The MMPI-2-RF (Restructured Form) Forensic Practice Briefing Yossef S. Ben-Porath Department of Psychology Kent State University Kent, OH [email protected]Disclosure Yossef Ben-Porath is a paid consultant to the MMPI publisher, the University of Minnesota, and distributor, Pearson. As co-author of the MMPI-2-RF he receives royalties on sales of the test. Agenda MMPI-2-RF Overview Using the MMPI-2-RF in Forensic Assessments Admissibility Discussion
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The MMPI-2-RF (Restructured Form) Forensic Practice Briefing · Using the MMPI-2-RF in Forensic Assessments Why? Efficient, comprehensive, validated assessment of variables of relevance
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Yossef Ben-Porath is a paid consultant to the MMPI publisher, the University of Minnesota, and distributor, Pearson. As co-author of the MMPI-2-RF he receives royalties on sales of the test.
AgendaMMPI-2-RF OverviewUsing the MMPI-2-RF in Forensic AssessmentsAdmissibilityDiscussion
MMPI-2-RF Overview338-item version of MMPI-2
Released August, 2008Authors: Ben-Porath & TellegenSubset of MMPI-2 poolNorms based on MMPI-2 sampleMMPI-2 remains available and supported
Shorter instrument more likely to produce valid results in individuals who struggle with 567-item inventoryLess time to interpretMore likely to generate reliable interpretation
Using the MMPI-2-RF in Forensic Assessments
Challenges:Familiarity (Competence)Adversarial system
Familiarity (Competence)
DocumentationManual for Administration, Scoring and InterpretationTechnical Manual
Interpreting the MMPI-2-RFSupport competent use of the test
Familiarity (Competence)
TrainingNational Program of General and Setting-Specific Workshopshttp://psychcorp.pearsonassessments.com/pai/ca/training/workshops/MMPI.htm
Adversarial System
Introduction of a newer version of an existing instrument provides fodder for the cross-examinerCan challenge:
Admissibility (rare)Weight of the evidence (deposition/trial testimony)
Ben-Porath (2012):
Daubert Factors and the MMPI-2-RF
Daubert Factors
Has the technique been tested?
Has it been subjected to peer review?
What is the technique’s known or potential rate of error?
Are there standards controlling the technique’s operation?
Is the technique generally accepted?
Has the technique been tested?
Are empirical data available on the technique?
MMPI-2-RF Technical Manual
Has the technique been tested?
Internal structural analyses:Intercorrelations between 51 MMPI-2-RF Scales
Normative and clinical samplesCorrelations between MMPI-2/MMPI-2-RF
MMPI-2-RF Somatic and Cognitive ScalesMen (n=226) Women (n=336)
Somatic Internalizing
Parental Fitness
JCP SUB AGG ACT FML IPP SAV SHY DSF AES MECMean - Men 57 48 45 46 46 46 51 46 48 43 62Standard Dev 13 8 9 11 9 8 10 9 9 8 9
Mean - Women 54 47 45 48 50 49 52 48 48 46 45Standard Dev 12 9 9 12 11 9 10 9 9 9 8
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JCP SUB AGG ACT FML IPP SAV SHY DSF AES MEC
MMPI-2-RF Externalizing, Interpersonal, and Interest Scales
Men (n=226) Women (n=336)
Externalizing Interpersonal Interest
Parental Fitness
AGGR-r PSYC-r DISC-r NEGE-r INT R-r
Mean - Men 53 49 55 46 50Standard Dev 10 10 10 10 10
Mean - Women 49 50 47 51 51Standard Dev 8 11 9 12 10
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AGGR-r PSYC-r DISC-r NEGE-r INTR-r
MMPI-2-RF Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) ScalesMen (n=226) Women (n=336)
Has the MMPI-2-RF been tested?
Descriptive Data for following settings:Mental HealthMedicalSubstance Abuse TreatmentForensicCorrectionalPersonnel ScreeningNon-Clinical Settings
N=~68,000
Has the MMPI-2-RF subjected to peer review?
As of October 2012, 160+ peer-reviewed papers on MMPI-2-RF
General TopicsValidity ScalesCorrectional SettingsForensic Settings
Criminal DefendantsCivil litigants and disability claimantsChild CustodyParental Fitness
Mental Health SettingsMedical SettingsNon-clinical Settings
The known or potential rate of error of the MMPI-2-RF?
Data on reliability and standard error of measurement of MMPI-2-RF scale scores address this question directly
Available in Technical Manual Chapter 3Normative and Clinical Samples
Classification accuracy statistics (Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive and Negative Predictive Powers)
Available in peer reviewed classification studies (e.g., malingering detection research)
Are there standards controlling the MMPI-2-RF?
Are there standards controlling the MMPI-2-RF?
Yes, and the availability of a standard set of interpretive guidelines enhances cross-interpreter reliabilityA desirable feature of any psychological testParticularly when used in forensic evaluations
Is the MMPI-2-RF Generally Accepted?
Frye TestMMPI-2-RF being used increasingly in:
Forensic (criminal and civil) evaluationsPublic safety personnel screeningMedical evaluationsMental health settings
In many states, case law guides judges to consider “Daubert-like” factors (i.e., scientific validity and reliability)Option: Administer MMPI-2 and score both versions
Indications of MMPI-2-RF Acceptance
MMPI-2-RF interpretive guidelines provided in two leading textbooks:
Graham, J. R. (2012). MMPI-2: Assessing Personality and Psychopathology (5th edition). New York: Oxford University Press.
Greene, R.L. (2011). MMPI-2/MMPI-2-RF: An Interpretive Manual (Third Edition). New York: Allyn & Bacon.
Listed among recommended outcome measures in Traumatic brain injury research complied by Interagency Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Outcome measures Workgroup convened by NIH:
Wilde et al. (2010). Recommendations for the use of Common Outcome Measures in Traumatic Brain Injury Research. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91, 1650-1660.e17.
Listed as recommended measure in guide to establishing a practice on police pre-employment psychological evaluations:
Gallo, F. J., & Halgin, R. P. (2011). A Guide for Establishing aPractice in Police Preemployment Postoffer Psychological Evaluations. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1037/a0022493