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The Maghreb Chart in the Biblioteca AmbrosianaAuthor(s): J.
Vernet-GinsSource: Imago Mundi, Vol. 16 (1962), pp.
xvi+1-16Published by: Imago Mundi, Ltd.Stable URL:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/1150298Accessed: 16/11/2010 13:59
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The Maghreb Chart in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana
BY J. VERNET-GINE'S, Barcelona
Very few Arabic documents referring to the origin of portolans
and of sea-charts are known. But the fact that such documents are
scarce does not mean that there is no hope of discovering more of
them in the future. It is sufficiently well known that the
manuscript holdings of Arabic libraries, in particular those of the
mosques, still remain practically unexplored; for this reason new
and important texts throwing light on certain points of medieval
Arab civilization1 continue to appear from time to time.
Among the works which have come down to us, the most abundant
documentation is encountered in oriental texts. Information of
positive interest on the compass, on portolans and on sea-charts2
is to be found in them. Such information is, on the other hand,
much scantier in occidental texts.3 Summarizing, we can affirm in
general terms that the Arabs did not know the portolan until the
XVth century, the sea-chart until the XIVth, and the compass until
the XIIIth, since the concrete and concise texts referring to them
and now known to us belong to those dates. In this article we shall
deal incidentally with portolans and particularly with
sea-charts.
Arabic geographical texts provide us with descriptions of the
Arab coasts of the Atlantic and the Medi- terranean. Al-BakrI (d.
1094) presented a fairly exact description of the Atlantic coast of
Morocco in his Kitdb al-mamdlik wa-l-masdlik4; this work however is
not a portolan, because it lacks any indication of rhumbs or
distances, even in those parts which are described in detail, such
as the Straits of Gibraltar. A fragment of a true portolan is found
in the work of al-IdrisI (d. 1166),5 and refers to the coasts
between Oran and Barca. This work has been discussed by Fischer,6
Kretschmer,7 and Motzo.8 Al-Idrisl's notices seem to be derived
from Italian sources, which is by no means surprising, considering
that this Muslim geographer worked at the court of Roger IL of
Sicily, who for a number of years occupied the African coasts
described.9 As early as the XIIIth century we encounter an
indubitable sketch of a Muslim portolan. In the work entitled Kitdb
bast al-ardfi al-tfil wa al-'ard or Kitdb al- Yugrafiya, Ibn Sa'Id
al Magrib! (d. 1276 or 1284) confidently described the coasts of
Morocco, giving brief indications of the rhumbs and distances,
I Cf. J. Sauvaget, "Sur d'anciennes instructions nautiques
arabes pour les mers de l'Inde", Journal Asiatique, 236 (1948),
11-20. I must admit that I do not agree with some of the ideas
contained in this article. 2 Cf. J. Vernet, "Influencias musulmanas
en el origen de la cartograffa nautica", Boletin de la Real
Sociedad Geogrdfica, 89 (1953), 35-62; A. Kammerer, La deicouverte
de la Chine par les Portugais au XVIe siecle et la cartographie des
portulans (Leyden, 1944), 260 pp. 3 Cf. J. Vernet, "Los
conocimientos nduticos de los habitantes del Occidente isldmico",
Revista General de Marina, June 1953. A study of the Islamic
thalassocracy in the Mediterranean can be found in W. Hoenerbach,
"La navegaci6n omeya en el Mediterraneo y sus consecuencias
politico-culturales", Miscelanea de Estudios Arabes y Hebraicos, 2
(1953), 77-98; and, by the same author, The Arab navy in the
Mediterranean in Mu'awiyad times (in Arabic), The Muley el-Hasan
Institute (Tetuan, 1954), 28 pp. 4 Translated into French by de
Slane in Journal Asiatique, 1858-9. 5 Cf. R. Dozy and De Goeje,
Description de l'Afrique et de l'Espagne de l'Edrisi (Leyden,
1866), pp. 102-5, 117-20, 145-55, 159-63 of the translation. 6
Sammlung mittelalterlicher Welt- und Seekarten italienischen
Ursprungs (Venice, 1886), p. 67. 7 Die italienischen Portolane des
Mittelalters. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Kartographie und
Nautik (Berlin, 1909) (=vol. XIII of Ver6ffentlichungen des
Instituts fur Meereskunde und des Geographischen Instituts), p.
176. 8 Il compasso da navigare. Opera italiana della metd del
secolo XIII. Cagliari 1957 (Annali della Facoltd di Lettere e
Filosofia delta Universitd di Cagliari, vol. VIII), pp. xl-xli; I
have not had the opportunity to see Yusuf Kamal's monograph
Hallucina- tions scientifiques, les portulans (Leyden, 1937), 93
pp., 39 plates, nor the volume devoted by the same author to the
portolans in his work Monumenta cartographica Africae et Aegypti
(review in Isis, 30, 1939, 335). Instead, I have consulted fac. 3
of the same volume (comparative index of the toponymy of different
maps), in which the Magreb chart is incidentally dated prior to
1400. 9 On the work of this geographer see Leo Bagrow, Die
Geschichte der Kartographie (Berlin, 1951), pp. 37-46.
1
-
The Maghreb Chart. DIMENSIONS: 23,5 X 16 CMS. ANONYMOUS.
BEGINNING OF XIV CENTURY.
(Preserved in the Bibliotheca Almbrosiana, Mi/ano)
-
expressed in miles, between the various ports. 10 The same book
- which constitutes a general geography - treats of the Spanish
coasts of the Bay of Biscay, and here it is evident that for the
Atlantic coasts the author did not depend on Italian or Catalan
sources, but in all probability gathered the details of his
information from Castilian or Basque mariners.1 1. We do not
believe that Ibn Sa'Id's informant was an Arab, because the naval
power of the Muslim world was at that time in a state of complete
decline: the Almohad navy was merely a shadow of what it had been
in the XIth century'2 and the Beni Merin navy was yet unborn.
Moreover, it is quite logical to presume that the description of
the Cantabrian coasts was provided by the peoples who had inhabited
them since the time when their commercial interests extended from
the south coast of Great Britain to the north coasts of Africa.
These littoral peoples naturally disposed of detailed descriptions
of the coasts frequented by them13: it would be wrong to assume
that no descriptions of the Atlantic coasts had existed until
Italian sea-farers reached them, or that portolans of the Red Sea
were first produced on the advent of the Portuguese14: as a rule,
practical knowledge is transmitted with great rapidity, and we
suppose - with some reason - that Atlantic mariners had
navigational means of their own prior to the appearance of Italians
on their coasts in 1277, the date which marks the inclusion of the
Atlantic and Mediterranean worlds in a single economic and maritime
sphere. 15 Until this date, it probably was the Basques who
monopolised the trade of Muslim Spain and Morocco with northern
Europe. This is the view of Lacour-Gayet (II, 267): "Des marins de
Santander, Castro Urdiales, Loreda (sic) et San Vicente de la
Barqueira introduisent des tissus flamands jusque dans la Peninsule
Iberique. En 1253 on trouve au Portugal des etoffes de Gand, Ypres,
Dixmunde, Lille, Saint-Omer, Arras, Valenciennes, Tournai, Douai,
Cambrai, Bailleul, Poperinghe et Langemark. En 1268 c'est une
ordonnance du roi de Castille qui mentionne tous les produits
drapiers des centres industriels du nord. A la fin du XIIIe siecle,
ils arrivent jusqu'a' Tortose. Un role gascon de 1295 fait
entrevoir des periples plus hardis encore, en relatant l'aventure
de ce bateau, la Sainte-Marie de Bayonne, qui venait se charger en
Afrique de paniers de raisin de Malaga et de figues, pour les
transporter vers l'Angleterre, en suivant les cotes du
Portugal."'6
These indirect references, suggesting the existence of a
Cantabrian, and even an Arabic, nautical carto- graphy, have not
hitherto been corroborated by any sensational discoveries of
sea-charts or ruthers per- taining to either of the two schools we
are concerned with here. We give below a list of the nautical
charts known to us, confining ourselves to Arabic examples and
excluding Turkish charts (except that of Piri Re'is) and Italian
and Catalan charts, whose toponymy was transcribed into Arabic in
the Renaissance period. 1. Magreb Chart. Anonymous sea-chart
preserved in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan. Date: beginning of
XIVth century. Dimensions: 23,5 x 16 cm. Bibliography: Fischer,
Sammlung..., pp. 219-45; Miller, Mappae arabicae (Stuttgart,
1926-31), vol. V, p. 173; Sarton, Introduction to the History of
Science, vol. II (Baltimore, 1953), p. 1049. 10 Cf. J. Vernet
"Marruecos en la Geografia de Ibn Sa'Id al-Magribl", Tamuda, 1
(1953), 245-63, in which I give a descrip- tion of the coasts of
Morocco. 11 Cf. J. Vernet, "Los conocimientos ..". 12 Records of
the activity of the Arab fleet of the Cordoba caliphate in
Cantabrian waters are available: thus, in the Carlo- vingian epoch
Muslim vessels ransacked its coasts (cited from Lacour-Gayet,
Histoire du commerce, Paris, 1950-1953, vol. II, p. 214, who refers
to the Vita Sancti Philiberti as the source of his information).
Later, the Andalusian fleet helped Almanzor in the conquest of
Santiago de Compostela and later still, during Alphonso VII's
minority, it raided the coasts of Galicia. 13 Cf. Motzo, II
compasso..., pp. xxxiv, xxxix, lxxiii, civ; I. Renouard: "Les voies
de communication entre pays de la Medi- terran&e et pays de
l'Atlantique au Moyen Age. Probl&mes et hypotheses", Melanges
Louis Halphen (1951), 587-94; idem, "Les hommes d'affaires italiens
a la Rochelle au Moyen Age", Studi in onore di Armando Sapori, 1
(1957), 401-46. 14 Cf. L. Carrington Goodrich, "The connection
between the nautical charts of the Arabs and those of the Chinese
before the days of the Portuguese navigators?", Isis, 44 (1953),
99-100. 15 Cf. Lacour-Gayet, Histoire..., vol. II, 340-1. The date
1277 agrees with the statement made by Ibn Sa'Id, that in his day
the goods transported from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean
followed a land route, which crossed the south of France and
stretched from Toulouse to Narbonne, whence it continued by sea to
Alexandria. See also S. D. Goitein, "From the Mediter- ranean to
India: documents on the trade to India, South Arabia and East
Africa from the eleventh and twelfth centuries", Speculum, vol. 29,
No. 2 (1954), 181-97. 16 Some information on navigation in
Cantabrian waters prior to the XIIIth century is found in C. E.
Dubler, "Los caminos a Compostela en la obra de Idris!",
Al-Andalus, 14 (1949), 59-122 (cf. especially pp. 99 and 103-11);
idem, "Ueber das Wirtschaftsleben auf der Iberischen Halbinsel vom
XI. zum XIII. Jahrhundert", Romanica Helvetica, 22 (1943), XVI 186
pp. See especially pp. 116 ff.
2
-
2. Sea-chart by Ibrahim al-Mursi. Preserved in the Naval Museum,
Istanbul. Date: 865/1461. Dimensions. 89 x 53 cm.
Bibliography: Ettore Rossi, "Una carta nautica araba inedita di
Ibrdhim al-Mursi", Congr~s International de geographie, le Caire...
1925. Compte vendu, vol. V (1926), pp. 90-95, with an illegible
photographic reproduction. 3. Sea-chart by Piri Re'is. Preserved in
the Serail Palace Museum (Topkapi). Date: 919/1513. Dimensions: 90
x 65 cm.
This is a Turkish map, in which the coasts of America appear for
the first time. It is included here on account of its author's
importance, and subsequent influence, in Arabic cartography.
Bibliography: Paul Kahle, Die verschollene Columbus-Karte von 1498
in einer turkischen Weltkarte von 1513 (Berlin-Leipzig, 1933), 52
pp. + 9 facsimiles; idem, "Piri Re'is, der tfirkische Seemann und
Kartograph", Wissenschaftliche Annalen, vol. 5, no. 11 (1956), pp.
862-72; Idem, "Huellas de un mapa perdido de Colon", Vida Maritima,
32, nos. 992-993 (1933); Afetinan, The oldest map of America drawn
by Piri Reis, Turk tarih kurumu basimevi, (Ankara, 1954), 64 pp.;
L. Bagrow, Geschichte der Kartographie, p. 87. The remaining
bibliography referring to this subject will be found in the works
cited. 4. Sea-chart by Muhammad b. Muhammad al-Sarafi al-Safaqflsi.
Preserved in the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, MS arabe 2278.
Date: 958/1551. Dimensions: 25 x 20 cm.
Contains various maps, an enumeration of which is given in De
Slane's Catalogue. Bibliography: Miller, Mappae arabicae, vol. V,
pp. 175-7; I, facs. 2, p. 52; Nallino, "Un mappamondo arabo
disegnato nel 1579 da 'Ali ibn Ahmad al-Sharf! di Sfax", Bolletino
delta Reale Societa Geografica Italiana, 5 (1916), 721-36
(reprinted in Raccolta di scritti... Carlo Alfonso Nallino, vol. V
(Rome, 1944), pp. 533-48). 5. Sea-chart by 'Ali b. Ahmad b.
Muhammad al-Sarafl. This map was in the possession of the
bookseller Alessandro Castagnari and was purchased by the Italian
Ministry of Colonies in 1916-17. Date: 987/1579. Dimensions: 135 x
59 cm.
A sea-chart produced by combining Idrisi's map with a Catalan
portolan. Bibliography: the same as for the preceding item.
6. Uri's old catalogue of the Bodleian Library at Oxford cites a
work produced in 979/1571 which may perhaps be related to No. 4.
Bibliography: Miller, loc. cit.; Nallino, loc. cit.; J. Uri,
Catalogus codicum mss. Bibliothecae Bodleyanae (Oxonii, 1787), vol.
I, p. 935.
7. Sea-chart by Muhammad b. 'Ali b. Ahmad al-Sarafi. Preserved
in the Bibliotheque Nationale, Pads, Res. Ge. C. 5089. Date:
1009/1601. Dimensions: (725 + 645) x 485 mm.
As Nordenskidld's reproduction shows, this consists of two
parts, which match fairly well although they are not exactly in the
same style. The dimensions in length (725 and 645 mm) correspond to
those of each part separately.
Bibliography: Miller, loc. cit.; Nallino, loc. cit.; A. E.
Nordenskiold, Periplus: an essay on the early history of charts and
sailing-directions (Stockholm, 1897), pp. 66-7, 69.
The Magreb Chart is drawn on paper. The ink employed is black,
with the exception of the more important names, which are written
in red ink. It represents the coasts comprised between 330 and 550
N and from 100 W to 110 E. It lacks any wind-roses, banners,
perspective views of cities, and cartouches, unless the frames
containing the scale of leagues are considered as such.
The date of its composition cannot be established from
palaeographical criteria, considering that very little, if any,
evolution in the Magreb cursive script took place during the XILIth
and XIVth centuries. Of more significance in this respect is the
relative density of place-names on the coasts of England and
Ireland - remote localities, which were being discovered by
southern navigators in the course of these centuries. A comparison
of the number of these names with that of the names in other maps,
listed by E. T. Hamy,17 yields the following result:
17 "Origines de la cartographic de l'Europe septentrionale" (=
pp. 1-94 of his Etudes historiques et geFographiques). See also the
lists of place-names given by Nordenskidld, Periplus..., pp. 25
44.
3
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MAP NUMBER OF PLACE-NAMES
Ireland Great Britain
Pisana 0 5 Vesconte (1318) 0 37 Magreb 4 18 Tammar-Luxoro 33 61
Dulcert (1339) 51 81 Genoese (1351) 55 63 Catalan (1375) 67 80
If this comparison is extended to the Atlantic coasts of Europe
in the Magreb Chart and the Tammar- Luxoro Atlas, the result is as
follows:
MAGREB MAP TAMMAR-LUXORO
Gibraltar-St. Jean de Luz 44 96 St. Jean de Luz-Ribes 53 84
This suggests that, in view of its meagre toponymy, the Magreb
Chart is contemporary with the Tammar- Luxoro and Vesconte atlases
and somewhat earlier than that of Dulcert (1339).18
The magnificent drawing of the French, Belgian, and Dutch
coasts, besides the argument adduced a few lines below, makes it
impossible to agree that this chart, as some authors suppose, 19
belongs to the end of the XIIth century. Moreover, the
identification of name no. 79, Birb-ira, with Bermeo, proposed by
Fischer, is not clear. It might equally well be identified with
Bilbao, and, if so, we could conclude that the chart was drawn
about 1330, because this fortress was founded in 1300 and some time
would naturally elapse from the date of its foundation until it
became important enough to become known to mariners.
We believe that Italians and Catalans had little to do with the
drawing of the Atlantic coasts on this chart, although we suppose
that the Magreb chart constitutes the only known example of a
series of sea- charts of the Atlantic, now lost. Italian and
Catalan influence is certainly evident in its toponymy, but it is
no less certain that many of the names cannot be explained with the
aid of either of these languages: Arabised words are abundant,
either turned into Arabic or derived from an unknown source, as we
shall see in examining the toponymy.
The place where the chart was drawn is very difficult to
determine precisely, but it was doubtless produced in the Islamic
West, either in the Kingdom of Granada or in Morocco, which both
enjoyed their commercial apogee at the beginning of the XIVth
century.
We have said above that there are no wind-roses on this chart.
The rhumbs are however indicated in the margin of the frame with
the following names: simdl = N; barrdna = NE; masriq = E; S'aliq =
SE; yanfib = S; labaj = SW; (ma)grib = W. The name of NW is quite
illegible.
A few points are indicated along the coasts, especially in the
estuaries of the Schelde and Garonne, and there are numerous
crosses marking real or imaginary reefs.20 The small islands have a
tendency to adopt geometrical figures (e.g. the Frisian Isles, the
Isle of Man, Alboran, the Columbretes) and are filled with ink. The
few exceptions to this rule are Majorca, Sardinia, and Corsica.
The scale or log of leagues is given in the NE and SE corners of
the chart with the following legend: Hdiihi al-amydl kull bayt
bi-mi'a. Of this Nordenskidld says:
"To the distance-scale of the Arabian portolano preserved in
Ambrosiana, is affixed a legend, which according to Th. Fischer...
means: This the miles, every house 100. By measuring on the map, it
can easily
18 Motzo, II compasso..., p. lxxi, in which he refers to this
method for the dating of maps. 19 Cf. Fischer, Sammlung..., pp.
219-20. 20 Cf. Motzo, II compasso..., p. lxiv, footnote.
4
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be shown that this scale is an ordinary portolanscale. Since
each 'house' (double division) of this scale con- sists of twenty
portolan-miles, the mile of the Arabian maps-draughtsman must have
equalled 0.2 p.m. = 1.16 kilometres."21
The scale of reduction is approximately 1: 12,500,000 and the
average magnetic declination, according to the parallel
Tarifa-Alboran-Chelif, is about 60.22
TOPONYMY
In the list of place-names which follows, we give: a) the
place-names as they appear in the Magreb chart, transcribed
according to the rules of the Spanish school of arabists, in which
the letters of the Arabic alphabet have the following equivalents:
'btt1hjddrzssbsdtz'gfqklmnhwy; b) between brackets, an indication
of the origin of the word: a - indicates that the word is Arabic or
arabised; i - that it derives from Italian; c - from Catalan; v -
that it cannot be explained by any of the three mentioned
languages. If more than one letter is given in the brackets, it
means that the word can be explained from several languages; c) an
enumeration of the variants of the name in question, as listed by
Kretschmer in Por- tolane...; d) observations and quotations from
other sources (almost always al-Idris!); and e) the modern
identification.
Of the place-names (218) which figure on the European coasts -
we dispense with those on the coasts of Africa, because they are
all of Arab or Berber origin - there remain 16 of doubtful
reading.23 Of the remaining 202 place-names, 48 may be considered
as of Arab origin or arabised,24 and the identification of 16 is
doubtful.25
A series of technical words, typical of such works, are also
found in the chart and normally their deri- vation. Thus: 1.
Arabisms: yawn = gulf (nos. 9, 21, 30, 46, 57, 61, 68, 71, 84,
101); fazfra = island (no. 5); marsd
port (no. 45) ras, tarf = cape (nos. 58, 165; 108, 129, 132,
137). 2. Catalanisms: qdb = cape (nos. 42, 55, 66, 147, 173, 174,
210); burt = port (nos. 49, 86, 96, 158,
194, 202, 207); sa, sdnt = saint (nos. 10, 159; 8, 9, 52, 56).
3. Italianisms: da = of (preposition, no. 210); co = cape
(Genoisms, cf. Motzo, II compasso..., p. 63;
nos. 50, 91). 4. Hispanisms: qabii26 = cape (no. 69); d of
(preposition, nos. 10, 12, 75, 86, 96, 114, 173, 174);
sant, san = saint (nos. 54, 64, 77, 111). This last name is in
our opinion of the greatest importance in relating the Magreb chart
with a local
school of Spanish cartography: the letter Sin is actually a
characteristic Mozarabic and Castilian tran- scription of the roman
letter s.27 This articulation was still preserved in the XIIIth
century, since donia Blanca, mother of St. Louis of France and
daughter of Alphonso VIII - the first Castilian monarch to use on a
large scale the war fleet of the Bay of Biscay - pronounced s as x
(= s) as the following satirical verses by the minstrel Gontier de
Soignies show:
Li xours commence xordement, xors est li siecles devenus, Et
xors en sont toutes les gens; Xors est li siecles et perdus. Qui de
l'altrui vuet mais noient Moult ordement est respondus Et
malvesties le mont pourceint,
21 Cf. Periplus..., p. 22; for a general criticism of the
results arrived at by Nordenskiold see Salvador Garcia Franco, La
legua ndutica en la Edad Media (Instituto Hist6rico de Marina,
Madrid, 1957), pp. 188-95. 22 Cf. J. M. Martinez-Hidalgo Teran,
Historia y leyenda de la aguja manetica (Barcelona, 1946). 23 Nos.
1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 13, 15, 17, 18, 23, 83, 93, 112, 162, 177, 179. 24
Nos. 33, 40, 51, 84, 88, 106, 107. 108, 109, 113, 115-139; 143-146;
148, 151, 152, 153, 157, 161, 164, 165, 176. 25 Nos. 27, 37, 53,
58, 60, 63, 69, 89, 94, 95, 97, 99, 102, 105, 178, 181. 26 On the
Italian forms of this place-name cf. Motzo, II compasso, pp. xxiii,
xxxiv, li. 27 Cf. Simonet, Glosario de voces ibericas y latinas
usadas entre los mozdrabes (Madrid, 1888), pp. 582-583 and clxxxii;
Menendez Pidal, Manual de gramatica historica espaniola (Madrid,
1941), p. 119.
5
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Que les barons fet xors et nus. "Chanteis, vos qui vents de
xort, "La xorderie par lou xort"28 * . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
Because or the special contexture of Arabic, the short vowels
are seldom written. For this reason in our transcription only the
long vowels (d, I, fi) are certain, or those (indicated in italics)
which were noted by the author, though not long. Auxiliary reading
signs are almost completely lacking in our map (therefore we write
Inkiltira and not Inkiltirra), except the sukuns29 standing in a
final position.
The abbreviations used here are those given by Kretschmer in
Portolane:
L = Tammar-Luxoro Atlas (XIVth cent.) Par. = Chart of Bartolomeo
Pareto (1455) Vesc. = Charts of Petrus Vesconte (1311-1320) Marc. =
portolan fragment of Biblioteca Marciana Med. = Medici Atlas (1351)
(XIIIth cent.) K. = Catalan Atlas (1375) V. = portolan of Pietro de
Versi (1445) G. = Charts of Giroldi (1422-1446) S. = portolan of
Marino Sanudo (1311-1320) J. = Chart of Museum fur Meereskunde,
Berlin (ca. 1453) P. = Parma portolan (1430) Ben. = Charts of
Grazioso and Andrea Benincasa (1461-1490) Ma. = Magliabecchi XII
portolan, 88 (XVth cent.) Bi. = Atlas of Andrea Bianco (1436) Mb. =
Magliabecchi XIII portolan, 72,1 (XVth cent.) Pin. = Pinelli Atlas
(ca. 1384) Bp. = portolan of Grazioso Benincasa Dal. = Charts of
Dalorto-Dulcert (1325-1339) Rz. = Rizo portolan (XVth cent.)
A) Ireland 1. Istan fiirda (i, c). - Estanforda, Ben; Stanforda,
L.K.G.Med. Pin; Stanford, Rz 13. - Doubtful
reading. - = Strangford Lough. 2. Diirasii (i). - Darche, Dal.
K. Ben; Dondazo, L.; Darchem, G. - Doubtful reading. - Dundalk. 3.
D-anblim (i, c). - Donuelim, Med. K.Rz 14.; Domuelim, L.; Donuelim,
G.; Dumuelim, Vesc.;
Doniuelim, Ben. - Doubtful reading. - = Dublin. 4. Qatarub (v).
- Gataforda, L.K.G.Ben.; Gitaforda, Med.; Gitaforda, Vesc.;
Chataforda, Bi.; Gato-
forda, Pin.; Gateforda, Rz. 12. - The last syllable is certain,
and it is therefore difficult to accept the correction Qatafuar
proposed by Fischer. - = Waterford.
B) England 5. Yazirat Inkiltira = Isle of England. 6. Barwiki
(v). - Berioc, L.; Beruhic, K.; Beroch, G.; Boruchic, Ben. Berixe,
Bi. - Doubtful reading. -
= Berwick. 7. Ulf (i,c). - Ullo, L. Vesc. K.G.Ben.; Uullo, Pin.
- = Hull. 8. Sabinarqui (v). - G. de Sanbettor, Ben.; Sanbitor, L.;
San Betorf, K.; Gulffo d'Sanbetor, Vesc.;
Sanuetor, Bi.; Sco. Bitor, G. Pin. - = Gulf of Boston (?) 9.
Yawn (a) Sabinarqui (v). - = Gulf of Boston.
10. Sant de Yarnitmuwa (v). - Jarnennia, L.; Jarnemue, Vesc.;
Laramua.G.; Jaremua, Pin.; Gaxdamua, Bi. - Yarmouth.
11. Yarn!... Difficult reading and the end of the word
illegible. The first letter might as well be a b. 12. De
qisalisiyfin (v). - Guinsalexeo, K.; Gisalexio, L.; Gixalexeo, G.;
Ginsalexio, Vesc. Ben.; Ginga-
laxeo, Bi.; Insalaxeu, V 52.; Giuzan, V 53.; Vincilixeo, Rz
6.19. - = Winchelsea. 13. Ratni... Illegible. 14. Barmuyya (v). -
Portamua, L.G.K.Vesc.Bi.Ben. - = Portsmouth. 15. Qatris... -
Patristol, G. Ben.; Patristo, Med.; Patisto, L.; Patris, K.;
Patustol, Rz 16. - Failing to
make out the entire name, I give here Fischer's identification.
- = Padstow.
28 I am indebted for this quotation to my friend and colleague
Prof. Martin de Riquer. I cite it from Histoire litturaire de la
France, vol. XXIII (Paris, 1895), p. 604. For a complete edition of
this poem see Carla Cremonesi, Lirica francese del Medio Evo
(Milan, 1955), pp. 142-4. 29 sukun is a sign indicating that the
relevant consonant lacks a vowel.
6
-
16. Brl'st (i,c). - Bristo, L.K.Pin.Rz 16.; Brissto,, G.;
Bristoll, Bi.; Bristol, Ben. - = Bristol. 17. Inkiltira (?) In the
middle of the island, beside number 16. Very doubtful reading. 18.
Illegible. 19. Mirfurt (v). - Mirafora, K.Ben. Rz 6.; Miforde, L.;
Mirafiurda, V 48.; Milefora, Med.; Mirafronda,
G. - = Milford. 20. Birqalis (i,c). - Virgalles K. Ben.;
Uirgalles, G.; Gales, L.; Galles, Med.; Gaules, Pin.; Gaulles,
V 48. - = South Wales. 21. Yawn (a) birqaliz (i,c). - The final
z might well be an s. - Gulf of South Wales (Yales) 22. N-arqalis
(i,c). - Norgalles, K.G.Ben.; Norgales,L.; Noegalles, Med. = North
Wales. 23. Dinfris (i). - Donfres, Med. G. Ben.; Donfret, Pin. -
Very uncertain reading. - = Dumfries.
C) The Netherlands 24. Ribs (i,c). - Ripis, Dal. Ben.; Ripiss,
K.; Ripa, Adam. - = Ribe. 25. Ifrinyiya (v). - Frixia, Dal. Ben.
Pin.; Flislanda, Vesc.; Firlanda, Pin. - = North Friesland. 26.
Ulanda (i,c). - Holanda, L.; Hollanda, G.; Olanda, Pin.; Ollanda,
Vesc. Dal. K. Ben. - = Holland. 27. Bjwant (v). - Fischer proposes
to correct this name to Masdib (which is however impossible on
account
of the consonantal ductus), and then identifies this name with
Marsdiep. 28. Iskalls (v). - Schalingue, Ben.; Scalingue, Dal. K. -
= Callantsoog? Terschelling? 29. U~trik (i). - Utrek, L.; Utres,
G.; Utrech, Dal. Ben.; Uressa, Bi. - = Utrecht. 30. Yawn (a) Utrik
(i) = Gulf of Utrecht. 31. Istaltiqra (v) This consonantal ductus
is certain. Nevertheless, if a small error of reading is
admitted,
it might be transformed into Iskaltamuwa = Mouth of the Schelde.
32. Dfiridtir (v). - Dodret, L.; Dordret, G.K.; Dordet, Vesc. Dal.;
Dordrech, Ben.; Durdrech, Bi. -
Dordrecht. 33. Yawn al-y'azr (a) = Gulf of the reflux. Probably
one of the mouths of the Zwyn. 34. Ulanra. - Should probably be
corrected to Zuilanda (i). - Zelanda, L.; Solanda, Ben.; Sallanda,
G.K.;
Salanda, Pin. - Zeeland. 35. Iflanda (v) Flanders. 36. Bruy'as
(i,c). - Bruces, L.; Bruzes, G.Bi.; Brozes, Pin.; Bruges, Vesc. K.
Ben. - = Bruges. 37. Yanqatuya (v). - Santa Catarina, L. G.; Sta.
Catalina, Vesc. Ben.; San Chatarina, V 38.; Santa
Chatarina, Rz 28. -
D) France 38. Qalis (i,c). - Cales, P 1. Ma. Vesc. Pin. Bi.;
Chalse, P 1.; Calles, Dal. K.; Chales, Ma. V 38, Ben.;
Calexe, L.; Callex, G.; Challes, Rz 29. - = Calais. 39. Bululba
(v). - Bologna, P 9. Ben. Rz 29.; Bollogna, Dal.; Bellogna, G. K.;
Bolonia, Pin. Benlonga,
L.; Bolena, Bi.; Bilognia, Ma.; Belogna, Vesc. - = Boulogne. 40.
Yawn al-anhar (a) = Gulf of the rivers which Fischer identifies
with the mouths of the Somme. 41. Diyaba (i,c). - Diepa, L. Vesc.
K. Dal. P 1, Ma. G. Pin. Rz 30. V 35.; Depa, Ben. - Dieppe. 42. Qab
Ruwam = Cape of Rouen. 43. Ruwam (i,c). - Roam, L. G. K. Rz 31.;
Roan, Pin.; Ruam, Dal. - = Rouen. 44. Barns (i,c). - Pariss, K.Bi.;
Parixi, L.; Parixius, Dal.; Parigius, Ben.; Parissius, Vesc.;
Paris, Rz 30.
Pin. - = Paris. 45. Marsa (a) Barls (i,c). - Port of Paris. 46.
Yawn (a) Kam (i,c). - = Gulf of Caen. 47. Kam (i,c). - Cam, Vesc.
Dal. K. G. Pin.; Cham, Ben, Rz 31.; Can, Bi. - = Caen. 48. Araf
iffit (v). - Barafret, P 1.; Uoraflet, P 224; Barafrette, V 34;
Barrafiet, Ma.; Baiaflet, L.; Baiafret,
Ben. - The reading of the first word with a b, i.e. Barai,
proposed by Fischer, is very probable. It might also be
substituted, perhaps with better reason, by a w. - Point of
Barfleur.
-
49. Karb burt (i,c). - Cheriborg, Dal. K. Ben.; Ciriburg, L.;
Chiriburg, G.; Ceriborg, Vesc.; Ciriborg, Pin.; Zeriborg, Rz 31;
Ziraborg, Rz 32. - = Cherbourg.
50. Qalawuh (v). - Cauo dellagha, P 11; Cur de Laga, K.; C. de
Laga, Ben.; Codelaga, L.G.; Cor de Laga, Vesc.; Chauo de la grua, V
33; Porto Laaga, V 34; Ch. de Gordlaga, Rz 32. - = Cape of the
Hague.
51. Yawn (a). - Cf. No. 52. 52. Samalfi (i,c). - Golfo de Sa
Malo, K. Ben.; G. de Samallo, L.; G. de san Maio, Pin.; Gulfo
d'san
Mallo, Vesc. - Although written on different lines, Nos. 51 and
52 should be read together. - = Gulf of St. Malo.
53. Satr yaltis (v). - Fischer proposes to correct the first
word to Sat-i which would change the meaning to Santo. = St.
Cast?
54. San brI... (v). - Rasanbriach, K.; Raxenbriach, Dal.;
Rasembriach, Ben.; Rasinbria, Vesc.; Rassain- briaco, G.;
Rasanbriac, Pin.; S. Briat, Bi. - = Raz St. Brieuc.
55. Qdb Milyadn (i,c,v). - Meliana, L.K.Dal.Pin.; Mirouna, P
233; Meruana, V 43; Melliana, G. - Reef of Meloine.
56. Samiya (i). - San Mae, Vesc. K. Dal.; Samaer, L.; Samael, G.
Rz 35; Samaet, Pin.; Samaello P, 14; Samae, Ben. - = Point of St.
Mathieu.
57. Yawn (a) Britdniya (v) = Gulf of Brittany. 58. Ra's
Britdniya (v) - Cape of Brittany. - Fischer believes that the
writing of the second word has
been altered and that it should be Funtdniya, in which case the
identification with the Point of Raz (la Pointe du Raz) would be
certain (Cauo de Fontanao, Dal. K. P 15. Ma.; Rais de Fontaneo, Rz
35; Fontana, Ben.; Fontaneo, L.G. V. 29. Pin.).
59. Lfidiyarn (v). - Odierna, Dal. K. Bi. Ben. Pin.; Odemira,
L.G.; = Audierne. 60. Iqlaman (v). - Fischer identifies it with the
Point of Penmarch (la Pointe de Penmarche). 61. Yawn (a) Nantis
(i,c) = Gulf of Nantes. 62. Nantis (i,c). - Nantes, L. Vesc. Dal.
K. G. Bi. Ben. Pin. Rz 39. - = Nantes. 63. Wad wabdil (v). -
Fischer discusses this name and presumes it should be Narmtstil,
which he identifies
with Noirmoutier. 64. San Sabastiyan (v). - Fischer believes
that there is a copyist's error in the location of this name.
He
suggests Bali SankIli, which he identifies with St. Gilles. 65.
Liyuint (v). - Fischer thinks that this name should be identified
with Pointe le Plomb. It is quite pro-
bable that it may be so. 66. Qab Rukila = Cape of La Rochelle.
67. Rukila (i,c). - Rocella, L. Vesc. Dal. K. Ben.; Rocela, Bi.;
Loricela, Pin.; Orizella, G. - = La Ro-
chelle. 68. Yawn (a) Rukila (i,c) = Gulf of La Rochelle. 69.
Qabua lanar (v). - Fischer thinks that it should be corrected to
Mamulsan and identifies it with Pertuis
de Maumusson. 70. Burkui (i,c). - Bargo. K.; Burgo, Dal.; Burg,
L.G.; Borgo, Pin. - = Bourg sur Gironde. 71. Yawn (a) Burdil (i).
72. Burdil (i). - Bordella, L. Vesc.; Bordeus, Dal. K. Ben.;
Bordela, Pin.; Bordel, V 28; Bordeho, G.;
Buxdell, Bi.; Bordeos, Rz 43.; Bordeo, P 18. - The initial b is
clearly separated from the r which follows it. Perhaps a w has got
lost and then it should be read Bdrdil. - = Bordeaux.
73. Y aluinda (i,c). - Garona, K.; Gironda, Dal.; Zironda, Bi. -
-Garonne. 74. Arkuin (i,c). - Arcaxo, L.; Archixon, Dal. K.;
Archassion, V 28; Arcassom, G.; Archaxon, Bi.;
Archaxom, Ben.; Archaxona, Rz. 43; Charchascion, P 19;
Charchasion, Ma. - Probably it should be read as proposed by
Fischer, Arkavsun. - = Arcachon.
75. Yuna de Qaskfiniya (v) = Bayonne. (The initial b was
possibly omitted by the copyist.) 76. Bayuina (i,v). - Baona de
Gascogna, K.; Baiona de Gascogna, Dal.; Uascogna, L. G.;
Guasscogna,
Pin. Ben.; Baiona, Bi.; Bayona, V 27; Bocha di Baiona, P 19. -
=Bayonne.
8
-
E) Iberian Peninsula
77. San gibastiyan (v). - San Sebastiam, L. Ben.; S. Sebastia,
K.; S. Sebastian, Bi. G. Rz 44; S. Sebastiano, P. 21; Sanbastiano,
Ma. - = San Sebastia'n.
78. Qatarl (v). - Cataria, K.G.; Cutaria, L.; Chitaria, P 21;
Chataria, Rz 44; Gattaria, Ben. - = Guetaria. 79. Birb-ard (v). -
Bermeo, L. Rz 44; Bremeo, K. Ben.; Bermeho, G.; Uermes, Bi. - =
Bermeo, which is
the identification proposed by Fischer. Notwithstanding, we
believe that it might refer to Bilbao (Bilbao, Ben. Rz 45; Birbao,
K.; Uiluaho, G.; Bilbau, Bi.).
80. Qastra (v). - Cf. No. 81. 81. Urdiyalis (v). - Castro,
L.K.G. Ben. Rz 45. - Forms one single name with the preceding
number, in
spite of these two being written in the Magreb chart on two
different lines. - = Castro Urdiales. 82. Larld (v). - Laredo, K.;
Loredo, L.G.Rz 46; Lareto, P 23; Laredo, Bi. - = Laredo. 83. Sds...
driya (v). - Santander, L. P 24; Santo Ander, K. Bi.; Chauo san
ander, V 27; Sancto Ander,
Vesc. Rz 46. G. - As the reading is incomplete, it might as
easily refer to Santander as to the river Sindriya cited by Dubler:
"Los caminos a Compostela en la obra de IdrisI," Al-Andalus, 14
(1949), 110.
84. Yawn (a) al-Awdiya (a). - Gulf of the rivers. - Fischer
suggests the identification with the estuary of the Tina-Mayor
(which constitutes a combination of three valleys) or with the
estuary of the San Martin.
85. Galasiya (v). - Fischer proposes to identify it with
Portugalete, although it is encountered far from its correct
place.
86. Burt de labindir (v). - Lanes, Vesc. Bi.; Lesanes, V 31;
Lapnes, L.; Lanpnes, K.; Laynes, G.; Lagnes, Ben.; Blans, Rz 47. -
= Llanes.
87. Ribadawfi (v). - Ripadeo, P 25; Ripatoua, L.; Ribadeho, G.;
Ribadeo, V 29; Rz 49; Bi.; Ripadoua, Vesc. - = Rivadeo.
88. Al-wadd (a). - Fischer proposes the identification of this
place-name with the Basma of Italian and Catalan sea-charts, and
thus is would be the Mouth of the Foz.
89. Al-baladdu (a, v?). - Fischer suggests the identification of
this name with San Cipridn. 90. Fifarfi (v). - Uiuero, L.G.Ma.;
Viuero, P 25, Rz 51, Vesc. Ben. - = Vivero. 91. Qaluniya (v). -
Corogna, Vesc. K.; Crugna, L. Ben.; Collogna, G.; Cholognie, Ma.;
Collogne, P 27;
Choranje, V 26; Chrugne, Rz 53; Chrugna, Bi. - = La Corunia.
Corunna. 92. Finistala (v). - Finistera, L.K.G. Pin.; Finisterre,
Rz 56; Finistere, V 25; Finisterna, P 29. - Uncertain
reading. Cf. D. Cabanelas: "Finisterre en el "Rawd mi'tar" of
HimyarI," Al-Andalus, 16 (1951), 218-20.
93. Munz.. .a (v?). - Fischer suggests identification with
Mugia. 94. Baha (v) Fischer suggests, hesitatingly, identification
with Noya. 95. Lanqarida (v). - Ponta uechia, L.; Pontauedre, K.;
Pontavedra, Bi. Ben. Rz 57. - Fischer proposes
the following reading correcting the MS.: Buntifadra. -
Pontevedra. 96. Burt de Muir (v). - Baiona, G. Bi.; Baiona de Mior,
L.; Baona de mignol, Vesc.; Baona de minor, K.;
Baiona de mignor, Ben.; isole de Baiona, P 32, Ma. Rz 58; lixola
de bayona, V 25; Baiona de mar, Pin. - = Bayona del Minho.
97. Gaskuiniya (v). - Fischer identifies it with Villa do Conde.
98. Fuya (i,c). - Boga, L.K.G.Bi.Ben.Pin. - = Vouga. 99. Talfiya?
Taluwiya? (v). - Fischer does not find any place-name corresponding
to this one and is in-
clined, hesitatingly, to read, together with no. 98, mawya
zuluma = dangerous waves. 100. Burtugdl (i). - Porto de Portogallo,
Ben. V 24; Portogallo, L. Rz 59, G.; Porto giallo, P 33; Porto
de
Portogalo, Vesc. Pin.; Portoghallo, Ma.; Porto de Portogal, Bi.
= Oporto. 101. Yawn (a) Burtugal. 102. Tuwa (v). - May be Tuy? Cf.
Dubler, "Los caminos.. .", p. 113; in this case it would be far
from
its real place. Fischer proposes to correct the text to Bulga
and identify the name withe the river Vouga.
9
-
103. Muintiqui (i,c). - Mondego, L. K. G. Bi.; Montiego, V 24;
Mondegio (-agio), P 33; Mondegho, Ma.; Montedegon, Pin.; Mondego,
Rz 60. - Idrisi, ed. Dozy p. 183: Mundlq. - = Mondego.
104. Qarflbira (v). - Carboner, L.K.G.Ben. Pin.; Cauo di
Carbonara, P. 33; Carbonera, Bi.; Charboner, V 24, Rz 60. - Fischer
proposes some emendation of the ductus. - = Cape Carvoeiro.
105. Barllng-d (v). - Berlinga, K.V. 24; Bi. Ben.; Barlinga,
Pin.; Berlinghe, P 33, Ma.; Berlenghe, Rz 60. - = Island of
Berlenga.
106. Yawaniya (v). - Fischer corrects it to Takulna and
identifies it with Althougia (Tiguna, L.G.; Tuguia, G.; Tugia,
Vesc.; Tuzia, Bi.; Tagina, Ben.)
107. L'sbfina (a). - Lisbona, L.K.G.Bi.Ben.Pin.Rz 61, P 34;
Lessibone, Vesc. - = Lisbon. 108. gdqit (a,v). - Fischer identifies
it, hesitatingly, with Setubal (Satuuol, K.; Sotual, G.; Satuel,
Ben.;
Setune, P 35; Sostoual, V 23; Situbuol, Rz 62). 109. Tarf
al-garb (a). - Fischer identifies it with the Cape of San Vicente.
All the place-names picked up
by Kretschmer derive from Romanic speed. 110. Laqus (a,v). -
Lacos, Ben.; Laco, G. K. Bi.Pin.; Lacus, J.; Laghus, P 36; Lagus,
Ma.; Lachus, Rz
64. -= Lagos. 1 1 .9antamariya (v) de Faruin (a,v). - Faraum,
K.; Faraom, Vesc. G.; Faraun, J.; Faraon, L. Pin. - = Faro. 112.
Ta.. bIra (?). - Fischer proposes to read Tanblra and identifies it
with Tavira (Tauila, L. Pin.; Tauira,
J.; Tauilla, K. G. Vesc. Rz 64; Tavila, Bi.). 113. Wadd yana
(a). - Goadiana, K.Bi.; Gadiana, J.; Guardiana, L. Pin.; Godiana,
G. Ben.Rz 64; Gadeana,
Vesc. - Guadiana. 114. Arqa de yun (i). - Fischer proposes to
read the second word bun. - Arca de bom, L.; Arcadebu, J.;
Arca de bo, K.G.Ben. Pin. - = San Miguel Arga de buey. 115.
Salt-is (i,c,a). - Saltes, K.G.J.Pin.; Sates, Bin.; Saltexe, Vesc.
= Saltes. 116. Rimal (a) Gardafi ' (V). - Aranes, L.G.; Arenas,
Bi.; Arenagorde, J.; Allene Guardie, Vesc. -
Arenas Gordas. 117. Barr (a) al-Ma'ida (a). - San Luca Baramida,
L. Vesc. K. Ben.; San Lucha Borabneda, Bi.; Barameda,
J.; San Luchar de Barameda, Rz 65.; San Lucha Borimida, P 37. -
= San Lucar de Barrameda. 118. Isbiliya (a). - Sibillia, L. K.;
Sibbillia, G.; Siuillia, Bi.; Sibilia, Vesc. Ben. Pin. Rz 65. - =
Sevilla. 119. Qadis (a). - Cades, L.G.; Cadis, K. J.; Chades, Bi.
Rz 65, Ma.; Calici, P 36. - = Cadiz. 120. TarIf (a). - Tarifa,
L.K.Vesc. Bi.Pin.J.; Tariffa, J. G. Ben.; Tariffe, P 38; ixola
Tarifa, Rz 66. -
Tarifa. 121. al-Yazir al-hadra' (a). - Zizera, K.G.Pin.; Zicera,
Rz 68; J. - A name of very uncertain reading, but
which corresponds in any case the Arab form. - = Algeciras. 122.
Yabal al-fath (a). - Cf. No. 123. 123. al-Muman (?). - Doubtful
reading. Fischer proposes to read al-muyamman which would then
mean,
together with no. 122: = Mount of the happy conquest = Gibraltar
(Monte Zuibeltar, L.; Mon iubeltar, Vesc.; Mont Gibeltar, K.J.;
Zubeltar, G.; Monte de Zibeltar, Rz 68; Bi. Pin.; Giubilterra,
Gibilterra, P 39; Ma.).
124. Marbala (a,i,c). - Marbella, P 40; Vesc. L. J.; Marbela,
K.G.; Marueglia, Rz 69. - = Marbella. 125. Hay'ar al-milh (a). -
Molina P 40; Molini, Rz 69, Bi.; Molins, L.K.; Molinj, G.; Molin,
Ben. Par.
J.; Muline, Ma.; Molline, Vesc. - = Torremolinos? 126. Malaqa
(a). - Malicha, P 40. Rz 69. K.; Malica, J.L.Ben.; Mallaca, Vesc.;
Malcha, Bi.; Mallicha,
G.; Malaca, Par. - Mallaga. 127. Bazilyana (a) = Las Ventas de
Mesmiliana. 128. Marya Belis (a). - Malia de bis, L.; Mallia de
bis, G.Ben.; Malca de bis, Bi.; Maliabelis, K.; Mallia
bedis, Vesc.; MaIjabelli, J. - = Velez Malaga. 129. Tarf Turru's
(a). - Punta de Tor, K.P.; de Toro, J.; Ponta de Tore,
L.G.Bi.Vesc.; Torre, Bi. --
Punta de Torrox. 130. Narya (a). - Negreli, L.Vesc. J.; Negrels,
K.; Nigrello, P 41; Negrelli, Ben.; Negrellis, G.; Megreli,
Bi.; Negrella, Par.--Nerja.
10
-
131. al-Munakab (a). - = Muleca, K.Par.J.; Mulleca, Vesc.;
Milleca, L.; Milecha, Ben.; Meleca, G.; Melecha, Bi.Rz 70; Malicha,
P 41, Ma. - = Almuniecar.
132. Tarf al-qisis (a). - Tarfocases, K.J.; Tarfocaros, L.G.Bi.;
chao de Trafilcasis, Rz 70; Tarifocasix, Vesc.; Tarffocases, Par. -
= Cabo de Sacratif (Fischer), Trefalcazis (Kretschmer).
133. 'Adra (a). - Tadra, K.G.Vesc.Ben.Bi. = Adra. 134. al-Daffa
(a). - Cf. No. 135. 135. al-Amiriya (a). - Lena dal can(bra), K;
Lena da Canbre, J.; Alcambra, L.; Arcanbra, Bi.; Arconbra,
G.; Lena de alcanbla, Vesc.; Lena de larcambra, Ben. - = Llanos
de Alcanbra; Lena darmeria, L.G.Bi.Ben.; Lena Delmeria, K.; Lena
darmaria, J.; Lena dalmeria, P 42, Pin.; Lena almaria, Vesc. - =
Llanos de Almeria. - I do not know to which of the two place-names
cited by the Italian and Catalan maps in the environs of Almeria
this Arab place-name, doubtless composed of Nos. 134 and 135,
corresponds.
136. al-Mariya (a). - Almeria, L.K.G.P. 42, Ma. Rz 70; Almaria,
Vesc.; Elmarja, J.; Armeria, Ben. Bi. Par. = Almeria.
137. Tarf al-qabta (a) Cauo Gatto, P 42; Gatta, Ma. Rz 71; Ben;
Gata, L.G.Bi.Par.Pin.; C.S. Gata, J.; C. de Capta, K.; GapLa, Vesc.
Cf. Idris! p. 194. - C. de Gata.
138. al-Rahib (a). - Rait, ..G.Vesc. Bi.; Raut, Pin. - = 139.
BIra (a). - Vera, Ben. Par.; Vera veia, Bi.; Bera, L.K.G.J.
Vesc.Pin.Rz 70 = Vera. 140. Iqila (a). - Aguila, Pin.; Aquile, P
44, Ma.J.Ben.Bi.; Aquilla, Rz 72, Vesc.; Aquille, L.G.Par.;
Aguilles, K. - Port of Aguila. 141. Suyana (a). - Suanas,
L.G.Bi.; Suana, Vesc. Par. Pin.; Susaya, K. - Fischer identifies it
with Cala
Negro. 142. Qarminhiyar (a). - Carminzar, L.; Carmenya, K.;
Carmingar, G.; Charmanzar, Rz 72.; Carmenzar,
P 44; Charminar, Ma.; Carmaniar, Vesc.; Carmoniar, Ben. Par.;
Carmiricar, Bi.; Carmanzar, Pin. - -Cabo Tinoso (Fischer); The Bay
of Mazarron (Kretschmer).
143. Qartayina (a). - Chartagenia, K.P. 45; Rz 73; Chartagenia,
Rz 73; Cartazenia, Pin.; Cartaienia, L. Vesc. J.; Cartaienea, G.;
Cartagienia, Ben.; Chartaienia, Bi.; Chartagienia, Ma.; Cartagena,
Par. - Idrisi p. 194: Qartayina. - = Cartagena.
144. al Huluiq (a) Idrisi, p. 194 cites Huluiq Balis = Palos
Bay. 145. al-Mudawwar (a). - Guardamar, L.G.Bi.Ben.Rz 76; Gardamar,
Vesc. Pin.; Gardemar, J.; Guardmar,
K.; Goardamar, Par. - Kretschmer identifies it with the Arabic
place-name which he gives in the tran- scription al-Madur. Fischer
presumes that the place-names 144 and 145 should be read
together.
146. Laqant (a). - Lacantera, L. Ben. Bi.; Allacant, K.;
Cantera, Vesc.; Chantera, P 49; Cantara, Rz 76, J.; La cantara, G.;
Cantira, Pin.; Ghalicante, Ma.; Galicante, P 49. - Alicante.
147. Qab Martin (v). - C. de Marti, K.; Martin, G. Vesc. Pin.;
Martim, Ben. Rz 76; C. de Martj, J.; Martino, P 50. - = Cape of St.
Martin.
148. Daniya (a). - Denia, K.G.Vesc.J.Ben.P 51, Rz 77. - = Denia.
149. Qandiya ( ). - Gandia, L.K.G.Vesc.Bi.J.Ben.Pin.Rz 78. - =
Gandia. 150. Qulblra (v). - Cugliera, L.; Culiera, Pin.Rz 78.;
Chuliera, Rz 78; Cuiera, G.; Culera, J.; Cugera,
K.Ben.; Chuchiera, Bi. - Idris! p. 192: Qulyayra. - = Cullera.
151. Balansiya (a). - Valenza, Rz 78, P 52, Pin.; Valenga, Bi.
Ben.; Vallenga, G.; Vallencia, K. Vesc.;
Valencia, J.; Ualenza, L. Ma. - = Valencia. 152. Mfirbitr (a). -
Monuedra, L.Vesc.Ben.; Monte uedro, G.; Montuedre, K.; Moruedro,
J.; Monueder,
Bi.; Moruedo, Pin. - Idris! p. 191: Murbatr. - = Murviedro. 153.
Buryana (a). - Boriana, L.G.K.Bi.Vesc.Ben.J.Pin. - Burriana. 154.
Urbiya (v). - Auropexa, L.G.Bi.; Aurpeza, J.; Aurpessa, K. Ben.;
Auropessa, Vesc.; Alarpeso, Pin. -
Idris! p. 191: 'Uqbat Ubiga. - = Cape of Oropesa. 155.
Banfiukula (a). - Paniscola, L.G.Bi.Pin.; Panischola, Rz 79;
Panisscola, Vesc. Panischoli, P 51, Ma.;
Peniscola, J.; Peniscula, K.; Paniscula, Ben. - Idr!s1 p. 191:
Baniskula. - = Penfiscola. 156. Liyana (v). - IdrisI p. 191: Yana.
- = La Zana.
11
-
157. Turta'sa (a). - Tortosa, P 52; Tortoxa, L.Bi.Ben.J.Pin.Rz
79; Ma 52.; Tortossa, Vesc. K.; Tortoza, J.; Tolloxa, G. - =
Tortosa.
158. Burt Fangus (c). - Porto Fangoso, Vesc. Ben.Pin.Rz 79; Port
Fangos, K.J.; P. Fangoxo, L.G.Bi. - = Puerto del Fangal.
159. Sant AYury (i). - San Giorgio, Ben.; Sco. Zorzi, Pin.; S.
Jordi, J. - Golfo de San Jorge. 160. gal-at (v). - Salo, P 53, Ma.
Mb 52, Bi.; Sallo, L.K.G.P 53; Sallou, Ben.; Salou, J.; Salon, Rz
79. -
Salou. 161. Tarakuna (a). - Taragona, G. Pin. Rz 80; Terragona,
P 52; Taraona, Ma.; Taregona, J.; Taragogna,
L.; Tarragogna, Bi. Idris! Tarrakina. - = Tarragona. 162. ...rit
(c). - Tamarit, K. Bi. Ben. J.; Camarit, L.G. - = Tamarit. 163.
Lubriqat (c). - Lombregat, L.; Lonbregat, K.G.; Lobergat, Ben.;
Lonbrigat, Pin.; Lobraguat, J. -
The river Llobregat. 164. Barsiluna (a). - Barcellona, K.;
Barzellona, G.; Bazalona, L.; Barzalona, Bi.P 52; Barcelona,
Ben;
Barcelona, Rz 80; J.; Barzelona, Pin. - = Barcelona. 165. Ra's
(a). al-Mabarim (a). Neither Fischer nor Kretschmer have been able
to provide any identifi-
cation. Might it be L'agulla, north of Blanes? 166. Anbuliya
(i,c). - Ampulles, Ben.; Ampurie, L.; Anpulie, Pin.; Anpories, J.;
colfo de ampuresche,
Rz 80. - = Gulf of Rosas. 167. Lanzam (i). - Lanza, K.J.; Anxam,
L.; Lanqam, G.Ben.; lena de Lanzan, Rz 81; Lena, P 58; Lansa,
J.; Lanzano, Vesc.; Langan, Pin. - = Llansa. 168. Wast 'azirat
al-Andalus Centre of the Peninsula al-Andalus.
F) France: coast of the Mediterranean 169. Qutlura (v). -
Copliura, K.; Colluuro, L.; Coliuro, G.; Coliuri, P 58, Rz 81;
Coliueri, Ma.; Copliuro.
Ben.; Colibro, Bi. - = Collioure. 170. Qanmt (v). - Fiume de
Canont, Rz 81. - = Mouth of the Tech. 171. Narbuna (a). - Narbona,
L. Bi.; Nerbona, Vesc. K. Ben. J. - Narbe, G.; grado di Nerbona, P
59;
grauo de Nerbona, Rz 82. - = Narbonne. 172. Aqda (i,c). - Agde,
L.K.Vesc.J.; Acde, G.Bi.; Agda, Ben.; Adda, Rz 82. - = Agde. 173.
Qab de Kuwanka (v). - Cauo di chonches P 59; Conches, Ma; Concha,
Rz 82. - = La Conque. 174. Qab de Sit (v). - Cauo de septa,
L.Bi.Ma.; Seta, K.; Setta, P 59.; chauo de septe, Rz 82, Vesc.
-
Cette. 175. Manbiglir (i,c,v). - Monpollier, G.; Mompolier,
Ben.; Monpolier, Bi.; Monpesler, K.Vesc.J. -
Montpellier. 176. al-Fam al-Mayt (a). - Aygues mortes, K. J.;
Aigue morta, Ma.; Aqua morta, P 60; Aque morte,
L.Rz 83. - - Aigues-mortes. 177. Ir...'arut (?, v). -L= Ile de
la Camargue? 178. Binaya (?). - Idris! ed. Jaubert, II, 239 Afinin
- Avignon according to Fischer. 179. . .rul! (?). - Correcting it
to Arlisy, Fischer identifies it with Arles. 180. Duru (v). - This
place-name overlaps the preceding one. - Odor, L.K.G.Vesc.Ben.J.;
Oder, Rz 83;
Hodo, Rz 146. - = Roque de Dour? 181. Qatar! (v). - Boccolli,
L.; Bocollj, G.; Bocoli, Vesc.; Boch, J.; Bocholi, P 66, Rz 146. -
Bouc,
according to Fischer, who suggests the correction of this name
to Bakurl. 182. Quliqi (v). - Collone, L. Vesc. K. G.; Colone, Bi.
Rz 146, J.; C. de Colonda, Ben.; C. delle collogne,
P 61; Chologne, Ma. - = Couronne. 183. Marslliya (v). - Marseia,
L. Rz 147, Bi.; Marsseia, G.; Masela, K. Marcella, J.; Marsela,
Ben.; Mars-
silia, Vesc.; Marsilia, P 61. - Marseilles. 184. Aqil (v). -
Aquille, L.G.Vesc.; Aquile, J.; Aquilles, K.; Aquile, Ben., Bi.;
Aquila, Mb.; Aquilad,
Rz 148; Aguilo, Pin. - = C. Bec de l'Aigle.
12
-
185. Tulfin (i). - Tolom, L. Rz 150; Telom, K.G.; Tolon, Vesc.
Pin. Tolona, Ni.; Tolone, P 63. - Toulott. 186. Awyd (v). - Eres,
K. Ben., Pin.; Ixole deres, Rz 151; Ere, J. Vesc.; Erens, L. G.;
Ere, Vesc.; Iris,
Mb.; leris, P 65 f. - Idrisi, ed. Jaubert II, 249: Iris. - =
Hyeres. 187. Ifrayuin (a). - Frezur, K.; Frazur, G.; C. de Frazur,
J.; Fraiur, Vesc.; Fragur, L. Bi.; Fraur, Ben.;
Fregur, Pin. - Frejus. 188. Margarita (i,). - Santa Margarita,
L.G.Vesc. Rz 153; Sca. Margallita, K.; St. Malgarita, Bi. Pin.;
S. Marguarita, J.; Isole di sancta margherita, P 67. Ma. - = Ile
de Ste. Marguerite. 189. Antlwari (i, c). - Antiueri, K.; Antiuari,
Ben. J.; Tiboli, P 67; Antiuoli ,Mb.; Antipol, Rz 154. - =
Antibes. 190. Qaluina (v). - Chauo de Galopa, Rz 154, G. J. Bi.
Pin.; Ghualoppa, Ma.; C. della Galoppa, P 68;
Gallopa, L. K. Vesc. - In the Magreb map the order is changed:
it should precede number 189. - C. de la Garoupe.
191. Anisa (v, a). - Niza, L. Vesc. Rz 154; Pin.; Nisa, K.J.;
Niqa, Bi.; Nizza, Mb. 69.- Nice. 192. Muinaqui (i, c). - Monago, L.
K. J. Rz 155; Monego, Bi. Ben. Rz 155; Munego, G.; Monaco,
Vesc.
P 70. - = Monaco.
G) Italy 193. Bintimiliya (i, c). - Ventimilla, K.; Ventimillia,
Ben.; XX milia, L.; XX milla, Pin. J.; Ventimiglia,
Rz 155; XX mia. G. - = Ventimiglia. 194. Bury (c) al-Binquan
(v). - Albengena, L.; Albengana, K.; Arbenga, G. Ben. Rz 156;
Arlenga, Pin.;
Albengua, J.; Albingano, Vesc.; Isole d'erbringhe, P. 70. - =
Albenga. 195. Fan (v). - Uai, L. G. Bi.; Vai, Ben. P 71, Rz 157;
Vay. Vesc. K. - Fischer believes that this ductus
derives from Fay Vado. 196. Safina (v). - Sauona, L. Vesc. G.
Ben. P 71. Bi. Pin.; Saona, K. J.; Savona, Rz 157. - Idris!
(ed. Jaubert) II, 249, Saguina. - Savona. 197. Arisiyan (v). -
Arenzano, Vesc.; Arenza, K. L.; Arenxam, L. Bi.; Aronsan, G.;
Arestan, Pin. - =
Arenzano. 198. Bali (i). - Pegi, L. K. G. J.; Pezi, Bi.; Pelli,
Vesc. - = Pegli. 199. Yanuwa (i, c). - Zenoua, L. Rz 158; Zenoa, G.
Pin.; Janua, K. J. Vesc. Ben.; Gienoua, P 71. - =
Genoa. 200. Rabal (v). - Rapallo, L. G. Ben. Vesc.; Rapalo, K.
Pin.; Golfo de Repalo, Rz 158; Repallo, J. - -
Rapallo. 201. 1s'trl (v). - Sestri, K. L. G. Vesc. P 73; Cestri,
J.; Sistri, Rz 159; Sestro, Pin. - = Sestri. 202. Burt (c) Fanuiri
(i). - Porto uenere, L. G. Pin.; Porto venere, Ben. Rz 159; Porto
uener, K. Vesc.;
Porto veneri, J. P 73. - Portovenere. 203. Qu5r (?). - Cauo
coruo, L. Vesc. J. Ben. K. Pin.; C. Corbo, G.; C. Chorbo, Rz 159. -
= C. Corvo. 204. Magira (?). - Magra, L. G. Vesc. K. Ben. Pin.;
Magre, J.; Fuxa de la Magra, Rz 159. - Very doubtful
reading. Idris! (ed. Jaubert) II, 249: Faqra. - Magra. 205.
Matfiwun (v). - Motron, L. K. G. J. Pin.; Motrom, Ben.; Mutron,
Vesc.; Montron, Rz 159. -
Motrone. 206. Biya (i). - Pisa, K.; Pin. J.; Pixia, L.; Pissa,
Vesc. G.; Pixa, Ben. Rz 160. - = Pisa. 207. Burt Bisal (v). - Porto
Pixano, L.; Port Pissam, K. G.; P. Pissano, Vesc.; P. Pisanj, J.;
Porto Pixam,
Rz 160.; Porto Pisano, P 74. - = Porto Pisano. 208. Fada (i). -
Vadi, G.; Uada, L.; Vada, Ben. Vesc. P 83, Rz 161; Vaida, J.;
Vayda, K. - = Vada. 209. Blubin (v). - Plonbino, L. G. Pin.;
Plunbi, K.; Plonbj, J.; Pionbin, Rz 161; Pionbino, Vesc.; Piom-
bino, Ben. P 83. - Piombino. 210. Qab (c) da Tuwiya (v). - Cauo
de Troia, L. Vesc. G. J. Pin. Troya, K.; C. de la Troia, Ben. -
C. de Troia. 211. Baskira (i). - Pescera, L. G. Vesc.; Pescayra,
K. J.; Castillioni, Ben.; Castrion, Pin.; Chastion de la
Peschara, Rz 164. - =Castiglione della Pescaja.
13
-
H. Isles of the Mediterranean
212. Yazlrat Qursiqa. - This name also appears on the eastern
coast of the island. - Idrds! (ed. Jaubert) II, 68: Qursa.
213. Yazlrat Sardaniya. - This name also appears on the eastern
coast of the island. 214. Yalita (i). - Isla Galita. 215. Yazlrat
Mayurqa (a). - This name also appears on the eastern coast of the
island. 216. Minuarqa (a). - Minorica, L. Ben.; Minorcha, Vesc.;
Minoricha, Mb 211; Minoricha, Rz 93. -
Minorca. 217. Yabisa (a). - Eviza, L. G. Pin.; Eviqa, K. Ben.;
Jeuiqa; Bi; Jeuiza, Rz 84; Castello deviza, Mb 207;
Euenza, Vesc. - = Ibiza. 218. al-Buram (a). - Albolam, L.;
Elboram, K.; Anbollam, G.; Boran, Rz 68; Alborame, Vesc. Pin. P
48;
Ma. Mb.; Abolan, Bi; Alboram, Ben. - = Alboran.
I) Africa 219. Mdzigdn (a). - Messagram, Vesc.; Mesegam, Med.;
Mesegan, Pin.; Magaqem, Ben.; Masagan, Bi.;
Mazacchi, Montozache, P 202. - = Mazagan. 220. Azamuir (a). -
Zamor, Vesc. J. P 201; Azamor, Bi.; Aqamor, Ben. - Azamor. 221.
Abui Ufayr (a). - Niffe, Vesc. Ben.; Nife, J. Pin.; Nia, Bi.;
Anafe, Ben.; Niffa, P 201. - = Anafa. -
Doubtful identification. 222. Yawn Sursur (a). - Scossor, Vesc.;
Esossor, Ben.; Scosor, Bi. Pin. - = Gulf of Sarsar in the mouth
of
the Umm al-Rab!'. 223. Marafiqa, Maqifa?. - Very doubtful
reading. 224. Fudala (a). - Fadalla, Vesc.; Fedalla, J.; Fedala,
Med.; Fedela, Pin.; Ysola Fadala, Bi.; Isola di
Fidalo, P 201. - Idris! p. 73: Fidala. - = Fedala. 225. Yuzr
al-hamam (a). - Rotima, Med. Ben. Pin.; .. . ma, '; Romea, Bi. -
Very doubtful identification. 226. Sala (a). - Salle, L. Vesc. J.
Ben.; Sale, Bi. Pin. P 201. - Idris! p. 72. - = Sale. 227. Sabf. -
Idirlsi p. 170. - = The river Sebu. 228. Abuj Tawil (a). 229.
al-Muzamat (a). - Mamora, Vesc. L. Med. Bi. J. Ben. Pin. - =
Mehedia (?). 230. al-'Ara'i's (a). - Laraxi, Vesc.; Laraci, J.;
Lara9, Ben.; Laras, Pin.; Cauo della iasa, P 201. - = La-
rache. 231. Tanya (a). - Tancer, L. Pin.; Tania, Vesc.; Tanjer,
K.; Tanze, G.; Tanger, J. Ben.; Tangero, Mb 201.
- Tangiers. 232. Sibta (a). - Septa, L. Vesc. K. G. Bi. Ben.
Pin.; Cepta, J. Rz 68; Secta, Ma 200. 233. Wadi Mayiksa (a). - =
The river of Tetuan. 234. al-'Uqayli. - Tarfoneli, L.; Tariffanoli,
Vesc.; Tarfonoli, K. Pin.; Tarfonolli, G.; Tarfonli, Bi. -
Doubtful identification. 235. Targa (a). - Terga, K.; Targua,
J.; Targho, Ma 200.; Targa, G. Ben. - Targai. 236. Karkl (a). -
Cricer, L.; Chercher, Vesc.; Chucer Bi.; Crizer, Pin. - Idris! p.
171. - Doubtful
identification. 237. Yalis (a). - Ellis, L. Vesc. K. G. Ben.;
Elis, Bi. J. Pin. - Mouth of the Iris. 238. Badis (a). - Bedis, L.
K. Vesc. G. J. Ben. Pin. Ma 200; Bettis, Bi. - Idris! p. 171. - =
Badis. 239. Taqarqira (a). - Tarfocirat, L. G.; Tarfoquirat, K. J.
Ben.; Tarfozirat, Bi. - = Cape Quilates. 240. al-Muzama (a). -
Molcemar, L.; Motzema, K. J.; Motqema, G.; Mozema, Vesc.; Molzemar,
Bi.
Pin.; Moncemar, Ben.; Isola MOgema, Ma. 199. - Idris! p. 171. -
= Alhucemas. 241. Aftis (a). - Fetis, L. G. Ben.; Fetix, K. J.;
Feti, Pin. - = Fetis. 242. Jusasa (a). - = Bu Asar? 243. Tarf Fark
(a). - C. de tre Force, L. G.; C. de III Forche, Vesc. K. J. Pin.;
C. di Biforche, Ma 199.;
C. de tre Forche, Bi. Ben. - =C. Tres Forcas.
14
-
244. Malila (a). - Millella, L.; Millela, Vesc. K.; Melila, J.;
Milela, Bi.; Melilla, Ben.; Milela, Pin.; Memila, Ma 199; Melina,
Mb. - = Melilla.
245. al-Sal-f (a). - = Muley Ali Cherif? 246. Dalasanil (a). -
Zafarins, L.; Jaffarini, K. Ben.; qaffarinj, G.; Zafarini, Bi.
Pin.; Jafains, J.; Isole di
Jafarini, Ma 198; Jaffarime, Mb. - Doubtful identification =
Jafarinas Islands. 247. Maluiya (a). - Miluina, L. Bi.; Millunia,
Vesc.; Miluya, K. J.; Milluhina, G.; Millonia, Ben.; Malonia,
Pin. - Idris! p. 172. - The river Muluya. 248. 'Ayrat (a). -
Fischcr suggests, hesitatingly, identification with Cape Milonia.
249. Hunayn (a). - Omne, L. Bi.; Vne, J.; One, K. G. Ben. Pin. Ma
198; Onem, Vesc. - = C. Noe. 250. al-Raykul (a). - Limacs, L. G.;
Limachs, K. J.; Y. de Limaes, Pin. Issolle de Limace, Vesc.;
Limace,
Bi.; Y. de Limacia, Ben. - Idris! p. 172 Aryakuan y Arisqat =
Limacos. 251. al-Wadd al-Malih (a). - =? 252. Ban! Wanzar (a). -
Idris! p. 172, Bani Wazzar. -According to Idrisi's data it seems to
refer to a pro-
montory in the environs of Cape Blanco. 253. Tarf al-harsa (a).
- C. Falcon, L. G.; C. de Falco, K.; C. d'Farchon, Vesc.; Falconi,
Ben.; Falcon,
Bi. Pin.; C. di Falchone, Ma 198. - Idris! p. 173 al-harsa. - =
C. Falcon. 254. Wahran (a). - Oram, L. Vesc. K. G. Bi. Ben.; Hora,
Ma 197; Ora, J.; Oran, Pin.; Choram, Mb. - =
Oran (Wahran). 255. Asabi' Fir'awn (a). - C. Feraton, L. Vesc.
Bi. Pin.; Cauo Ferat, K.; C. Ferao, J.; Ferrao, Ben.;
C. Ferrato, Ma 197; C. Feraton, G. - = C. Ferrato. 257. Salif
(a). - Silefo, L. K. Bi. G.; Cilef, J.; Sileffo, Ben. - = Mouth of
the Chelif. 256. Tamzagran (a). - Marzagrani, Bi.; Marssagrani,
Vesc.; Masagrani, J.; Marzacroni, Pin. - = Mazagran. 258. Hawd
Faruj (a). - Cf. Idris! (ed. Dozy) p. 117, footnote. - Probably in
the mouth of the Macta. 259. QuluI al-qarnayn (a). - Cf. Idrisi pp.
369, 101 and Dozy, Supplement, s.v. - = Yebel Tabellain? 260. Tanis
(a). - Tenexe, L. G. Bi. Pin.; Tenexi, Vesc.; Tenes, K. J.; Tenese,
Ben.; Tenesi, Mb 196. -
Tenes. 261. al-Naquar (a). - Aucor, L. G. Bi. Pin.; Aocor, Vesc.
J.; Aochor, K. Ben. - = C. Kef el Hauci. 262. Yabal al-Jayl (a). -
= ? 263. Brisk (a). - Bresca, L. Bi.; Brisch, K. J.; Bressca, G.;
Brissca, Vesc.; Brischa, Ben. Pin.; Brischo,
Ma 196. - Idrisi, pp. 88 and 101. - = Si Brahim. 264. girsal
(a). - Sorcelli, L.; Cercel, K.; Sorgelly, G.; Cercelli, Vesc.;
Cercei, J.; Sorzeli, Bi. Pin.; Circelli,
Ben. - Idrisi pp. 89 and 101. - = Cherchel. 265. al-Bital (a). -
C. Batar, Bi. J. Ben. Pin.; C. de Lalbatal, K.; C. de Batar, G. Ma
195; C. d'Batrar,
Vesc.; - Idrisi p. 101. - = Fischer identifies it with Pointe
Berinshel and Kretschmer with Ras el Amoach.
266. Huir (a). - Idrisi p. 101. - = A small fishery village
between Ras el Amoach and Sidi Ferruch. 267. al-Yaza'ir (a). -
Alguer, L. Bi.; Alger, K. J. Ben.; Lalguer, G.; Algier, Ma 195;
Zizera, Vesc. Pin. - =
Argel. 268. Tamadfur (a). - Mitifue, L.; Montefoxo, Vesc.;
Metifux, K.; Mitifus, G.; Metifus, J. Ben.; Mietifus,
Bi.; Murfus, Pin. - Fischer identifies it with el Tamadfus which
is indicated in Idris! p. 102 and I, 89. - = Cape Matifu.
269. Marsa al-dayay (a). - Marssa d'Gige, Vesc. - Idrisi pp. 89,
90 and 102. - = Port-aux-Poules or Hadjer Makhluf.
270. Ta... .lis (a). - Titellis, L. Vesc. G. J.; Tedelis, K. Ma
195; Titelis, Bi. Pin.; Tidellis, Ben.. - Idrisi p. 102: Tadlis.
Fischer reads: Tadlis. - C. de Tedles.
271. Azafun (a). - Jafo, L. J.; Zaffon, Vesc.; Zafon, K. Pin.;
laffo; G. Bi.; Caffoni, Ben.; Chauo de Cafom, Ma 195; Zaffen, Mb. -
Idrisi p. 102. - = Azeffun.
272. Buyaya (a). - Buzia, L. Bi. Pin.; Bogia, J.; Bugia, K.;
Bugia, G.; Bugea, Vesc. Ma 195. - = Bugia. 273. al-Mansu-riyya (a).
- Manxolia, L.; Manssolia, Vesc.; Mansoria, K.; Manssollia, G.;
Mansora, J. Pin.
Mosolia, Bi.; Mansuria, Ben.; Isola di Monsuri, Ma 194. - Idrisi
p. 102. --=Mansuria.
15
-
274. Yazlrat al-'afiya (a). - Balafia, L. K. Bi. J. Pin. Ma 194;
Balaffia, Vesc. Ben.; Ballafia, G. - IdrIsI p. 98, 4 . - = Ras
Afia, Pointe Rouge, Red Point.
275. Mazgltdn. - (a). - Idrisi pp. 98, 102 MazgItan. = A
promontory between Ras Afia and Dschidschelli. 276. YIlhal (a). -
Giger, L. J.; Gigeri, Ben.; Zizari, Vesc. Pin. G. Bi. - Idrisi pp.
98 and 102. - = Djidjelli. 277. al-Astar (a). - Marzaron, L.; Marza
Saydo, K.; Marsaito, J.; Magaron, G.; Marssasaito, Vesc.;
Porto Marsaitton, Ben.; Marza aroni, Pin. - = Mersa Zeitun,
according to Fischer. 278. al-Qull (a). - Ancol, K. J.; Ancoli,
Bi.; Alchol, G.; Ancolle, Vesc.; G. de Ancoli, Pin.; Collo,
Ben.
Ma 194. - Idrisi pp. 98 and 102. - = Collo. 279. Ustura (a). -
Stora, L. Vesc. K. G. Bi. J. Ben. Pin.; Storra, Ma 193. - IdrIsI p.
103. - = Stora. 280. Marsa al-saman (a). - Fischer identifies it
with Cape Akcine. 281. Ra's marsa al-rum (a). - Fischer identifies
it, hesitatingly, with Cape Tukush. 282. Qulu' al-nusur (a). -
Fischer identifies it, hesitatingly, with Cape de Garde. 283. Buna
(a). - Bona, L. Vesc. K. G. Bi. J. Ben. Ma 192, Pin. - = Bona. 284.
al-FRg (a). - Foca de Bona, L. G. Bi.; G. d'Bona, J.; Golfo de
Bona, K. Ben. Pin. - = Mouth of the
river Seybouse. 285. Anf al-'aris (a). - Fischer identifies it
with Cape Rosa (Cauo de Ruoxa, L. G. Pin.; Cauo de Rosso,
Vesc.; Cap de la Rossa, K.; Ch. di Rossa, Ma 192; C. d'Roza, J.;
C. de Rosa, Ben.; C. de Raoxa, Bi.). 286. Marsa' al-jaraz (a). -
Marzacaris, L. Vesc. K. Bi. J. Pin.; Margagarj, G.; Margaquares,
Ben. - Idrisi
pp. 103, 116, 123. - = La Calle. 287. Tabarqa (a). - Tabarca, L.
G. J. Ben. Pin.; Tabarcha, Vesc. K. Bi. Ma 191. - Idrisi p. 123. -
= Ta-
barca. 288. Ra's al-minsar (a). - Rasamixar, L.; Rassamissar,
Vesc.; Rasalmixar, J.; Raxamixar, Bi.; Ras al-
minxar, K.; Rasa missar, G.; Rasamisar, Ben. Pin.; Chauo di
Ramisa, Ma 191. - Idrisi p. 123. - Cabo Serrat.
289. Ra's al-gira (a) - Doubtful reading. Fischer reads
al-girar. - Doubtful identification. 290. Binzart (a). - Bixerti,
L. Bi. Pin.; Bezert, J. K.; Bisserti, Vesc. G.; Biserti, Ben. - =
Bizerta. 291. Ra's al-yabal (a). - Rasalgibir, K. J.; Rassagibel,
Vesc.; Rasagibel, Ben. Pin.; Rasargilbel, Mb.;
Chauo Rasascibel, Ma 190. - Idris! p. 123. - = Fischer
identifies it with Ras Sidi Ali el Mekki and Kretschmer with Ras
Zebib.
292. Tunus (a). - Tunis, L. K. Bi.; Tonis, J. G.; Tunese, Ben.
Pin.; Tunexi, Vesc.; Tunigi, Ma 189. - Tunis.
293. Qarbus (a). - Idris! p. 124. - Fischer identifies it with
Kurbes or Gurbes, to the south of Cape Zafran
16
Article Contentsp. 1p. [xvi]p. 2p. 3p. 4p. 5p. 6p. 7p. 8p. 9p.
10p. 11p. 12p. 13p. 14p. 15p. 16
Issue Table of ContentsImago Mundi, Vol. 16 (1962), pp.
i-xvi+1-166Front Matter [pp. i-ix]Foreword of the Management
Committee [p. xi]Roberto Almagi. 1884-1962 [p. xiii]The Maghreb
Chart in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana [pp. xvi+1-16]The Fra Mauro
Portolan Chart in the Vatican [pp. 17-28]The Oldest Maps of The
Netherlands; Dutch Map Fragments of about 1524 [pp. 29-32]At the
Sources of the Cartography of Russia [pp. 33-48]The Buddhist World
Map in Japan and Its Contact with European Maps [pp. 49-69]The
Mythical "First Voyage" of the "Soderini Letter" [pp. 70-75]The
Cartographer Diogo Ribeiro [pp. 76-83]A Survey of the Double-Page
Maps in Thirty-Five Editions of the "Comographia Universalis"
1544-1628 of Sebastian Mnster and in His Editions of Ptolemy's
"Geographia" 1540-1552 [pp. 84-97]Addendum: Sebastian Mnster's Map
of Prussia and the Variants of It [p. 97]The Ortelius Maps of New
Spain, 1579, and Related Contemporary Materials, 1560-1610 [pp.
98-115]Ignacio Moreira of Lisbon, Cartographer in Japan 1590-1592
[pp. 116-128]Place Names in 16th and 17th Century Borneo [pp.
129-148]A Tokugawa Map of Japan on Porcelain [pp. 149-151]The
Aitken Map of Virginia [pp. 152-156]Shorter ArticlesFour British
Manuscripts of Scientific Works by Pierre d'Ailly [pp. 157-160]A
Note from the Tall Tree Library. A Sixteenth-Century Airway Map
[pp. 160]Unrecorded Maps in Danish Collections [pp. 161-162]The
Rare and Enigmatic 1615 Second Title-Page Accompanying Sebastian
Mnster's 1614 "Cosmographey" [p. 161]
ReviewsReview: untitled [p. 163]Review: untitled [p. 163]Review:
untitled [p. 164]
Bibliography (Books Only) [pp. 165-166]Back Matter