1 2006 3 Taiwan: A Radical Quarterly in Social Studies No. 61, March 2006. The Making of Immigrants Movement: Politics of Differences, Subjectivation and Societal Movement by Hsiao-Chuan Hsia Keywords: immigrant, social movement, empowerment, subjectivation, intellectuals 2005 12 14 2006 2 11 . Received: December 14, 2005; in revised form: Februay 11, 2006 116 17 1 email: [email protected]
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2006 3Taiwan: A Radical Quarterly in Social StudiesNo. 61, March 2006.
The Making of Immigrants Movement:Politics of Differences, Subjectivation
and Societal Movement
byHsiao-Chuan Hsia
Keywords: immigrant, social movement, empowerment, subjectivation,intellectuals
2005 12 14 2006 2 11 .Received: December 14, 2005; in revised form: Februay 11, 2006
As a result of their socio-economic and cultural disadvantages, the agencyof the stigmatized “foreign brides” has long been neglected, not to mention thefact that they have been active in the formation of immigrant movement inTaiwan. Crossing theoretical boundaries, this paper aims at critically incorporat-ing research from social movements, feminism, and gender and development, toanalyze the formation of immigrant movement in Taiwan from an “insider” per-spective. Employing Alain Touraine’s concept of “societal movement”, the authoris particularly concerned about “subjectivation” issues, criticizing most socialmovement studies for neglecting the importance of subjectivation process. Thispaper argues that movement is not merely formed by Machiavellian strategies.Rather, the core issues should be subjectivation of participants in the movement,involving delicate interaction between emotion and reason. Moreover, theauthor discusses the positions of intellectuals in the movements, arguing thatintellectuals should see themselves as “conscientious wolfman” rather than theleaders in the movements. With more access to resources, intellectuals involvedin movements should devote themselves to the empowerment of the masses,avoiding the possibilities of making a vital wound to the movements upon theirfuture betrayal.
2
1
2
1.
2.
3
3
6
3.
4
McAdam,
McCarthy Zald 1996
political opportunities,
mobilization structures and framing processes
Charles
Tilly 1978 Doug McAdam 1982 Sidney Tarrow 1983
political process
political opportunity structures
5
meso-level
McCarthy
Zald 1973, 1977
grievance-theory
organizational
dynamics
David Snow
Snow et al., 1986; Snow and Benford, 1988
framing sentiments ideas
2004:162
Snow
Melucci,
1988; Touraine, 1981
McAdam, et al, 1996; Tarrow, 1998
6
David Snow
Snow
micromobilizaiton
McAdam 1996 strategic
framing
2004
2004 176-177
Jasper, 2002
7
Isaac and Christiansen, 2002 2003
structural bias
biographical background
2003:187
recruitment
2003
8
ibid 39
Alain
Tourain Tourain
societal movement
social movement Tourain 2002:198
204
personal subject
historical subject
2002:18
historicity
instruments cultural orientation
investment
9
Touraine, 2002
Touraine
Touraine, 1996:329
2002 subjectivation
Beckford, 1998:99 2002:40
Touraine
Touraine
Touraine, 2002:165-166 Touraine
persons ibid, p. 111-112
Touraine, 2000:306
2002 self
individual subject
10
citizenship identity
politics of identity
politics of recognition Touraine,
1995, 1996 2002
Touraine
meta-social
identity
positioning act
upon oneself, upon society non-social
2002:22-23
Touraine
Touraine
11
malestream
hooks, 1984; Collins, 1990
Mohanty et al, 1991
multi-positionality
Bryan et al., 1985
Ain’t I a woman?
Sojourner Truth
suffrage
Sojourner Truth
Sojourner Truth Sojourner
12
Ain’t I a
woman
Sojourner
Yuval-Davis 1997
advocates
identity politics
Yuval-Davis,
1997
holis-
13
tic Mies, 1986 Yuval-Davis 1997
transversal politics
Yuval-Davis
Women Against Fundamentalism Yuval-Davis
Yuval-Davis
rooting shifting
transversalism
epistemological communities
Yuval-Davis
14
Yuval-
Davis
4
2000
2003
4.
15
5
5.
16
Women in
Development, WID
trickle down WID
1995
1998
WID
Women and
Development, WAD
WID
WAD
WID
Gender and Development, GAD
17
WID WAD
GAD
GAD
GAD
1998
WID
1998 1998
GAD
GAD
1998
GAD empowerment
1998
WID
GAD
18
1998
1998 Maxine Molyneux 1985
strategic gender interest practical
gender interest strategic gender
needs practical gender needs
GABRIELA
1998
GABRIELA
WID WAD GAD
GAD
19
Touraine 2000:300
2000
2005
contentious
collective action
20
Tarrow, 1998:3-5
6
75
6. 2003 12 24
21
7
8
7.
8.
22
9
9.Asia Pacific Mission for Migrants 2005 5 13-15
NGO
23
strategic framing
12 10
24
25
10
Keith Faulks 2003
10.
26
27
Betweenness
2002: 248
migrant workers
28
2003
Paulo Freire 1970
11
11. 2002, 2005 2001
29
2005
12
2005
12.
30
13
13.
31
2005
32
2005
33
2000, 2002
34
2003
2003
2003 1.
2.
3. 4. 5.
2003
2004
35
Touraine
2000
class-in-itself class-for-itself
Tarrow, 1998
36
2002, 2003
Hsia, 2004 1998
Paulo Freire 1970
culture of silence
2003
2003 2003 2003
Freire 1970 dialogue
banking
problem-posing critical awareness
Freire
ideology of acco-
modation culture of silence
Freire 1985: 9
37
Pedagogy of the Oppressed
Augusto Boal 1979 Theater of the Oppressed
spectator
rehearsal for the revolution
2002
2003
2003
sense
of community Touraine
communal subject
38
14
14.
39
40
41
community mothering
42
2002
113
43
113
44
Touraine
45
disruptive
tactics McAdam, 1983 Gamson 1990
force and violence
construc-
tive tactics
46
2005
1937
47
Augusto Boal
Boal
actors
spectors Spec-Actors Boal,
1992:XXX
1 2
3
4 5 6
2002
Freire Boal
Hope Timmel 1984
Training for Transformation
Augusto Boal
48
Luria 1976
Luria
the sociohistorical shaping of mental activity
1992
2004
49
50
51
52
53
patronizing
54
15
15.
55
56
Tarrow, 1998 Touraine 2002
2002
Yuval-Davis, 1997 poli-
57
tics of identity politics of recognition
traditional intellectuals organic intel-
lectuals
58
1997:43
philosopher-kings
1997:45
1997
exile and marginal
91
100
self-appointed
59
Paulo Freire 1970
Freire
re-socialization
Freire rebirth
for and with
1970:43
60
accountable
accountable
61
Cordillera
pains-taking
pains-taking
62
Anne Hope Sally
Timmel 1984
63
64
16
2002 societal
movements Alain Touraine
7-46
1995
203-243
1937
2003
1-49
2004
157-199
16. 2001 2005 20052005
65
2003
4:33-60
2003
2003 2003/4/
25-26
2001
2000
93-151
2005
2005/12/9-10
2003
2005 2005/5/27
2005 2005/8/1
M. Eva M. Rathgeber 1998
WID, WAD, GAD: Trends in Research and Practice
170-190
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194
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