the master and margarita.notebook M&M Chapters 56 1 January 12, 2010 The Master and Margarita Chapters 56 The term, Socialist Realism, probably first occured in print in an article in the Literary Gazette in May 1932. It stated: "The masses demand of an artist honesty, truthfulness, and a revolutionary, socialist realism in the representation of the proletarian revolution." In 1933, Maksim Gorki published an important article, "On Socialist Realism," talking of "a new direction essential to ussocialist realism, which can be created only from the data of socialist experience." This ideology was enforced by the Soviet state as the official standard for art, literature, sculpture, etc. The movement was defined in 1934 at the First AllUnion Congress of Soviet Writers. It was based on the principle that the arts should glorify political and social ideals of Communism. Every artist had to join the "Union of Soviet Artists," which was controlled by the state. Paintings and all other works of art had to be idealizations of political leaders and Communist ideas. Socialist realism held that successful art depicts and glorifies the proletariat's struggle toward socialist progress. The Statute of the Union of Soviet Writers in 1934 stated that Socialist Realism: is the basic method of Soviet literature and literary criticism. It demands of the artist the truthful, historically concrete representation of reality in its revolutionary development. Moreover, the truthfulness and historical concreteness of the artistic representation of reality must be linked with the task of ideological transformation and education of workers in the spirit of socialism. The purpose of Socialist Realism was to elevate the proletariat, the common worker, whether factory or agricultural, by presenting his life, work, and recreation as admirable. In other words, its goal was to educate the people in the goals and meaning of Communism. The ultimate aim was to create what Lenin called "an entirely new type of human being": the New Soviet Man. Stalin described the practitioners of socialist realism as "engineers of souls." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Realism http://members.surfeu.at/horvath/realism.htm Matthew Cullerne Bown: Art under Stalin. Holmes and Meier Publishers, New York, 1991
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the master and margarita.notebook
M&M Chapters 56 1
January 12, 2010
The Master and Margarita
Chapters 56
The term, Socialist Realism, probably first occured in print in an article in the Literary Gazette in May 1932. It stated: "The masses demand of an artist honesty, truthfulness, and a revolutionary, socialist realism in the representation of the proletarian revolution." In 1933, Maksim Gorki published an important article, "On Socialist Realism," talking of "a new direction essential to ussocialist realism, which can be created only from the data of socialist experience."
This ideology was enforced by the Soviet state as the official standard for art, literature, sculpture, etc. The movement was defined in 1934 at the First AllUnion Congress of Soviet Writers. It was based on the principle that the arts should glorify political and social ideals of Communism. Every artist had to join the "Union of Soviet Artists," which was controlled by the state. Paintings and all other works of art had to be idealizations of political leaders and Communist ideas.
Socialist realism held that successful art depicts and glorifies the proletariat's struggle toward socialist progress. The Statute of the Union of Soviet Writers in 1934 stated that Socialist Realism:
is the basic method of Soviet literature and literary criticism. It demands of the artist the truthful, historically concrete representation of reality in its revolutionary development. Moreover, the truthfulness and historical concreteness of the artistic representation of reality must be linked with the task of ideological transformation and education of workers in the spirit of socialism.
The purpose of Socialist Realism was to elevate the proletariat, the common worker, whether factory or agricultural, by presenting his life, work, and recreation as admirable. In other words, its goal was to educate the people in the goals and meaning of Communism. The ultimate aim was to create what Lenin called "an entirely new type of human being": the New Soviet Man. Stalin described the practitioners of socialist realism as "engineers of souls."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Realismhttp://members.surfeu.at/horvath/realism.htmMatthew Cullerne Bown: Art under Stalin. Holmes and Meier Publishers, New York, 1991
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M&M Chapters 56 2
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M&M Chapters 56 3
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(Slogan on painting above says: ‘Our young hearts are beating for our nation'.)
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Boris Eremeevich VLADIMIRSKI: "Miner". Oil on cardboard, 41 x 29 cm, 1929.Boris Eremeevich VLADIMIRSKI: "Female Worker". Oil on cardboard, 41 x 29 cm, 1929.
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Travel Brochures from the 1930s.Published by Intourist.
Magazine "Soviet Travel No. 6, 1932." Published by United Magazines & Newspapers. Moscow U.S.S.R. Advertisement for "Socra Brand" on inside of front cover.
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Find examples of Bulgakov's critique against Socialist Realism on the following pages:
* 46:
* 48:
* 56:
* 60:
Any other examples?
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Chapter VII:What is "normal"?
* 56:
* 58: Ivan is speaking the truth, but he is called "insane."
Woland had been speaking the truth, but he was called "crazy" (34).
Yeshua spoke the truth, but he was called "insane" (23).
QUESTION: What is truth? (cf 17) What is normal? What is insanity? (Recall the list of Primary Themes that we have already listed; this is Theme #3 on that list.)
What happens to the narratology on page 47?
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Tropes we've recently encountered:
• Motifs• Miseenscene: 42• Internal monologue: 35• Simile: 58• Animalization: 58• Satire• Parody • Metaphor: Archibald Archibaldovich = pirate (50, 53)
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