC Voltage Function 4-1

4 AC Voltage Calibration


Fig. 4.1 Connections for AC Voltage Calibration

10A mA COM V-

AA

AACap

+

-



Work Mat

UUT

AAAThermo

Couple+-

4-2 Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: AC Voltage Function


4.2 Using the 9100 as a Fixed SourceThe following procedure assumes that the instrumentis in Manual Mode. In case of difficulty, read theUser's Handbook; paras 3.3.1. Familiarity with editingscreen values is also assumed (Section 3).


Connect the 9100 to the UUT as shown in Fig.4.1, and ensure that both instruments arepowered ON and warmed up.

2. UUT Select AC Voltage function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in AC Voltage Functionwith Output OFF. If in any other function, pressthe 'V' key on the right of the front panel, thenpress the V screen key.


a. Use the front panel controls to set the 9100Output to the UUT cal point frequency andvoltage, entering High Voltage State if thecal point has been assigned to that state.

b. Select required waveform and phase-shift.2. UUT Select the correct range for the cal point.3. 9100



adjust the UUT reading to be equal to that onthe 9100 screen, as detailed in the UUTManufacturer's Calibration Guide .

b. If no adjustment is provided on the UUT,record the UUT reading at the calibrationpoint as detailed in the UUT Manufacturer'sCalibration Guide .


3-43-1

4.4-2

4 AC Voltage Calibration (Contd)

4.4-4 to 6

3-8 to 214.4-11

Fig. 4.4.1


Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: AC Voltage Function 4-3

4.3 The 9100 as an Adjustable SourceThe following procedure assumes that the instrumentis in Manual Mode. In case of difficulty, read theUser's Handbook; paras 3.3.1. Familiarity with editingscreen values is also assumed (Section 3).



2. UUT Select AC Voltage function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in AC Voltage Functionwith Output OFF. If in any other function, pressthe 'V' key on the right of the front panel, thenpress the V screen key.


a. Use the front panel controls to set the 9100Output to the UUT cal point frequency andvoltage, entering High Voltage State if thecal point has been assigned to that state.


a. Set Output ON.b. Slew the AC Voltage Output reading until


4. UUTRecord the 9100 screen output value as detailedin the UUT Manufacturer's Calibration Guide .


3-43-1

4.4-2

4 AC Voltage Calibration (Contd)

4.4-4 to 6

3-8 to 214.4-11

Fig. 4.4.1

Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: DC Current Function 5-1

User's H'b'kPage Ref5 DC Current Calibration


The general connection schemes for UUT calibrationof DC Current Function are illustrated in Figs. 5.1,5.2 and 5.3.

Fig. 5.1Connections for DCI 'NORMAL OUTPUT'

UUT Calibration

10A mA COM V-

AA

AAA

AA Cap

+

-ThermoCouple

+-



Work Mat

UUT

5-2 Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: DC Current Function


Fig. 5.2Connections for DCI 'AUX OUTPUT' UUT Calibration

10A mA COM V-

AA

AAA

AA Cap

+

-ThermoCouple

+-



Work Mat

UUT

5 DC Current Calibration (Contd.)

5.1 Interconnections (Contd.)



Fig. 5.3Connections for DC High Current UUT Calibration

Using the 10-Turn or 50-Turn Current Coils


Work Mat

I+ 20A leadin position to energise the 10-Turn coil


50-Turncoil

10-Turncoil

LI- lead connects to the required coil Common

socket


User's H'b'kPage Ref5 DC Current Calibration (Contd.)

5.1 Interconnections (Contd.)

Notes about positioning the current sensingclamp in the center air space of the coils:

The two coils on the assembly have been optimallydesigned to reduce the effects of stray magneticfields at the pick-up position for sensor clamps.The design gives characteristics which wouldnormally be associated with central air spaces ofmuch larger area, more closely simulating single-conductor pick-ups.

However, there are several types of clamp meter;some having different requirements for placing theclamp around the pick-up conductor. Manufacturersnormally give instructions for aligning the clamp ormeter with respect to the conductor. When themeter is clamped to any conductor, errors may arisewhose magnitude is similar to the uncertainty of themeter if precautions are not observed, so themanufacturer's instructions should be strictlyfollowed when using the 9100 to calibrate theclamp meter.

To obtain consistent results, in the absence ofmanufacturer's instructions, the followingguidelines should be observed:

• Fig 5.4. With the coils located on a non-magnetic surface (not the work mat, as it has asteel core), place the clamp in position so thatit surrounds the vertical arm of the coil. Keepthe clamp mid-way up the vertical arm, andaway from the corners.

• Fig 5.5. Place the vertical arm of the coil, as faras is possible, in the center of the air space of theclamp. Align the center axis of the meter alongthe plane of the coil itself.

• During later normal measurements using theclamp meter, place the clamp in the sameposition with respect to the pick-up conductoras it was when being calibrated.



AAAA

VerticalArm

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

Non-Magnetic Surface

Coil

ClampMeter

I+

I-

Meter

Clamp

Top of Coil

Plane of Coil

Fig. 5.5 Position of Coil

Fig. 5.4 Position of Clamp


User's H'b'kPage Ref5 DC Current Calibration (Contd)



Connect the 9100 to the UUT as in Fig. 5.1, 5.2or 5.3/4/5, and ensure that both instruments arepowered ON and warmed up.

2. UUT Select DC Current function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in DC Current Functionwith Output OFF. If in any other function, pressthe 'A' key on the right of the front panel.


Use the front panel controls to set the 9100Output current to the UUT cal point value, andselect the form of output (SELECT OUTPUTkey). Reconnect (Fig 5.1, Fig 5.2, or Fig 5.3/4/5) as required.







4.5-2

3-8 to 21

3-43-1



DC Current Calibration (Contd)55.3 The 9100 as an Adjustable SourceThe following procedure assumes that the instrumentis in Manual Mode. In case of difficulty, read theUser's Handbook; paras 3.3.1. Familiarity with editingscreen values is also assumed (Section 3).


Connect the 9100 to the UUT as in Fig. 5.1, 5.2or 5.3/4/5, and ensure that both instruments arepowered ON and warmed up.

2. UUT Select DC Current function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in DC Current Functionwith Output OFF. If in any other function, pressthe 'A' key on the right of the front panel.


Use the front panel controls to set the 9100Output current to the UUT cal point value, andselect the form of output (SELECT OUTPUTkey). Reconnect (Fig 5.1, Fig 5.2, or Fig 5.3/4/5) as required.


a. Set Output ON.b. Slew the DC Current Output reading until




4.5-2

3-43-1

3-8 to 21


Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: AC Current Function 6-1


The general connection schemes for UUT calibrationof AC Current Function are illustrated in Figs. 6.1,6.2 and 6.3.

Fig. 6.1Connections for ACI 'NORMAL OUTPUT'

UUT Calibration

10A mA COM V-

AA

AAA

AA Cap

+

-ThermoCouple

+-



Work Mat

UUT

AC Current Calibration6


6-2 Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: AC Current Function

AC Current Calibration (Contd.)66.1 Interconnections (Contd.)

Fig. 6.2Connections for ACI 'AUX OUTPUT' UUT Calibration

10A mA COM V-

AA

AAA

AA Cap

+

-ThermoCouple

+-



Work Mat

UUT



Fig. 6.3Connections for AC High Current UUT Calibration

Using the 10-Turn or 50-Turn Current Coils


Work Mat



50-Turncoil

10-Turncoil

LI- lead connects to the required coil Common

socket



Notes about positioning the current sensingclamp in the center air space of the coils:

The two coils on the assembly have been optimallydesigned to reduce the effects of stray magneticfields at the pick-up position for sensor clamps.The design gives characteristics which wouldnormally be associated with central air spaces ofmuch larger area, more closely simulating single-conductor pick-ups.

However, there are several types of clamp meter;some having different requirements for placing theclamp around the pick-up conductor. Manufacturersnormally give instructions for aligning the clamp ormeter with respect to the conductor. When themeter is clamped to any conductor, errors may arisewhose magnitude is similar to the uncertainty of themeter if precautions are not observed, so themanufacturer's instructions should be strictlyfollowed when using the 9100 to calibrate theclamp meter.

To obtain consistent results, in the absence ofmanufacturer's instructions, the followingguidelines should be observed:

• Fig 6.4. With the coils located on a non-magnetic surface (not the work mat, as it has asteel core), place the clamp in position so thatit surrounds the vertical arm of the coil. Keepthe clamp mid-way up the vertical arm, andaway from the corners.

• Fig 6.5. Place the vertical arm of the coil, as faras is possible, in the center of the air space of theclamp. Align the center axis of the meter alongthe plane of the coil itself.

• During later normal measurements using theclamp meter, place the clamp in the sameposition with respect to the pick-up conductoras it was when being calibrated.

AC Current Calibration (Contd.)66.1 Interconnections (Contd.)



Fig. 6.4 Position of Clamp

AA

VerticalArm

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

Non-Magnetic Surface

Coil

ClampMeter

I+

I-

Meter

Clamp

Top of Coil

Plane of Coil

Fig. 6.5 Position of Coil





Connect the 9100 to the UUT as shown in Fig.6.1, 6.2 or 6.3/4/5, and ensure that bothinstruments are powered ON and warmed up.

2. UUT Select AC Current function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in AC Current Functionwith Output OFF. If in any other function, pressthe 'A' key on the right of the front panel, thenpress the A screen key.


a. Use the front panel controls to set the 9100Output to the UUT cal point frequency,current and output form (SELECT OUTPUTkey). Reconnect (Fig 6.1, Fig 6.2, or Fig 6.3/4/5) as required.







3-43-1

4.6-2

6 AC Current Calibration (Contd)

3-8 to 21





Connect the 9100 to the UUT as shown in Fig.6.1, 6.2 or 6.3/4/5, and ensure that bothinstruments are powered ON and warmed up.

2. UUT Select AC Current function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in AC Current Functionwith Output OFF. If in any other function, pressthe 'A ' key on the right of the front panel, thenpress the A screen key.


a. Use the front panel controls to set the 9100Output to the UUT cal point frequency,current and output form (SELECT OUTPUTkey). Reconnect (Fig 6.1, Fig 6.2, or Fig 6.3/4/5) as required.


a. Set Output ON.b. Slew the AC Current Output reading until




3-43-1

4.6-2

6 AC Current Calibration (Contd)

3-8 to 21

Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Resistance Function 7-1

User's H'b'kPage Ref7 Resistance Calibration

7.1 InterconnectionsThe general connection scheme for UUT calibrationis illustrated in Fig. 7.1. The use of either 4-wireremote sensing at the UUT terminals, or 2-wire localsensing at the 9100 terminals, is served by the sameconnections from the 9105 at the work mat. Selectionof 2/4-wire is carried out on the 9100 front panel.

Fig. 7.1: Interconnections for2-Wire or 4-Wire UUT Resistance Calibration

10A mA COM V-

AA

AACap

+

-



Work Mat

UUT

AAAThermo

Couple+-

7-2 Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Resistance Function

User's H'b'kPage Ref7 Resistance Calibration (Contd)




2. UUT Select Resistance function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in Resistance Functionwith Output OFF. If in any other function, pressthe 'Ω' key on the right of the front panel.


Use the front panel controls to set the 9100Output resistance to the UUT cal point value,selecting 2-Wire or 4-Wire and 'UUTi' CurrentSpan as required.







4.7-2

3-43-1

3-8 to 21

4.7-9/104.7-11

Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Resistance Function 7-3


Resistance Calibration (Contd)77.3 The 9100 as an Adjustable SourceThe following procedure assumes that the instrumentis in Manual Mode. In case of difficulty, read theUser's Handbook; paras 3.3.1. Familiarity with editingscreen values is also assumed (Section 3).



2. UUT Select Resistance function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in Resistance Functionwith Output OFF. If in any other function, pressthe 'Ω' key on the right of the front panel.


Use the front panel controls to set the 9100Output resistance to the UUT cal point value,selecting 2-Wire or 4-Wire and 'UUTi' CurrentSpan as required.


a. Set Output ON.b. Slew the Resistance Output reading until




4.7-2

3-43-1

4.7-9/104.7-11

3-8 to 21

Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Conductance Function 8-1


Conductance Calibration


Fig. 8.1Connections for 4-Wire & 2-Wire Conductance Calibration

10A mA COM V-

AA

AACap

+

-



Work Mat

UUT

AAAThermo

Couple+-

8

8-2 Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Conductance Function


Conductance Calibration (Contd)

4.8-2

3-43-1




2. UUT Select Conductance function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in Conductance Functionwith Output OFF. If in any other function, pressthe 'Ω' key on the right of the front panel, thenpress the screen key on the bottom row.


Use the front panel controls to set the 9100Output conductance to the UUT cal point value,selecting 2-Wire or 4-Wire and 'UUTi' CurrentSpan as required.







8

3-8 to 21

4.8-8/104.8-11

Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Conductance Function 8-3


4.8-2

3-43-1

Conductance Calibration (Contd)




2. UUT Select Conductance function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in Conductance Functionwith Output OFF. If in any other function, pressthe 'Ω' key on the right of the front panel, thenpress the screen key on the bottom row.


Use the front panel controls to set the 9100Output conductance to the UUT cal point value,selecting 2-Wire or 4-Wire and 'UUTi' CurrentSpan as required.


a. Set Output ON.b. Slew the Conductance Output reading until




8

3-8 to 21

4.8-8/104.8-11


Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Frequency Function 9-1

Frequency Calibration99.1 Interconnections

Fig. 9.1 Connections for Frequency Calibration

10A mA COM V-

AA

AACap

+

-



Work Mat

UUT

AAAThermo

Couple+-


9-2 Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Frequency Function

Frequency Calibration (Contd)99.2 Using the 9100 as a Fixed SourceThe following procedure assumes that the instrumentis in Manual Mode. In case of difficulty, read theUser's Handbook; paras 3.3.1. Familiarity with editingscreen values is also assumed (Section 3).



2. UUT Select Frequency function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in Frequency Functionwith Output OFF. If in any other function, pressthe 'Hz' key on the right of the front panel, or theHz screen key at the left of the bottom row.


Use the front panel controls to set the 9100Output to the UUT cal point parameters:

FrequencyHigh signal level voltageLow signal level voltage


a. Set Output ON.b. Note the UUT reading or response.


adjust the UUT reading or response to beappropriate to the settings on the 9100screen, as detailed in the UUTManufacturer's Calibration Guide.

b. If no adjustment is provided on the UUT,record the UUT reading or response at thecalibration point as detailed in the UUTManufacturer's Calibration Guide.


3-43-1

4.9-2

3-8 to 21


Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Frequency Function 9-3

Frequency Calibration (Contd)99.3 The 9100 as an Adjustable SourceThe following procedure assumes that the instrumentis in Manual Mode. In case of difficulty, read theUser's Handbook; paras 3.3.1. Familiarity with editingscreen values is also assumed (Section 3).



2. UUT Select Frequency function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in Frequency Functionwith Output OFF. If in any other function, pressthe 'Hz' key on the right of the front panel, or theHz screen key at the left of the bottom row.



FrequencyHigh signal level voltageLow signal level voltage


a. Set Output ON.b. Slew the Frequency Output reading until the

UUT reading or response is appropriate tothe 9100 settings.

4. UUTRecord the 9100 screen output values as detailedin the UUT Manufacturer's Calibration Guide.


3-43-1

4.9-2

3-8 to 21


Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Mark/Period Function 10-1

Mark/Period Calibration


Fig. 10.1 Connections for Mark/Period Calibration

10A mA COM V-

AA

AACap

+

-



Work Mat

UUT

AAAThermo

Couple+-

10


10-2 Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Mark/Period Function

Mark/Period Calibration (Contd)




2. UUT Select Mark/Period function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in Mark/Period Functionwith Output OFF. If in any other function, pressthe 'Hz' key on the right of the front panel, thenthe screen key on the bottom row.



Mark time intervalPeriod time intervalHigh signal level voltageLow signal level voltage







3-43-1

4.10-2

10

3-8 to 21


Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Mark/Period Function 10-3




2. UUT Select Mark/Period function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in Mark/Period Functionwith Output OFF. If in any other function, pressthe 'Hz' key on the right of the front panel, thenthe screen key on the bottom row.



Mark time intervalPeriod time intervalHigh signal level voltageLow signal level voltage


a. Set Output ON.b. Slew the required Output parameter until

the UUT reading or response is appropriateto the 9100 settings.



3-43-1

Mark/Period Calibration (Contd)

4.10-2

10

3-8 to 21


Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: % Duty Function 11-1

% Duty Calibration1111.1 Interconnections

Fig. 11.1 Connections for % Duty Calibration

10A mA COM V-

AA

AACap

+

-



Work Mat

UUT

AAAThermo

Couple+-


11-2 Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: % Duty Function

% Duty Calibration (Contd)




2. UUT Select % Duty function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in % Duty Function withOutput OFF. If in any other function, press the'Hz' key on the right of the front panel, then the

screen key on the bottom row.



% DutyPeriodHigh signal level voltageLow signal level voltage







3-43-1

11

4.11-2

3-8 to 21


Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: % Duty Function 11-3




2. UUT Select % Duty function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in % Duty Function withOutput OFF. If in any other function, press the'Hz' key on the right of the front panel, then the

screen key on the bottom row.



% DutyPeriodHigh signal level voltageLow signal level voltage


a. Set Output ON.b. Slew the required Output parameter until

the UUT reading or response is appropriateto the 9100 settings.



3-43-1

% Duty Calibration (Contd)11

4.11-2

3-8 to 21


Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Auxiliary Functions 12-1

Auxiliary Calibration1212.1 Auxiliary Functions

12.1.1 Function Grouping and SelectionThree function groups are accessed using the 'Aux ' key on theright of the front panel. Two are sub-divided into individualfunctions as shown in the table below, which also gives theirselection symbols and Section numbers in this guide:

Function Symbol Sub- Symbol Sectionon Aux Function on Sub-Screen Screen

Capacitance --- --- 13

Temperature: °C Thermo THERMO-couple COUPLE

TYPE 14

RTD RTD 15

Logic: Pulses 16

Levels 1/Ø 17

12.1.2 Calibration ProceduresThe instructions for calibrating UUTs in the above functions arecontained in their sections as shown in the table.

Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Capacitance Function 13-1

User's H'b'kPage Ref13 Capacitance Calibration


Fig. 13.1 Connections for4-Wire or 2-Wire Capacitance UUT Calibration(Leads which are not shown are not connected)

10A mA COM V-

AA

AAA

AA Cap

+

-K-type

+-

Safety BananasTerminated withProbe Adaptors.

For those UUTs on which one of the

capacitance terminals is marked with a '+'

sign, always observe the correct polarity as shown. If no terminal

is marked '+', try reversing the

connections, and then use the least-noisy

arrangement.

Some UUTs use standard safety

banana sockets for Capacitance

measurement. In these cases the

adaptors will not be required

AAAA

AAAAAA


Work Mat

UUT


13-2 Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Capacitance Function

User's H'b'kPage Ref13 Capacitance Calibration (Contd)




2. UUT Select Capacitance function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in Capacitance Functionwith Output OFF. If in any other function, pressthe 'Aux ' key on the right of the front panel, thenpress the screen key on the bottom row.


Use the front panel controls to set the 9100Output capacitance to the UUT cal point value,selecting 2-Wire or 4-Wire and 'UUTi' CurrentSpan as required.







4.13-2

3-43-1

3-8 to 21

4.13-9/104.13-11

Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Capacitance Function 13-3





2. UUT Select Capacitance function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in Capacitance Functionwith Output OFF. If in any other function, pressthe 'Aux ' key on the right of the front panel, thenpress the screen key on the bottom row.


Use the front panel controls to set the 9100Output capacitance to the UUT cal point value,selecting 2-Wire or 4-Wire and 'UUTi' CurrentSpan as required.


a. Set Output ON.b. Slew the Capacitance Output reading until




4.13-2

3-43-1

13 Capacitance Calibration (Contd)

3-8 to 21

4.13-9/104.13-11

Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Thermocouple Function 14-1

User's H'b'kPage Ref14 Thermocouple

Temperature Calibration14.1 InterconnectionsThe general connection scheme for UUT calibrationis illustrated in Fig. 14.1. Always use the correctextension cable from the Thermocouple socket onthe 9105 to the UUT Thermocouple input. Observethe correct polarity, otherwise spurious junctionsmay be set up.

Fig. 14.1Connections for Thermocouple Temperature Calibration

N.B. Always ensure that the CJC pod fitted to theleadset connection block (or 9100 front panel)is the same unit that was calibrated togetherwith the 9100 unit in use.

10A mA COM V-

AA

AAA

AA Cap

+

-ThermoCouple

+-

+

Connect both ends in correct orientation;

The 2mm blade is the '+' contact.

On most UUTs, the plug/socket

connection is unique and cannot be

wrongly connected

Always use the correctthermal extension connector from theisothermal block



Work Mat

UUT

14-2 Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Thermocouple Function

User's H'b'kPage Ref14 Thermocouple Temperature

Calibration (Contd)




2. UUT Select Thermocouple Temperaturefunction.

3. 9100Ensure that the 9100 is in ThermocoupleTemperature Function with Output OFF. If inany other function, press the 'Aux ' key on theright of the front panel, then press the °C screenkey on the bottom row.

14.2.2 Sequence of OperationsRefer to the table of UUT calibration points in theUUT Calibration Guide. Follow the sequence ofcalibration stages as directed by the guide, and carryout the following operations (1) to (5) at each stage.1. 9100

a. Ensure that the correct parameters(thermocouple type, temperature scale, andunit of temperature) are selected.

b. Set the 9100 Output temperature to the UUTcal point value, using front-panel controls.




adjust the UUT reading to be equal to that onthe 9100 screen, as detailed in the UUT'sCalibration Guide.

b. If no adjustment is provided on the UUT,record the UUT reading at the calibrationpoint as detailed in the UUT's CalibrationGuide.


3-43-1

4.14-2

3-8 to 21

4.14-4

Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Thermocouple Function 14-3

User's H'b'kPage Ref14 Thermocouple Temperature

Calibration (Contd)

3-43-1

4.14-2

3-8 to 21

4.14-4




2. UUT Select Thermocouple Temperaturefunction.

3. 9100Ensure that the 9100 is in ThermocoupleTemperature Function with Output OFF. If inany other function, press the 'Aux ' key on theright of the front panel, then press the °C screenkey on the bottom row.

14.3.2 Sequence of OperationsRefer to the table of UUT calibration points in theUUT Calibration Guide. Follow the sequence ofcalibration stages as directed by the guide, and carryout the following operations (1) to (5) at each stage.1. 9100

a. Ensure that the correct parameters(thermocouple type, temperature scale, andunit of temperature) are selected.

b. Set the 9100 Output temperature to the UUTcal point value, using front-panel controls.


a. Set Output ON.b. Slew the Output Temperature reading until


4. UUTRecord the 9100 screen output value as detailedin the UUT's Calibration Guide.


Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: RTD Temp. Function 15-1

User's H'b'kPage Ref15 RTD Temperature

Calibration15.1 InterconnectionsThe general connection scheme for UUT calibrationis illustrated in Fig. 15.1. The use of either 4-wireremote sensing at the UUT terminals, or 2-wire localsensing at the 9100 terminals, is served by the sameconnections from the 9105 at the work mat. Selectionof 2/4-wire is carried out on the 9100 front panel.

Fig. 15.1Connections for RTD Temperature Calibration

10A mA COM V-

AA

AACap

+

-



Work Mat

UUT

AAAThermo

Couple+-

15-2 Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: RTD Temp. Function

User's H'b'kPage Ref15 RTD Temperature Calibration

(Contd)




2. UUT Select the RTD Temperature function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in RTD TemperatureFunction with Output OFF. If in any otherfunction, press the 'Aux ' key on the right of thefront panel, then press the °C screen key on thebottom row. Finally press the RTD screen keyon the bottom row.


a. Ensure that the correct parameters (RTDtype, temperature scale, and unit oftemperature) are selected.

b. Use the front panel controls to set the 9100Output temperature to the UUT cal pointvalue, selecting 2-Wire or 4-Wire and 'UUTi'Current Span as required.


Set Output ON and note the UUT reading.4. UUT

a. If a UUT calibration adjustment is provided,adjust the UUT reading to be equal to that onthe 9100 screen, as detailed in theUUTManufacturer's Calibration Guide.

b. If no adjustment is provided on the UUT,record the UUT reading at the calibrationpoint as detailed in the UUTManufacturer'sCalibration Guide.


3-43-1

4.15-2

3-8 to 21

4.15-4

Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: RTD Temp. Function 15-3

User's H'b'kPage Ref15 RTD Temperature Calibration

(Contd)

3-43-1




2. UUT Select the RTD Temperature function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in RTD TemperatureFunction with Output OFF. If in any otherfunction, press the 'Aux ' key on the right of thefront panel, then press the °C screen key on thebottom row. Finally press the RTD screen keyon the bottom row.


a. Ensure that the correct parameters (RTDtype, temperature scale, and unit oftemperature) are selected.

b. Use the front panel controls to set the 9100Output temperature to the UUT cal pointvalue, selecting 2-Wire or 4-Wire and 'UUTi'Current Span as required.


a. Set Output ON and note the UUT reading.b. Slew the Output Temperature reading until


4. UUTRecord the 9100 screen output value as detailedin the UUTManufacturer's Calibration Guide.


4.15-2

3-8 to 21

4.15-4


Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Logic Pulses Function 16-1

Logic Pulses Calibration1616.1 Interconnections

10A mA COM V-

AA

AACap

+

-



Work Mat

UUT

AAAThermo

Couple+-

Fig. 16.1 Connections for Logic Pulses Calibration


16-2 Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Logic Pulses Function

Logic Pulses Calibration(Contd)




2. UUT Select Logic Pulses function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in Logic Pulses Functionwith Output OFF. If in any other function, pressthe 'Aux ' key on the right of the front panel, thenthe LOGIC screen key on the bottom row.



Pulse Width and Repetition IntervalLogic signal type: TTL, CMOS or ECL

2. UUT Select the correct range or response forthe cal point.

3. 9100a. Set Output ON.b. Note the UUT reading or response.


adjust the UUT reading or response to beappropriate to the settings on the 9100 screen,as detailed in the UUT Manufacturer'sCalibration Guide.



3-43-1

3-8 to 21

4.16-2


Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Logic Pulses Function 16-3

Logic Pulses Calibration(Contd)




2. UUT Select Logic Pulses function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in Logic Pulses Functionwith Output OFF. If in any other function, pressthe 'Aux ' key on the right of the front panel, thenthe LOGIC screen key on the bottom row.



Pulse Width and Repetition IntervalLogic signal type: TTL, CMOS or ECL


3. 9100a. Set Output ON.b. Slew appropriate Output parameters until

the UUT reading or response is as requiredfor the cal point.

4. UUTRecord the 9100 screen output parameter valuesas detailed in the UUT Manufacturer's CalibrationGuide.


3-43-1

3-8 to 21

4.16-2


Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Logic Levels Function 17-1

Logic Levels Calibration1717.1 Interconnections

10A mA COM V-

AA

AACap

+

-



Work Mat

UUT

AAAThermo

Couple+-

Fig. 17.1 Connections for Logic Levels Calibration


17-2 Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Logic Levels Function

Logic Levels Calibration(Contd)




2. UUT Select Logic Levels function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in Logic Levels Functionwith Output OFF. If in any other function, pressthe 'Aux ' key on the right of the front panel, thenthe LOGIC screen key on the bottom row. Finallypress the 1/Ø screen key on the bottom row.


Use the front panel controls to set the 9100Output to the UUT cal point parameters:Logic type: TTL, CMOS or ECLVoltage Level ('H' or 'L' screen keys can be used)


3. 9100a. Set Output ON.b. Note the UUT reading or response.


adjust the UUT reading or response to beappropriate to the settings on the 9100 screen,as in the UUT Manufacturer's Calibration Guide.

b. If no UUT adjustment is provided, record theUUT reading or response at the calibrationpoint as detailed in the UUT Manufacturer'sCalibration Guide.


3-43-1

4.17-2

3-8 to 21


Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Logic Levels Function 17-3

Logic Levels Calibration(Contd)




2. UUT Select Logic Levels function.3. 9100

Ensure that the 9100 is in Logic Levels Functionwith Output OFF. If in any other function, pressthe 'Aux ' key on the right of the front panel, thenthe LOGIC screen key on the bottom row. Finallypress the 1/Ø screen key on the bottom row.



Logic type: TTL, CMOS or ECLVoltage Level ('H' or 'L' screen keys can beused if required)


3. 9100a. Set Output ON.b. Slew appropriate Output parameters until

the UUT reading or response is as requiredfor the cal point.

4. UUTRecord the 9100 screen output parameter valuesas detailed in the UUT Manufacturer's CalibrationGuide.


3-43-1

4.17-2

3-8 to 21

Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Error Messages 18-1

Error Messages1818.1 Error Messages

While using the Model 9100 in its manual operatingmode it is possible that error messages will bedisplayed on the screen. Some of these messagessimply inform the operator that the adjustments he/she has made to the Model 9100's front-panel controlswould result in an invalid instrument condition — forexample, the requested AC output voltage andfrequency would exceed the Model 9100's volt-hertzprofile specification — while others warn of possiblefailures within the instrument. The action which mustbe taken when each of these messages appearsdepends on the type of message displayed.

The Model 9100's error messages are thereforebroken down into different types as follows:-

Type A Fatal System Errors

This type of error occurs when the Model 9100'smicroprocessor detects illegal conditions in thecalibrator's analog circuits or in its own hardwareand software operating environment. When this typeof error occurs, a hardware 'watchdog' circuit activatesthe microprocessor's reset line to restart the Model9100, and the appropriate fatal error message iscontinuously displayed.

Action required:

Press the RESUME screen softkey or power theModel 9100 off and then on. If the error messagerecurs, note it and contact your local Fluke ServiceCenter.

Type B General Operating Errors

These errors warn the user that he/she has requestedan operating condition which is beyond the normaloperating limits of the Model 9100.

Action required:

Adjust the requested operating conditions until theylie within the Model 9100's specified limits andproceed.

18-2 Model 9100 — Operator's Guide: Error Messages

Type C Overload Errors

Overload errors occur when the Model 9100 detectsover-current, over-voltage, over-temperature or over-compliance conditions in its analog output circuits.

Action required:

Remove the source of the overload, and in the caseof over-temperature conditions wait for the Model9100 to cool down. If the overload condition persists,contact your local Fluke Service Center.

Type D Calibration Errors

Although most of these errors occur during calibrationof the Model 9100, they may also occur when theModel 9100 interrogates its calibration stores duringnormal operation.

Action required:

Error messages indicating a password failure orincorrect cal switch position can be overcome byrectifying the condition before proceeding. If theerror message indicates a corrupt calibration store,recalibrate the Model 9100. If the failure messagepersists, contact your local Fluke Service Center.

Type E Cold Junction CompensationErrors

These errors occur when the thermistor which sensesthe temperature of the Model 9100's terminalsindicates an obvious temperature error.

Action required:

Contact your local Fluke Service Center.

Type F Configuration Errors

These errors only occur when you are configuringthe Model 9100 using the CONFIG screen menus.

Action required:

Correct the configuration data which has caused theerror and proceed.

Error Messages18


Error Messages1818.2 Fluke Service Center

Support

If you are unable to overcome the cause of errormessages displayed on your Model 9100 or youbelieve that the unit has developed a fault, you canobtain product support from your nearest FlukeService Center. However, before you do so pleasetake the time to document as much information aspossible about the nature of the error message orfault. As a minimum, this should include the mode ofoperation in which the Model 9100 was being usedwhen the error message/fault occurred, the functionand range selected at the time, and the error messagewhich was displayed. You should also run the Model9100's Full Selftest routines (see Section 8.3 of theModel 9100 Multifunction Meter Calibration SystemUser's Handbook — Volume 2) and report any errormessages which appear during these tests. Notethat you can obtain a print out of the selftest resultsby connecting a printer to the Model 9100's parallelprinter port and selecting the PRINT option at theend of selftest.

The more information you can provide, the easier itwill be for Fluke's engineers to diagnose andrectify the fault.


Error Messages1818.3 Alphabetic List of Error Messages

Error Message ErrorType

AAmplitude outside limits DA valid Cold Junction temperature is required D

BBottom of range B

CCal is password protected DCal switch not enabled DCannot change: delta Φ still selected BCannot change: Φ ref out still selected BCap meas no 1st reading

The first of the two measurements requiredfor capacitance calibration is missing D

Cap meas no 2nd readingThe second of the two measurements requiredfor capacitance calibration is missing D

Cap meas outside limits DCentury entry is not a valid number

The first two digits of the year entered arenot 19 or 20 F

Changing current setting gives best UUT performanceUUT sense current high. Internal circuits saturated. B

Cold junction measurement invalid. Default = 25°C EConfirm with ON BCorrupt +ve zero (DAC) DCorrupt -ve zero (DAC) DCorrupt cal factors DCorrupt cold junc diff factor ECorrupt composite DAC zero D


Error Messages18Error Message Error

TypeCorrupt factors:- substitution

A nominal correction factor has been substituted forinvalid data in the non-volatile memory D

Corrupt LFAC correctionThe low frequency AC correction factor is corrupted D

Corrupt lookup tableThe required value in the DAC characterizationlook-up table is corrupted D

Corrupt main DAC gain DCorrupt offset DAC factor DCorrupt polarity gain (DAC) DCorrupt res. ref. factor DCorrupt selfcal factor DCorrupt trim DAC gain DCorrupt Vmax. Vmin D

DDAC Default Charactn. Failed

An attempt to load the DAC characterizationlook-up table with default values has failed A

Day entry is not a valid day FDay entry is not a valid number FDay separator is incorrect FDeviation too big BDeviation too small BDown range required BDuty too big BDuty too small B

EEntry contains illegal characters BEntry does not give a valid time setting F


Error Messages18

FFailed -------- DFailed to clear Flash RAM AFailed to save (cjc) factor DFailed to save (R-eqV) factor DFailed to save configuration FFlash RAM protected by switch AFrequency outside limits DFrequency too big BFrequency too small BFreq too big: 1kHz max when delta Φ active BFreq too big: 1kHz max when Φ ref out active B

GGain request limited

Requested gain setting is beyond the maximumcapability of the DAC. The maximum value hasbeen set. D

HHigh volt lvl below low volt lvl

The voltage specified for the high level of a pulsewaveform is below that specified for its low level B

High volt lvl equals low volt lvlThe voltage specified for the high level of a pulsewaveform is the same as that specified for itslow level B

Hours entry is not a valid number F

IIllegal duty/width combination BIllegal offset BIllegal rep/width combination BIncorrect or missing workmat.

Cold junction default = 25°C EInvalid CJC measurement - default to 25°C EInvalid junction measurement E



Error Messages18

LLevel too big BLevel too small BLimits: Gain of 1 zero DLimits: R-eqV DLow volt lvl above high volt lvl

The voltage specified for the low level of a pulsewaveform is above that specified for its high level B

MMaximum value BMeasurement command flushed

The required internal A/D converter readingis not available A

Minimum value BMinutes entry is not a valid number FMonth entry is not a valid month FMonth entry is not a valid number FMonth separator is incorrect FMULTIPLE analogue fail flags

More than one analogue failure has been detected C

NNo A/D ready bit after 160ms

The internal A/D converter has not produced areading within the required time period A

No more failures to viewThere are no more self-test failures to be reported B

No more ranges BNominal Resistance too big BNominal Resistance too small BNumber too big B



Error Messages18

OOPERATING SYSTEM ERROR AOver compliance COver temperature COverload of HV power supply COverload of output clamp COverload of power amp C

PPassword incorrect DPeriod too big BPeriod too small BPhase angle too big BPhase angle too small BPrinter is not responding BPrinter out of paper BPriority OFF received

A request to turn the output ON has beenoveridden by a request to turn it OFF B

RReached lower boundary BReached upper boundary B



SSafety Voltage must be in the range

10.000 V - 110.000 V FSearch Procedure - NO Test point BSearch Procedure - Function ID Expected BSyntax error B

TTarget too big BTarget too small BTemperature must be within the range 00.00 - 50.00 DTemperature table: no entry found ETemperature too big BTemperature too small BThermal limit:- reduced output BThermocouple adaptor required.

Cold junction default = 25°C ETop of range B

Error Messages18Error Message Error

Type


UUNDEFINED FATAL ERROR

The firmware detected an unspecified fatal error AUNEXPECTED case in switch statement AUNEXPECTED compliance flag

An output compliance error occurred while theoutput circuit was inactive A

UNEXPECTED HV power supply flagA high voltage output error occurred while thehigh voltage circuit was inactive A

UNEXPECTED multiple fail flags AUNEXPECTED over temperature flag

An over-temperature error occurred while thetemperature measurement circuit was inactive A

UNEXPECTED Output clamp overload AUNEXPECTED Power amp overload

A power amplifier overload error occurredwhile the power amplifier was inactive A

Unknown keycodeThe keyboard encoder has produced anunrecognised code B

Up range required BUsing default DAC factors DUUT sense current is high. Internal circuits saturated.

Change current setting BUUT sense current is high. Internal circuits saturated.

Output outside specification BUUT sense current is low.

Output outside specification B

VEntered value is outside of the allowed range B

WWidth too big BWidth too small B

YYear entry is not a valid number FYear separator is incorrect F

Error Messages18

THE Model 9100 UNIVERSAL CALIBRATION - Fluke Caldownload.flukecal.com/pub/literature/9100____ogeng0000.pdf · A LETHAL ELECTRIC SHOCK ! Model 9100: I+, I-, Hi, ... Section 4 of the

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