1 PHONETICS I Suggested further reading: -Gimson’s Pronunciation of English. London: Edward Arnold. Fifth edition or later. -W. Sobkowiak (2001) English Phonetics for Poles. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Poznańskie. (1) The Speech Chain Speaker >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Acoustic signal >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Listener (production) (perception) linguistic knowledge (lexical representation) neural impulses (instructions to the muscles) articulator movements speech waves (acoustic signal) acoustic wave movements in the auditory periphery nerve impulses lexical access (2) Types of phonetics Articulatory >>>>>>>> Acoustic >>>>>>>>>>>> Auditory (3) ARTICULATORY PHONETICS (4) Organs of speech: - lips: rounded, open, spread; labial - tongue: apex/tip of the tongue, blade, body of the tongue, root/back of the tongue; apical, lingual - teeth: dental - alveolar ridge; alveolar - hard palate; palatal - soft palate/ velum; velar - uvula; uvular - pharynx; pharyngeal - larynx; laryngeal - glottis; glottal - lungs; pulmonic (5) The vocal tract: a) active articulators: lips, tongue tip/blade/body/root, velum, vocal cords ? b) passive articulators (places of articulation): teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate, soft palate, pharynx ? Q: What do we do when we speak? Predictions given the nature of the playground (vocal tract)? Source and Filter:...
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PHONETICS I
Suggested further reading:
-Gimson’s Pronunciation of English. London: Edward Arnold. Fifth edition or later.
-W. Sobkowiak (2001) English Phonetics for Poles. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Poznańskie.
(1) The Speech Chain
Speaker >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Acoustic signal >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Listener
(production) (perception)
linguistic knowledge (lexical representation)
neural impulses (instructions to the muscles)
articulator movements
speech waves (acoustic signal)
acoustic wave
movements in the auditory periphery
nerve impulses
lexical access
(2) Types of phonetics
Articulatory >>>>>>>> Acoustic >>>>>>>>>>>> Auditory
(3) ARTICULATORY PHONETICS
(4) Organs of speech:
- lips: rounded, open, spread; labial
- tongue: apex/tip of the tongue, blade, body of
the tongue, root/back of the tongue; apical,
lingual
- teeth: dental
- alveolar ridge; alveolar
- hard palate; palatal
- soft palate/ velum; velar
- uvula; uvular
- pharynx; pharyngeal
- larynx; laryngeal
- glottis; glottal
- lungs; pulmonic
(5) The vocal tract:
a) active articulators: lips, tongue tip/blade/body/root, velum, vocal cords?
b) passive articulators (places of articulation): teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate, soft palate,
pharynx?
Q: What do we do when we speak? Predictions given the nature of the playground (vocal tract)?
Source and Filter:...
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Consonants CONSONANT CLASSIFICATION (Voice – Place - Manner)
(6) Voice (Source)
Note the scale:
(7) Place (WHERE?)
(8) Place of articulation (English)
bilabial [p, b, m, w], labio-dental [f, v], apico-dental [, ], alveolar [t, d, s, z, n, l],
post-alveolar [, , t, d, r], palatal [j], velar [k, g, ], glottal [h].
(9) Place of articulation (Polish)
bilabial [p, b, m, w], labio-dental [f, v], dental [n, s, z, t, d, ts, dz], alveolar [l],
post-alveolar [r, , , t , d ], palatal? [, j, , , t, d], velar [w, x, k, g]
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(10) Definitions of articulators
(11) Manner of articulation (HOW?)
(12) Manner in terms of type of closure
CLOSED
a. complete – plosives, affricates, and nasals?
b. intermittent – trills/rolls (Polish r), taps (English r)
c. partial – laterals – airstream allowed to escape on one or both sides of the closure
d. narrowing with noise component – fricatives [f, v, , , s, z, , ] e. narrowing without noise component – approximants – the frictionless continuant [r],
as well as [w,j]
f. open – vowels
OPEN
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Vowels
(13) Quadrilateral representation of vowels (articulatory). Cardinal Vowel Diagram (Daniel Jones)
(14) English and (Polish) vowels
(15) English diphthongs
(16) Summary: Articulatory description: a) the action of the vocal folds, b) the position of velum,
c) disposition of various movable organs in the mouth
vowels
fricatives
stops & affricates
- -
raised (oral) manner
air - -
energy larynx velum
lowered (nasal) place
labial dental alveolar palatal velar
()
(i)
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