Ch 27: Reproductive Ch 27: Reproductive System System Goals: Goals: 1. 1. Identify the structures of Identify the structures of the male and female the male and female reproductive systems, reproductive systems, including the gross and including the gross and microscopic anatomy of the microscopic anatomy of the organs, structures and organs, structures and accessory glands and their accessory glands and their basic functions. basic functions. 2. 2. Explain meiosis, Explain meiosis, spermatogenesis and spermatogenesis and oogenesis. oogenesis. 3. 3. Discuss the changes that Discuss the changes that occur in the female occur in the female
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1.1. Identify the structures of the male Identify the structures of the male and female reproductive systems, and female reproductive systems, including the gross and including the gross and microscopic anatomy of the microscopic anatomy of the organs, structures and accessory organs, structures and accessory glands and their basic functions.glands and their basic functions.
2.2. Explain meiosis, spermatogenesis Explain meiosis, spermatogenesis and oogenesis.and oogenesis.
3.3. Discuss the changes that occur in Discuss the changes that occur in the female reproductive system the female reproductive system during pregnancy.during pregnancy.
General OrganizationGeneral Organization
GonadsGonads gametes & hormonesgametes & hormones
DuctsDucts transport of . . . ?transport of . . . ?
Maintenance of blood testis barrierMaintenance of blood testis barrierspecial lumen fluid high in sex hormones, Kspecial lumen fluid high in sex hormones, K++ and aa and aa
protection from immune attack (due to sperm specific ag)sperm specific ag)
Suspend spermatids and support and support spermatogenesis and spermiogenesisspermatogenesis and spermiogenesis FSH and Testosterone work via Sertoli cellsFSH and Testosterone work via Sertoli cells
Secretion of inhibin to Secretion of inhibin to slow sperm production
Secretion of androgen-binding Secretion of androgen-binding protein (ABP)protein (ABP)
Anatomy of a SpermatozoonAnatomy of a Spermatozoon
Mature sperm has 3 Mature sperm has 3 portions:portions:
1.1. Head with acrosome Head with acrosome (containing _______ )(containing _______ )
2.2. Middle piece with Middle piece with nucleus and lots of ?nucleus and lots of ?
3) Stores sperm and facilitates 3) Stores sperm and facilitates maturationmaturation
Rete testis and Efferent ductules
Pathway of Sperm
Seminiferous tubules
Rete testis
Epididymis
Vas (ductus) deferens
Ampulla of vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Penile (spongy) urethra
Fig 27.8
Accessory GlandsAccessory Glands
Provide for 95% of the seminal fluidProvide for 95% of the seminal fluid
1) Seminal Vesicles1) Seminal Vesicles Paired, on back wall of urinary bladderPaired, on back wall of urinary bladder Tubular Tubular (~ 15 cm)(~ 15 cm)
Produce 60% of semen, hormones, fructose, Produce 60% of semen, hormones, fructose, etc.etc.
Activate sperm (leading to motility)Activate sperm (leading to motility)
Fig. 27.8
Prostate GlandProstate Gland
20 - 30% of seminal fluid 20 - 30% of seminal fluid
Ejaculation of semen by pelvic floor and penile Ejaculation of semen by pelvic floor and penile muscles (Sympathetic division induces muscles (Sympathetic division induces peristalsis in tract)peristalsis in tract)
Constituents:Constituents:1. sperm - 20 - 100 million sperm/ ml1. sperm - 20 - 100 million sperm/ ml2. seminal fluid - see above glands2. seminal fluid - see above glands3. enzymes - proteases and 3. enzymes - proteases and
seminalplasminseminalplasmin
PenisPenisRootRoot - fixed to ischial ramus - fixed to ischial ramus
BodyBody with with erectile tissueserectile tissues
GlansGlans – enlargement of – enlargement of corpus spongiosumcorpus spongiosumPrepucePrepuce - foreskin – partially - foreskin – partially
covers glans and surrounds covers glans and surrounds external urethral meatus external urethral meatus (may be removed in (may be removed in circumcisioncircumcision))
Preputial glands - produce Preputial glands - produce smegma (supports bacterial smegma (supports bacterial growth, such as growth, such as E. coliE. coli))