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Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v
Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 5
Middle East and North Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 6
North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
South Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
iv 2016 The Little Green Data Book
The Little Green Data Book 2016 is based on World Development
Indicators
2016 and its online database. Defining, gathering, and
disseminating
international statistics is a collective effort of many people and
organizations. The indicators presented in World Development
Indicators are the fruit of decades of work at many levels, from
the field workers who administer censuses and household surveys to
the committees and working parties
of the national and international statistical agencies that develop
the
nomenclature, classifications, and standards fundamental to the
international statistical system. Nongovernmental organizations
have also made important contributions. We are indebted to the
World Development Indicators partners, as detailed in World
Development Indicators 2016.
The Little Green Data Book 2016 is the result of close
collaboration between the staff of the Development Data Group of
the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Environment and
Natural Resources Global Practice. Mahyar Eshragh-Tabary, Sonu
Jain, Haruna Kashiwase, Esther Naikal, William Prince, Christopher
Sall, Jomo Tariku, and Junhe Yang contributed to its preparation.
Azita Amjadi coordinated the production of the book. Barton
Matheson Willse & Worthington typeset the book. The work was
carried out under the direction of Haishan Fu and Paula Caballero.
Jewel McFadden, Nora Ridolfi, and Janice Tuten from The World
Bank’s Publishing and Knowledge Division oversaw publication and
dissemination of the book.
Acknowledgments
vThe Little Green Data Book 2016
Foreword The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) came into force
at the beginning of 2016. They build on the Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs) and articulate a new global development agenda to
eradicate poverty and shift the world onto a sustainable
development path by 2030. The SDGs are comprehensive, including
goals on poverty reduction, education, health, environment, and
peaceful and inclusive societies. The 17 SDGs and their 169 targets
are designed as a web of inter-relationships and dependencies,
where progress toward one goal can enhance progress in
others.
While only one of the MDGs was explicitly about environment (MDG7),
the SDGs put the environment on par with economic and social
concerns. The environment cuts across all the SDGs and is directly
reflected in at least seven goals.
The Little Green Data Book provides about 50 indicators for more
than 200 countries. Several of these indicators have the potential
to measure progress on the SDGs. These indicators measure the use
of resources and the way human activities affect both the natural
and the built environment. They include measures of natural
resources (forest, water, and cultivable land) as well as
degradation (pollution, deforestation, loss of habitat, and loss of
biodiversity).
Efficient use of natural resources
Implementing the SDGs requires an understanding of the
interdependencies between the economy and environment, including
the impact the economy has on the long-term health of natural
systems.
For example, SDG 12 is about sustainable production and consumption
patterns. Achieving sustainable economic growth and development
requires that we urgently reduce our ecological footprint by
changing the way we produce and consume goods and resources. One
third of the world’s total energy is consumed by the food sector;
but one third of all food that is produced is lost or wasted. The
UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that if even
one quarter of this lost food could be saved, it would be enough to
feed 870 million people and substantially reduce adverse
environmental impacts.
Adjusted net savings (ANS), presented in the The Little Green Data
Book, is an indicator of sustainability. It measures sustainability
by expanding the conventional way we measure national savings to
include natural resource depletion and degradation of the
environment as well as investments in human capital. ANS is
especially useful for countries that are heavily natural resource
dependent and can help gauge whether they are balancing the
depletion of their natural resources by investing rents in other
forms of productive capital such as human capital (see Figure
1).
Monitoring degradation
Growing populations and expanding economies have placed greater
demands on land, water, forests, minerals, and energy resources.
Efforts to reduce
vi 2016 The Little Green Data Book
Foreword
poverty and promote sustainable economic growth are undermined by
the degradation of soils, the increasing scarcity of freshwater,
the overexploitation of coastal ecosystems and fisheries, the loss
of forest cover, long-term changes in the Earth’s climate, and the
loss of biological diversity (see Figure 2). People in extreme
poverty—the roughly 700 million living on less than $1.90 a day in
purchasing power parity terms in 2015— are disproportionately
affected by these changes.
For example, poor air quality is one of the leading causes of death
worldwide, claiming the lives of more than 5.5 million people in
2013. Starting in 2014, The Little Green Data Book included two new
indicators on air pollution based on the latest improved
methodology to measure exposure and health impacts.
Where possible, estimates of the indicators are drawn from
international sources and have been standardized to facilitate
comparisons across countries. With a new, broader set of goals,
targets, and indicators, the data requirements are even greater.
This calls for greater investments in national statistical systems
and other relevant public institutions, where much of the data will
originate.
Figure 1
–5
0
5
10
15
20
25
Low-income Middle-income
Adjusted net saving, a measure of sustainability
ANS takes into account investment in human capital, depreciation of
fixed capital, depletion of natural resources, and pollution
damage. Positive savings form the basis for building wealth and
future growth. Savings rates below zero suggest declining wealth
and unsustainable development. Over the past decade, the average
ANS of low-income countries has hovered around or below zero. In
contrast, the ANS of middle-income countries has been positive and
steadily increasing over the past years.
viiThe Little Green Data Book 2016
Foreword
The Little Green Data Book is a result of close collaboration
between the Development Data Group of the Development Economics
Vice Presidency and the Environment and Natural Resources Global
Practice. We welcome suggestions on how to improve our future
editions.
Paula Caballero Haishan Fu Senior Director Director Environment and
Natural Development Data Group Resources Global Practice
Figure 2
2016.
Dramatic loss of forest in two regions barely offset by gains
elsewhere
Crucial to both the health of the planet and its diverse species
and to the livelihoods of one fifth of the human population,
forests contribute to long-term economic growth, social inclusion,
and environmental stability. Despite many efforts to protect these
areas, deforestation continues. Afforestation and reforestation
efforts need to acceler- ate to ensure forest sustainability as
defined in SDG target 15.2. While some regions have steadily
increased their forest coverage, Latin America and the Caribbean
and Sub-Saharan Africa have lost 97 million and 83 million hectares
respectively over the past 25 years. More than 16 percent of
Brazil’s original Amazonian forest has disap- peared with current
rates of loss at 2 million hectares per year. Pres- sures on
forests will continue with population growth, rapid urbaniza- tion,
and demand for food, fiber, energy, and minerals.
–100 –75 –50 –25 0 25 50
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Asia
North America
viii 2016 The Little Green Data Book
The data in this book are for the most recent year available as
noted in the glossary.
• Growth rates are calculated as annual averages and represented as
percentages.
• Figures in italics indicate data for years or periods other than
those specified in the glossary.
Symbols used:
.. indicates that data are not available or that aggregates cannot
be calculated because of missing data.
0 or 0.0 indicates zero or small enough that the number would round
to zero at the displayed number of decimal places.
$ indicates current U.S. dollars.
Lettered notes on country tables can be found in the Notes on page
230. Data are shown for economies with populations greater than
30,000 or for smaller economies if they are members of the World
Bank. The term country
(used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political
independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers
to any economy for which the authorities report separate social or
economic statistics.
The selection of indicators in these pages includes some of those
being used to monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development
Goals. For more information about the 17 goals—ending poverty,
protecting the planet, and ensuring prosperity for all by
2030—please see the other books and online resources in the World
Development Indicators 2016 family of products.
The cutoff date for data is April 26, 2016.
Data notes
1The Little Green Data Book 2016
Regional tables The country composition of regions is based on the
World Bank’s analytical regions for FY 16 and may differ from
common geographic usage.
East Asia and Pacific American Samoa; Australia; Brunei Darussalam;
Cambodia; China; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Hong Kong SAR,
China; Indonesia; Japan; Kiribati; Democratic People’s Republic of
Korea; Republic of Korea; Lao People’s Democratic Republic; Macao
SAR, China; Malaysia; Marshall Islands; Federated States of
Micronesia; Mongolia; Myanmar; New Caledonia; New Zealand; Northern
Mariana Islands; Palau; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Samoa;
Singapore; Solomon Islands; Thailand; Timor- Leste; Tonga; Tuvalu;
Vanuatu; Vietnam
Europe and Central Asia Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria,
Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Channel Islands, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece,
Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy,
Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Liechtenstein,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Slovak Republic,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan
Latin America and the Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,
Aruba, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Cayman
Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala,
Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama,
Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Sint Marrten (Dutch part), St. Kitts
and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Martin (French part), St. Vincent and the
Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos
Islands, Uruguay, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Virgin
Islands (U.S.)
Middle East and North Africa Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Arab
Republic of Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan,
Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,
Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, West Bank and
Gaza, Republic of Yemen
North America Bermuda, Canada, United States
South Asia Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal,
Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Sub-Saharan Africa Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi,
Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros,
Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire,
Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi,
Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,
Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,
Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania,
Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
10,799 8,971
32 87
12.7
2 2016 The Little Green Data Book
World Population (millions) 7,259.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km)
129,736 GDP ($ billions) 77,960.6
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
9,731 8,038
40 91
22.7
3The Little Green Data Book 2016
East Asia & Pacific Population (millions) 2,264.1 Land area
(1,000 sq. km) 24,387 GDP ($ billions) 21,468.0
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
25,424 21,296
1,200 1,136
15 85
4.8 1.2 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 9.5
4 2016 The Little Green Data Book
Europe & Central Asia Population (millions) 902.0 Land area
(1,000 sq. km) 27,441 GDP ($ billions) 23,183.8
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
9,912 8,314
14 56
5The Little Green Data Book 2016
Latin America & Caribbean Population (millions) 626.3 Land area
(1,000 sq. km) 20,042 GDP ($ billions) 6,253.5
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
8,722 6,541
4,782 2.1 9.8 3.8
32 100
16.3
6 2016 The Little Green Data Book
Middle East & North Africa Population (millions) 417.5 Land
area (1,000 sq. km) 11,236 GDP ($ billions) 3,520.1
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
54,879 46,170
100 100 100
7The Little Green Data Book 2016
North America Population (millions) 354.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km)
18,241 GDP ($ billions) 19,210.1
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
1,496 1,314
1.4
46 100
18.9
8 2016 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 1,721.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 4,772 GDP ($
billions) 2,588.7
South Asia
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
1,646 1,447
0.8
21 82
9The Little Green Data Book 2016
Population (millions) 974.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 23,618 GDP ($
billions) 1,745.2
Sub-Saharan Africa
10 2016 The Little Green Data Book
For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank’s main
criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI)
per capita. Each economy in The Little Data Book is classified as
low income, lower middle income, upper middle income, or high
income. Note: Classifications are fixed during the World Bank’s
fiscal year (ending on June 30), thus countries remain in the
categories in which they are classified irrespective of any
revisions to their per capita income data.
Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $1,045 or
less in 2014.
Lower middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita
between $1,046 and $4,125.
Upper middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita
between $4,126 and $12,735.
High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,736 or
more.
Income group tables
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
628 539 29.8
20 80
11The Little Green Data Book 2016
Population (millions) 622.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 13,366 GDP ($
billions) 397.8
Low income
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
2,018 1,752
58,647 3.1
12.4 5.5
127,030 69,507
1.5
36 93
17.2
12 2016 The Little Green Data Book
Lower middle income Population (millions) 2,878.5 Land area (1,000
sq. km) 20,327 GDP ($ billions) 5,781.1
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
7,926 6,734
39 89
23.7
13The Little Green Data Book 2016
Upper middle income Population (millions) 2,360.8 Land area (1,000
sq. km) 40,947 GDP ($ billions) 18,958.1
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
38,301 31,318
15 73
4.7 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.1 8.4
14 2016 The Little Green Data Book
High income Population (millions) 1,398.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km)
55,096 GDP ($ billions) 52,850.5
15The Little Green Data Book 2016
China
Unless otherwise noted, data for China do not include data for Hong
Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China.
Cyprus
GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to the
area controlled by the government of Cyprus.
Georgia
GNI, GDP, and population data and data calculated using GNI, GDP,
and population exclude Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia
Data for each country are shown separately where available.
However, some indicators for Serbia prior to 2006 include data for
Montenegro; these data are noted in the tables. Moreover, data for
most indicators for Serbia from 1999 onward exclude data for
Kosovo, which in 1999 became a territory under international
administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244
(1999). Kosovo became a member of the World Bank on June 29, 2009,
and its data are shown where available.
Moldova
GNI, GDP, and population data and data calculated using GNI, GDP,
and population exclude Transnistria.
Morocco
GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP include
Former Spanish Sahara.
South Sudan and Sudan
South Sudan declared its independence on July 9, 2011. Data are
shown separately for South Sudan where available. Data reported for
Sudan exclude South Sudan unless otherwise noted.
Tanzania
GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to
mainland Tanzania only.
For more information, see World Development Indicators 2016 or data
.worldbank.org.
Country tables
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
680 1,496 628 578 1,314 539 26.3 32.6 29.8
58 57 39 5.5 .. ..
389 714 315 2,021 3,066 1,601
2.1 17.5 27.5 0.0 –0.4 0.4 0.5 6.6 15.2 10 249 623 17 238 610
5 353 1,132 5 749 1,898
2.1 14,542 4,176 0.0 1.9 3.3 9.4 7.3 3.6 0.0 2.3 3.3
.. 15,440 12,570
.. 10,343 15,227
1,491 1,152 4,777 43.0 51.6 3.1
99 91 90 55 92 66 47 91 56 78 95 87 32 45 28 27 35 23 45 65
40
22 46 20 99 100 80
.. .. 6
–4.6 30.7 15.4 10.1 9.6 6.8
1.6 2.8 3.1 0.0 1.0 1.2 0.0 0.2 2.4 1.6 1.6 6.0 0.7 1.1 0.3 2.8 1.0
1.1
–18.3 18.9 0.5
Afghanistan Country
Low- income group
Population (millions) 31.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 653 GDP ($
billions) 20.0
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
4,450 25,424 7,926 3,804 21,296 6,734
56.4 70.7 61.8
28.2 38.0 28.8 0.0 –0.1 0.0 2.3 12.6 16.6
3 307 916 10 633 1,366 44 1,200 2,042
0 1,136 6,345
.. .. 49,900
.. .. 46,559
800 3,216 2,015 8.7 5.6 8.3
2,531 5,437 3,214 0.0 50.6 73.6
100.0 16.9 20.1 1.6 7.5 5.7
9,294 7,866 6,594 4.9 7.5 7.4 39 36 49 95 98 95 95 96 91 95 99 97
93 93 80 90 89 67 96 95 88
16 15 39 100 85 89
5 .. .. 5 .. ..
12.0 21.9 37.3 11.8 15.4 12.2
2.8 4.8 3.0 3.5 1.2 2.3 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.2
0.3
–1.6 9.5 23.7
Albania Country
Upper middle- income group
Population (millions) 2.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 27 GDP ($
billions) 13.2
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
5,490 8,722 7,926 4,223 6,541 6,734
70.1 63.7 61.8
4,470 3,893 1,197 1,378 2,330 4,393
0.8 2.1 28.8 –1.6 –0.9 0.0 7.9 11.7 16.6 13 203 916 14 279 1,366 40
575 2,042 18 259 6,345
100 4,782 93,147 –1.0 2.1 –1.1 14.8 9.8 5.4
1.2 3.8 8.8 .. 15,470 49,900 .. 513 46,559
1,246 2,190 2,015 0.0 0.6 8.3
1,277 2,876 3,214 99.4 89.7 73.6
0.6 3.1 20.1 3.3 6.0 5.7
289 554 6,594 74.9 133.6 7.4
59 85 49 84 93 95 82 89 91 84 96 97 88 91 80 82 87 67 90 93
88
19 32 39 100 100 89
.. .. ..
44.5 37.7 37.3 6.6 11.4 12.2 4.5 4.1 3.0
14.2 9.5 2.3 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.3
26.9 16.3 23.7
Algeria Country
Upper middle- income group
Population (millions) 38.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,382 GDP ($
billions) 213.5
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
.. 9,731 7,926
25 48 45 .. .. .. .. 922 1,197 .. 4,947 4,393
90.0 26.3 28.8 0.0 –0.2 0.0
12.6 15.6 16.6 1 891 916 8 1,095 1,366
11 1,430 2,042 1 3,453 6,345
2.6 130,639 93,147 8.3 1.3 –1.1
10.4 6.6 5.4 17.3 17.0 8.8 220 203,050 49,900 0.52 67,121
46,559
.. 2,073 2,015
.. 7.8 8.3
.. 3,568 3,214
.. 77.7 73.6
.. 13.8 20.1
.. 5.9 5.7
.. 4,525 6,594
.. 10.8 7.4
.. 72 49 100 94 95 100 90 91 100 97 97
63 77 80 63 64 67 63 87 88
.. 40 39
.. 91 89
American Samoa Country
Population (thousands) 55 Land area (sq. km) 200 GDP ($ millions)
..
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
43,270 25,424 38,301 .. 21,296 31,318
85.6 70.7 80.7
34.0 38.0 34.5 0.0 –0.1 0.0
19.5 12.6 14.6 2 307 613 2 633 1,070 0 1,200 2,311 0 1,136
2,424
.. 17,916 39,529
.. –1.2 –1.2
.. .. 84,380
.. .. 19,106
4,336 7,866 11,319 .. 7.5 7.1 .. 36 43
100 98 99 100 96 97 100 99 99 100 93 96 100 89 93 100 95 97
10 15 15 34 85 73
.. .. ..
2.4 4.8 4.7 0.0 1.2 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.2
.. 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.3
.. 0.2 0.1
.. 9.5 8.4
Andorra Country
High- income group
Population (thousands) 73 Land area (sq. km) 470 GDP ($ billions)
3.2
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
.. 1,646 7,926 3,676 1,447 6,734
43.3 37.2 61.8
889 1,476 4,393
46.4 27.7 28.8 0.2 0.5 0.0 7.0 15.3 16.6 17 891 916 26 876 1,366 50
1,996 2,042 34 3,645 6,345
442 7,242 93,147 4.5 1.8 –1.1
34.1 17.9 5.4 0.1 6.1 8.8
.. 17,980 49,900 312 28,061 46,559
655 671 2,015 56.3 58.5 8.3 227 488 3,214 29.1 65.1 73.6 70.9 20.5
20.1
1.4 0.8 5.7
6,109 3,987 6,594 0.5 3.0 7.4 21 81 49 49 68 95 28 56 91 75 87 97
52 30 80 23 23 67 89 40 88
14 21 39 90 82 89
.. 5 ..
31.8 18.8 37.3 8.4 8.0 12.2 3.6 3.2 3.0
24.2 3.8 2.3 0.0 1.4 0.8 0.3 1.9 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.3 3.0
5.5 23.7
21The Little Green Data Book 2016
Angola Country
Sub- Saharan Africa group
Upper middle- income group
Population (millions) 24.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,247 GDP ($
billions) 138.4
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
13,300 9,912 38,301 .. 8,314 31,318
24.2 79.6 80.7
20 38 30 .. .. ..
22.7 46.3 34.5 0.0 0.4 0.0 5.5 23.3 14.6
2 640 613 1 1,010 1,070
29 1,527 2,311 4 5,008 2,424
3.1 13,956 39,529 4.3 –4.1 –1.2
.. 8.7 2.7 1.4 15.5 19.3
240 20,320 84,380 8.4 41,330 19,106
.. 1,373 4,656
.. 16.2 4.6
.. 2,118 8,508
.. 42.3 60.8
572 22,162 11,319 22.1 2.4 7.1
16 72 43 98 95 99 98 84 97 98 97 99 91 83 96 91 64 93 91 88
97
16 14 15 100 56 73
.. .. ..
2.3 4.9 4.7 0.0 2.6 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.2
.. 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.3
.. 0.2 0.1
.. 7.7 8.4
Antigua and Barbuda Country
High- income group
Population (thousands) 91 Land area (sq. km) 440 GDP ($ billions)
1.2
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
13,480 9,912 38,301 10,779 8,314 31,318
91.6 79.6 80.7
13,198 4,755 19,157 4,555 4,127 5,020
9.9 46.3 34.5 1.0 0.4 0.0 6.8 23.3 14.6 40 640 613 50 1,010 1,070
39 1,527 2,311 70 5,008 2,424
834 13,956 39,529 –0.7 –4.1 –1.2 6.0 8.7 2.7 8.9 15.5 19.3
.. 20,320 84,380
.. 41,330 19,106
3,093 2,118 8,508 71.1 42.3 60.8 22.3 46.5 13.1
4.6 2.9 11.1
6,794 22,162 11,319 12.9 2.4 7.1
74 72 43 99 95 99
100 84 97 99 97 99 96 83 96 98 64 93 96 88 97
9 14 15 35 56 73
.. .. ..
.. .. .. 13 18 7
18.0 18.3 21.6 9.2 11.1 16.3 4.5 4.9 4.7 2.4 2.6 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.2
0.1 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1
10.1 7.7 8.4
Argentina Country
High- income group
Population (millions) 43.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,737 GDP ($
billions) 537.7
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
4,020 25,424 2,018 3,494 21,296 1,752
62.8 70.7 38.5
71 1,136 3,981
0.0 13.0 5.5 .. .. 127,030 .. .. 69,507
969 3,216 636 0.3 5.6 28.2
1,870 5,437 743 41.2 50.6 73.1 28.2 16.9 16.8
1.7 7.5 1.5
2,282 7,866 3,065 42.9 7.5 17.9
39 36 88 100 98 90 100 96 87 100 99 94
90 93 52 78 89 42 96 95 67
18 15 36 98 85 93
5 .. .. 9 .. ..
13.2 21.9 28.0 12.1 15.4 8.4
2.1 4.8 3.0 0.0 1.2 2.1 1.6 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.2
0.8 0.4 9.5 17.2
24 2016 The Little Green Data Book
Armenia Country
Lower middle- income group
Population (millions) 3.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($
billions) 11.6
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
.. 9,912 38,301
11 38 30 .. .. .. .. 4,755 19,157 .. 4,127 5,020
2.3 46.3 34.5 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.5 23.3 14.6
2 640 613 1 1,010 1,070
23 1,527 2,311 2 5,008 2,424
0.14 13,956 39,529 –1.0 –4.1 –1.2
.. 8.7 2.7 0.0 15.5 19.3
<50 20,320 84,380 0.71 41,330 19,106
.. 1,373 4,656
.. 16.2 4.6
.. 2,118 8,508
.. 42.3 60.8
.. 22,162 11,319
.. 2.4 7.1
.. 72 43 98 95 99 98 84 97 98 97 99 98 83 96 98 64 93 98 88
97
.. 14 15
.. 56 73
Aruba Country
High- income group
Population (thousands) 103 Land area (sq. km) 180 GDP ($ billions)
2.6
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
64,600 9,731 38,301 47,745 8,038 31,318
89.3 55.7 80.7
14.6 15.6 14.6 56 891 613 50 1,095 1,070
111 1,430 2,311 92 3,453 2,424
229 130,639 39,529 –2.1 1.3 –1.2 6.3 6.6 2.7
48.5 17.0 19.3 48,960 203,050 84,380
9,910 67,121 19,106
20,963 4,525 11,319 4.0 10.8 7.1 66 72 43
100 94 99 100 90 97 100 97 99 100 77 96 100 64 93 100 87 97
6 40 15 0 91 73 .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 17 7
24.6 37.9 21.6 17.5 15.3 16.3
5.1 2.8 4.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 2.4 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.3
0.1 8.5 22.7 8.4
26 2016 The Little Green Data Book
Australia Country
High- income group
Population (millions) 23.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 7,682 GDP ($
billions) 1,454.7
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
49,600 25,424 38,301 41,559 21,296 31,318
65.9 70.7 80.7
46.9 38.0 34.5 –0.1 –0.1 0.0 28.4 12.6 14.6
3 307 613 12 633 1,070 11 1,200 2,311 21 1,136 2,424
3.7 17,916 39,529 –1.6 –1.2 –1.2 1.3 2.9 2.7 0.0 13.0 19.3
.. .. 84,380
.. .. 19,106
8,513 5,437 8,508 20.8 50.6 60.8 65.0 16.9 13.1
7.8 7.5 11.1
6,436 7,866 11,319 6.6 7.5 7.1
3 36 43 100 98 99 100 96 97 100 99 99 100 93 96 100 89 93 100 95
97
15 15 15 88 85 73
.. .. ..
25.0 21.9 21.6 18.1 15.4 16.3
5.2 4.8 4.7 0.1 1.2 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2
0.1
11.8 9.5 8.4
Austria Country
High- income group
Population (millions) 8.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 83 GDP ($
billions) 436.9
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
7,600 25,424 7,926 5,735 21,296 6,734
54.4 70.7 61.8
13.8 38.0 28.8 –2.0 –0.1 0.0 14.0 12.6 16.6
6 307 916 18 633 1,366 12 1,200 2,042 42 1,136 6,345
1.2 17,916 93,147 –19.7 –1.2 –1.1
5.7 2.9 5.4 0.0 13.0 8.8
.. .. 49,900
.. .. 46,559
1,474 3,216 2,015 1.1 5.6 8.3
2,093 5,437 3,214 93.0 50.6 73.6
6.4 16.9 20.1 3.6 7.5 5.7
851 7,866 6,594 147.5 7.5 7.4
84 36 49 87 98 95 78 96 91 95 99 97 89 93 80 87 89 67 92 95
88
21 15 39 100 85 89
.. .. ..
40.7 21.9 37.3 5.1 15.4 12.2 2.6 4.8 3.0
19.6 1.2 2.3 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.3
17.8 9.5 23.7
Azerbaijan Country
Upper middle- income group
Population (millions) 9.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 83 GDP ($
billions) 75.2
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) CO2 emissions per
capita (metric tons) Water and sanitation Internal freshwater
resources per capita (cu. m) Total freshwater withdrawal (% of
internal resources) Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population) Rural (% of
rural population) Urban (% of urban population) Access to improved
sanitation (% of total population) Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population) Environment and health PM2.5
pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) PM2.5 exposure (% pop.
exceeding WHO guideline level) Acute resp. infection prevalence (%
of children under five) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under
five) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) National
accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross
savings (% of GNI) Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI) Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI) Net forest depletion (% of GNI) CO2
damage (% of GNI) Air pollution damage (% of GNI) Adjusted net
savings (% of GNI)
20,980 9,912 38,301 19,438 8,314 31,318
82.8 79.6 80.7
1 38 30 .. .. ..
13.3 23.3 14.6 6 640 613 7 1,010 1,070
44 1,527 2,311 8 5,008 2,424
11.9 13,956 39,529 –1.9 –4.1 –1.2
.. 8.7 2.7 0.4 15.5 19.3
3,150 20,320 84,380 875 41,330 19,106
.. 1,373 4,656
.. 16.2 4.6
.. 2,118 8,508
.. 42.3 60.8
1,827 22,162 11,319 .. 2.4 7.1 .. 72 43
98 95 99 98 84 97 98 97 99 92 83 96 92 64 93 92 88 97
11 14 15 85 56 73
.. .. ..
.. .. .. 12 18 7
6.7 18.3 21.6 7.7 11.1 16.3 3.8 4.9 4.7 0.0 2.6 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.2 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 2.3 7.7 8.4
29The Little Green Data Book 2016
Bahamas, The Country
High- income group
Population (thousands) 383 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 10 GDP ($
billions) 8.5
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) Adjusted net national
income per capita ($) Urban population (% of total) Agriculture
Agricultural land (% land area) Agricultural irrigated land (% of
total agricultural land) Agricultural productivity, value added per
worker (2005 $) Cereal yield (kg per hectare) Forests and
biodiversity Forest area (% land area) Deforestation (avg. annual
%, 2000–15) Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Threatened species, mammals Threatened species, birds Threatened
species, fish Threatened species, higher plants Oceans Total
fisheries production (thousand metric tons) Capture fisheries
growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %,
2000–14) Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) Coral
reef area (sq. km) Mangroves area (sq. km) Energy and emissions
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) Energy from biomass
products and waste (% of total) Electric power consumption per
capita (kWh) Elec