The Matter of Facts!
Feb 23, 2016
The Matter of Facts!
Matter Anything that has mass and takes up
space.Everything around us is matter!
So what’s the matter?It’s a matter of fact(s)!
Identifying Matter
What’s the matter?
Physical Properties of MatterPhysical properties are characteristics of a substance that can be
observed or measured without changing the substance into something else.
• Color• Hardness• Taste• Length• Width• Height• Weight• Mass• Volume• Density• Ability to conduct heat, electricity, or sound• Ability to become a magnet
Mass – The amount of matter in an object.Scientists use a balance scale to measure mass.
The object’s unknown mass is compared to a known mass.
Mass is recorded in grams or kilograms
Weight – A measure of the pull of gravity on an object.
What are some of the physical properties of these boxes?
Can you find ways to tell these apples apart?
VolumeVolume – The amount of space an object takes up.
Volume = length X width X height
V = l x w x hexpressed in cubic units
Simple enough when it is a box, but what if the solid is irregular?
What if you wanted to know the volume of an apple?
What then?
Volume can be found by measuring
DisplacementMeasurement of the amount of liquid that
a solid displaces.
1cu3=1ml -
You can use a graduated cylinder such as one of these!How you ask?
When using a graduated cylinder to measure, you mustbe careful to measure the bottom of the level of liquid. This
curved look of the liquid is known as the meniscus.
Density Concentration
of Matter in an object
Density equals mass divided by volume
States of Matter
No, not those states, these states…..
3 States or Phases of Matter
Solid:• Has a definite shape• Has a definite volume• Molecules are very close together
Liquid:• Does not have a definite shape (will take the shape of a container)• Has a definite volume• Molecules are a little further apart and vibrate a bit quickly
Gas:• Does not have a definite shape (will take the shape of a container)• Does not have a definite volume • Molecules are very far apart and vibrate very quickly!
The changing of the states or phases of matter
Changes in state are physical. They do not change the substance.
Changes in state are reversible!
•Freezing - liquid to solid
•Melting - solid to liquid
•Boiling - liquid to gas
•Condensation - gas to liquid
•Sublimation - solid to gas
•Evaporation - when particles escape from a nonboiling liquid and become a gas
Melting and Boiling PointsMelting Point & Freezing Point
are the same!
Boiling PointTemperature at which a substance changes
from a liquid to a gas.Water boils at 100C or 212F
Water freezes at 0C or 32F
Conversion of Fahrenheit and Celsius Temperatures
Formula
°C x 9/5 + 32 = °F
(°F - 32) x 5/9 = °C
Solution - Type of mixture in which particles of 2 or more substances are mixed and not easily separated.
MixturesCombination of 2 or more
different kinds of matter thatkeep their own physical
properties and can be easily separated.
Solubility - the ability to be dissolved.Solutions are not easily separated
Sugar is soluble in water.Pepper is not!
Suspension - a mixture of liquids with particles of a solid which may not dissolve in the liquid.The solid may be separated from the liquid by leaving it to stand, or by filtration
Examples: sand in wateroil in water
Chemical Properties of MatterChanges in which one or more new substances
are formed are called chemical changes or reactions.
Marshmallow melting is physical change.
Marshmallow burning is a chemical change
These are examples of chemical change or reactivity because light
or heat or both
are produced.
Sodium + Chlorine = Sodium Chloride (Salt)
Burning Candle
Reactivity - The ability of a substance to react chemically
Clues that identify reactivity or chemical change:
•Change in color•Production of light•Production of heat•Production of a gas
Baking soda + vinegar = gasCarbon dioxide is produced
ReactivityExample!
Burning Candle - heat and light are produced
ReactivityExample!
Iron rusting is an example of chemical reaction or changeA change in color occursIron conducts electricity Rust does not conduct electricityDifferent densitiesDifferent melting points
Chemical Reaction
CombustibilityChemical property of being able to burn.
Flame Test Used to identify
substances based
on the color of the flame they
producewhen burned.
Law of Conservation of MatterMatter is neither created nor destroyed during a
physical or chemical change. The amount of matter is always the same.
The END for now….more madness to come later!