-
Abarbanel and the Censor*
FEW biblical commentaries have been accorded the acclaim
andFpopularity enjoyed by Don Isaac Abarbanel's commentary on
thePentateuch.' Later Jewish exegetes, including S. D. Luzzatto, M.
L.Malbim, and D. Z. Hoffmann, cite extensively from it.2 But
Abar-banel's sphere of influence was not limited to Jewish circles;
hiscommentaries exercised a lasting influence on the Christian
world aswell.3 With a tolerance unprecedented in the history of
biblicalexegesis, he did not hesitate to draw freely upon Christian
sources.4When citing Christians, his comments occasionally took the
form ofan acute polemic which the Church found embarrassing and
offensive.The Church retaliated via censorship of his works.
* I wish to express my gratitude to Professor MOSHE GREENBERG of
the Univer-sity of Pennsylvania, who read the typewritten draft and
suggested many valuableimprovements. Moreover, it was due to his
initial encouragement that this paperwas written.
I Although modem scholarship (via GRAETZ and BAER) has adopted
the spellingAbravanel, the traditional pronunciation and spelling,
Abarbanel, has beenpreferred throughout this discussion. Cf. B.
NETANYAHU, Don Isaac Abravanel(Philadelphia, 1953), appendix A, p.
261, who admits that Don Isaac's son Judah"seems to have insisted
on the form Abarbanel". Further support in favour of thisform
appears in Elijah Levita's ':ViII Ino, published at Isny in 1541.
It wasvocalised by Levita himself and includes a list of corrigenda
which takes intoaccount errors in vocalisation, also prepared by
Levita, as he indicates both in hisintroduction (T1nn nvnpn) and in
the list of corrections. Levita (1468-1549)was a younger
contemporary of Abarbanel, and taught at Padua from 1504-8,the very
years during which Abarbanel, then at the peak of his fame, was
residingat the neighbouring Venice. Even if he was not in direct
contact with any of theAbarbanels, it is a fair assumption that
Levita was familiar with the correctpronunciation of their name. In
t J¶1 *DO, under the heading 1::, he citesAbarbanel and vocalises
IZ: . Under the heading Zni '1*t, he
vocalises'7ttNE:1838.NETANYAHU'S otherwise full treatment neglects
Levita's vocalisation,although it had been alluded to, albeit with
a slight error of transcription, in anearlier work. See H. LoEWE in
J. B. TREND and H. LOEWE, Isaac Abravanel-SixLectures (Cambridge,
1937), p. xx. It might also be noted that M. GASTER, as citedibid,
p. x, preferred the pronunciation Abarbanel. The etymological
significance ofthe name remains uncertain. See now NETANYAHU'S 2nd
edition (1968), p. 261.
2 Malbim, in the introduction to his commentary on Joshua,
states that onlyAbarbanel and several of his contemporaries
"succeeded in instilling a living spiritinto Scripture in accord
with the plain sense".
3 Most of Abarbanel's commentaries were translated into Latin.
There werenumerous Christian admirers and many who opposed his
theological views, butall perused his writings diligently. Cf.
NETANYAHU, op. cit., pp. 251 and 323.
4 On one occasion, after having cited the opinions of both
Jewish and Christianscholars, Abarbanel adds: "Truthfully, I find
their [the Christians'] interpretationmore satisfying than all the
interpretations ofthe aforementioned Jewish scholars".Commentary on
Early Prophets (Jerusalem, 1955), p. 520.
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THE JOURNAL OF JEWISH STUDIES
It is intended here to trace the history of Abarbanel's
commentaryon Deuteronomy; to show while so doing that Abarbanel's
com-mentary on the Pentateuch, as we have it, is an expurgatedtext;
and to restore the censored passages of the commentary
onDeuteronomy.Ab arbanel conceived and began writing his commentary
on
Deuteronomy even before completing his first major work,
the>ni rvi nis.5 Various financial responsibilities interrupted
hisexegetical work, and in a letter of 1472, addressed to Yehiel of
Pisa,he pledged to complete his commentary as soon as time
wouldpermit. The unfinished manuscript was lost during
Abarbanel'sflight from Portugal in 1483. In 1495 Abarbanel arrived
at Corfu,where he discovered a copy ofhis unfinished commentary on
Deutero-nomy.6 With renewed spirit, he vowed that he would complete
hiscommentary, expanding and revising it. The task was finally
completedon 6th February, 1496 at Monopoli, the Adriatic seaport
which thenbelonged to the Kingdom of Naples.7The editio princeps of
Abarbanel's commentary on Deuteronomy
was published posthumously at Sabbionetta, Italy, in 1551.8 It
wasentitled nivzn rn:nn by the author.9 The editio princeps of
Abar-banel's commentary on the other four books of the Pentateuch
ap-peared together with the commentary on Deuteronomy at Venice
in
5 Most scholars have assumed Abarbanel's t'31PT nIY to represent
his firstliterary effort. NETANYAHU, op. cit., p. 268, note 34,
proves that the 1TTIISMlO10C71 appeared earlier.
6 Abarbanel writes in his introduction to Deuteronomy:m:ni rND
=vmS rwDp 'xb =S "r m n5unrm t3, :L5n -,m onnllnrnvWl rnins vnr ntn
nm)n rln'D: 'nrY,iv nt)'ID D'p5S' nn'n,1'* :=D mvin *,rnl l+:: x3
rD'm n7mml *1 n7pWn in nlp'rin
1*5s tr5SS n'55s rnlDD' UnnY rrnD8 nvunSD7 See the colophon to
the commentary on Deuteronomy.8 It was the first Hebrew book
published at Sabbionetta, and it was printed by
Tobias Foa. For a complete listing of the works published at
Sabbionetta, and anaccount of the Foa publishers, see ABRAHAM
YAARI, '1O '¶71?Z (Jerusalem,1958), pp. 323-419. Cf. DAVID W.
AMRAM, The Makers ofHebrew Books in Italy(Philadelphia, 1909), pp.
288-305.
9 See Abarbanel's In v'n1IXV8 lZnl nllXV (Venice, 1574), where
he listsby title all the works composed by himself. This list is
appended to Abarbanel's
lznrfl D132 (Rodelheim, 1828). In it the commentary on
Deuteronomy is notdesignated with a specific title. The later
printed editions of Abarbanel's commen-tary on the Pentateuch,
which incorporated the commentary on Deuteronomy,refer to it as
1m38;1i ;',iX 100 tVlD-D; But cf. Abarbanel's commentary onEzek.
xxxiv: 24, where he cites the m.tV;I rl by me.
50
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ABARBANEL AND THE CENSOR
1579.10 It is this latter edition that became the vorlage for
all printededitions of Abarbanel's nrrinn vnv, the most recent
editions ofwhichl' are faithful reproductions of the Venice edition
with onlyminor variations, mostly printers' errors that have
accrued throughthe years.We are now confronted with the problem of
ascertaining the de-
pendability of the Sabbionetta and Venice editions, and
determiningwhether or not they were faithful reproductions of
Abarbanel'sautograph copy. No holograph of a work by Abarbanel is
known toexist. The only way in which we can proceed is to compare
the firsttwo editions ofAbarbanel's commentary on Deuteronomy (the
secondbeing included in the Venice edition of the nrirn tz,v,). One
can alsosubject Abarbanel's commentary to internal criticism,
seeking todetermine whether or not it is likely, or even possible,
that Abarbanelcould have written what our printed text exhibits.'2A
comparison of the first two editions clearly indicates that all
our present editions of Abarbanel are abridged through
censorship.
10 NETANYAHU, Op. cit., p. 325, lists all the first editions of
Abarbanel's works,except for the commentary on Deuteronomy. He
mentions only the Venice editionof Abarbanel's commentary on the
Pentateuch (and hence Deuteronomy), eventhough at the bottom of the
very same page he states that "first editions werealways
consulted". Indeed, nowhere in his book does NETANYAHU distinguish
thefle!N M=M from the commentary on Deuteronomy which was included
in theVenice 1579 edition. This is all the more remarkable
considering that almost everyearlier work on Abarbanel mentions the
;flVnnI n317. Cf. JACOB S. MINKIN,Abarbanel and the Expulsion of
the Jews from Spain (New York, 1938), p. 221;TRENDr and LOEWE, op.
cit., p. 78, plate III. Since the ilWUn;l 3 reflects a morecomplete
text of the commentary on Deuteronomy than does the Venice
edition,NETANYAHU'S omission is not insignificant (as will be
further shown below) andshould be rectified, particularly since
NETANYAHU'S work remains the definitivestudy of Abarbanel.
11 See below in this paper, p. 54 for details regarding two
recent editions. In1959, a photograph (3 vols.) of an earlier
printed edition was issued by the Saphro-graph Co., New York.
12 Some minor but obvious additions are: (a) the opening words
to the com-mentary on Deuteronomy, which read: 7"'21 7xnn prar
fli-T1*11on(b) the colophon to the commentary on Genesis, which
reads:
lviv?z1nil I)DUJ13nPn *nou1t ,D'll *nMnn 51!)N n;v= mlSm 'rnn
rn17mD mv tnilom Qonnviznim nn0 r7Snr nx) nzlsn2m n~h7wn
*Inx n7n* 2 *inosn ri,=The year 5282 (1522) was fourteen years
after Abarbanel's demise. A printer'serror must be precluded
because of the complementing -Xj The passage isclearly a copyist's
addition to the text. This was first noted by DE RossI;
seeConforte's nirT"I wiljP, ed. CASSEL (Berlin, 1846), p. 29b, n.
5. CompareNETANYAHU, op. cit., p. 288, n. 16.
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THE JOURNAL OF JEWISH STUDIES
The Sabbionetta edition, although on the whole comparing
favourablywith the Venice edition, contains references to political
events con-temporary with the author, as well as references to
Christianity ingeneral and its founder in particular, that did not
find their way intothe Venice (and hence all future) editions. That
later editions ofAbarbanel's commentaries were both censored and
confiscated by theChurch has long been established.13 It can now be
asserted that thevery first edition of the commentary on the entire
Pentateuch was alsoa censored text. The Sabbionetta edition of the
nnmn nr:nn- preservesthe original text of the commentary on
Deuteronomy. Many of thecopies were later censored, with the
expurgated passages beingblotted out with dark ink.'4 Whether or
not the Sabbionetta editionwas itself a faithful copy of the
holograph is difficult to determine.When one considers the length
of time that had elapsed between theauthorship and printing (over
fifty years), and the difficult circum-stances that encompassed the
Jews of Italy in the sixteenth century,it appears likely that the
original manuscript underwent numerouschanges of hand, and that its
copyists inadvertently introduced errorsinto it. The editors of the
Sabbionetta edition confessed their difficultyin coping with the
many errors in the manuscript they used.'5 Further-more, there are
occasional unwarranted lacunae in the text whichseem, both
structurally and contextually, to indicate an intentionalomission
by the printer.16 The printers may have exercised self-censorship
in order to protect themselves-a phenomenon not
13 Thus in 1753 two Church censors, Ruffini and Venturini,
requested that all ofAbarbanel's works be prohibited because in one
of them he had expressed certainoffensive ideas. In 1738,
Abarbanel's nnilin 17 ttliY'D was allowed to circulate;in 1748 it
was forbidden; in 1753 it was once again permitted. See WILLIAM
POPPER,Censorship ofHebrew Books (New York, 1899), p. 121, n. 463,
and p. 124. Cf. A.BERLINER, W'1il ElNnM (Jerusalem, 1949), Vol. II,
pp. 49, 69-73. Cf. L.RABINOWITZ in TREND and LOEWE, op. cit., p.
88, who notes that the popes did notallow Abarbanel's commentary on
Isaiah to be studied.
14 The copy of the MIFlZn ='I73 at the New York Public Library
was ex-punged by the notorious censor Fra Luigi da Bologna, and
bears his dated auto-graph. On his activity, cf. POPPER, Op. Cit.,
pp. 99, 101, 145, and plate IV. Of thethree copies at the Hebrew
University in Jerusalem, only one is uncensored.
15 See end of 71=7X n1=?n where Joseph b. Jacob Ashkenazi, one
of theprinters, writes: ". . . it is true that he [Abarbanel] wrote
a commentary on theother four books of the Pentateuch, which
however has not come into my posses-sion . . . and when I examined
it carefully, I found the manuscript before mereplete with
errors."
16 This assumption is strongly supported by the incoherency of
flow betweenthe words before and after the lacunae. Occasionally,
the missing link is easilyrestored, as in expurgated passage no. 33
below.
52
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ABARBANEL AND THE CENSOR
uncommon in the early days of the Hebrew printed book.17
SamuelArchevolti, the proof-reader of the Venice edition, also
noted thepoor condition of his manuscript, especially the section
containingthe commentary on Exodus.
Since the editio princeps of the commentary on Deuteronomy is
nolonger readily available to the general public, the expurgated
wordsand passages are reprinted below for the benefit of the
reader. Manyof the passages throw new light on various aspects of
Abarbanel'sthought. Itmay suffice to mention that several scholars
have marvelledat Abarbanel's seemingly sympathetic view of
Ferdinand, despite thelatter's role in the expulsion of the Jews
from Spain.18 One of theexpurgated passages that appears below is
of particular importancein that it is the only passage in all
ofAbarbanel's writings that reflectsa diabolical image of
Ferdinand.19 The historical significance of thevarious passages
dealing with apostates, conversos, mixed marriage,and Christianity
is self-evident.A scholar who wrote during the first decade of the
present century
aptly remarked that "the censors of the Church have inkedthe
pages in thousands of volumes and the paper has provedmore durable
than the ink, for the ink has faded and the once deletedprinted
words are now again legible, to prove that Dominicolerosolomitano,
Fra Luigi da Bologna and Giovanni Dominico
17 This suggests a possible explanation for an otherwise
difficult passage inIbn Verga's f1)1;1 0210 BAER-SHOCHET edition,
Jerusalem, 1947, p. 120. Thispassage reads:nwttSD2 IrlzxI:It nr7;1m
PlUX -112;1 writv X~l7t ,;1m On13.= -n:;:17 ...
*lnm nsY riwi iz7 ,Oh OnJ1: ulQ} n1rni1nSHOCHET correctly notes
that Ibn Verga has mistakenly substituted Judah for
Isaac; and he refers the reader to Abarbanel's commentary on
Deut. xxviii:15 ff., adding that the passage in question discusses
the expulsions in general terms,whereas Ibn Verga claims it
discusses them in greater detail. Chapter 28 containsseveral
expurgated passages, and it is possible that the printers applied
self-censorship for obvious political considerations and deleted
the very passage thatIbn Verga had seen in manuscript form. Since
the =7l;rr was probably writ-ten and published before the
Sabbionetta edition appeared (BAER suggests 1550),Ibn Verga could
only have seen the fuller manuscript ofAbarbanel's commentaryon
Deuteronomy. For another approach to this problem, see Usque's
Consolationfor the Tribulations of Israel, trans. by MARTIN A.
COHEN (Philadelphia, 1965),appendix B, p. 286.
18 See L. RABINOWITZ in TREND and LOEWE, op. cit., p. 89, and n.
19 below.19 NETANYAHU, op. cit., pp. 185-6 and especially p. 312,
n. 163, adduces this very
passage (the abridged text as it appears in the Venice edition)
among others, insupport ofhis contention that Abarbanel does not
exhibit anywhere in his writingsa personal animosity toward
Ferdinand. Had the editio princeps been consulted,this passage
could not have been adduced.
53
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THE JOURNAL OF JEWISH STUDIES
Carretto (three of the most active expurgators) lived and inked
invain."20
* * *
The expurgated passages are most meaningful when read in
con-text. In order to facilitate the insertion ofthe expurgated
passages intothe received texts, the parallel loci in the Venice
edition (and allsubsequent editions) are cited according to the
pagination of theJerusalem 1964 edition, txrix = tri nimsi, 3 vols.
(the mostrecent, and finest of the three editions of Abarbanel's
commentary onthe Pentateuch which have appeared during the last
decade), as well asaccording to the somewhat erratic pagination of
the Warsaw 1862edition (reissued by Torah Vadaath Publishers,
Jerusalem, 1955), anedition that has received wide circulation. The
pagination of theSabbionetta and Warsaw editions allow for four
columns per num-bered page. Thus:
*tr/v niuv b :n aD,UlDO5="
41`1721,nrlri '9*,M'7 ;*rtG l DID1=l"-Sabbionetta edition, page
2, column 1 = 1 ,= :o"-
Warsaw edition, page 3, column 4 = 4 ,1 :-7
Words preceding a square bracket (D are introductory only,
andappear in all editions. Abarbanel's prolixity rendered it
impracticalto identify the passages by the biblical chapter and
verse which theywere intended to elucidate.
*'fl5~~~ ~lul x =T1TP '7. T"I'i z
tntr~~~nnvivx-l.-T,ml- ,"n1rzi,1=r: !';;r1r,w:c 1m
nz rXrel~ =*ND MinmlD81Dbt vinn3m1nrVIknnrInn7r -ni*I1 * *wl
nu'b1mZ'n1nn M-n
20 AmRAm, op. cit. (note 8), p. 193.
54
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ABARBANEL AND THE CENSOR
.3 jt: 1-' ; 1 ::-"5; 4 1: D t (2* * :* 11lx V ['n5 wnmwj7nn
pmDrn
.3 "Ill; 23l :,?' ; 4 nmD-7 (3hZb DnX1M 'n -pnri Dnn D 1iru7y
[1n2n DWmi IT NUY7 [wn' ninimn D1r:' nin'ri U3'X pbl lwn"51
msrom1l17*un~Dn ) 13'?ZVny
* 3"* MW* 133nr:X m:M 131nb b Y
***niibXii [Y'DW1-in-T'ImD
1112IR[row Irv-* ** m'ln P[nvb nltvn xnn M5v
*.*n*vrnm7 nnn¶nm 1nlx[h
.2m..,'l'T; 2 71 :irc] ; 2n[:D,r (4* . . nnn tDnl mnIIX3 [nix,
bTnrn wnwn hImp
*4 M" : Il''; 2 13 :: "tn7; I MD : o n1 (5*Imniv** inmf [nrls-m1
n lD flx n*=?l w'x:-
. . .7X nirn [sic]Cyt[SiC V5X [1 nn1zm n= nxIM
*4 m : -1'; 1 1:Ill; I MvD 0nvnT(6Dll -T-m r-ix 5:nbm;*=-in arn
mve N=r ninn 7n u+nrmb
*nW *3 *Yn' 771X31)mu73n [MM- zlM mn nnx":W=rnc,*xtbtxnt1
DIDt713M nlMl D3n 13n)HlXDr"I E3n'7 DDl XDrn DlX:
* *3D;'02 EY:TNX [sic] D -T5X [I-FMV D=5= nnb*Xn- ni'll Drmn
Dn'T nIlnix DuRnU'IM J-11 nn1- pSI MIN Y1711 [111111= 1"a Wl'mn
I'rnrinbi mvvn In D,-niw rnm wm7m ;*nxm Dw xn rn tvrrnbm nx
* *D: nx 1x=n 111M*Wn DnIx XM t3"D Mnll-,Dt3MUX nv=1
*4 M": IYn; 2 ,tl:v-" ; 2 mn : D n' (7* ** Dmnx [sic] D nbXm [1
n sipi
***nm-r -)In zi-rn 75Dn ixs Dtrllmn [5sv nnMeD7mvv
55
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THE JOURNAL OF JEWISH STUDIES
.2 =,, : i-" ; 2 u,tDl: ""; I =D : 03s8 (8ti,ti nimx nirn "t-X
rn nm nx n2 n-irr rn,r v [trm-ni *,ninotx nxt mp, tt n1pai ,- nnpl
bx tml i nntmn-ii =)-ftX 'X sxnvbY1 MYrD uY1 YToVYmnienib nxbt
tIY'M KI'm Xv1 inv nx K!tDi:nnt-r Yn Yw unuxnx riYtm:tinntf T-wm Yv
mnmnx
*.** nnmnt nnt: inUinr1v ;tivn;i
.2 , ':y- ;1 , 0 :1 D ; 1 :: "` (9xmi mo rnnin 1iin xni mvnnmh
nr , [snic [n o.x mKvw7pnnlSxD' MbUIP 11-if * I'M m=Yb =v17 MXV
t3l%)n -Ibt oltx n= xljp?zYv nnxSrii-mbw inni nn nXt rinn njivrnv
nxt 18:Y' 1mm 0n
-imn -mynns nit*wn nninn *=5:pn mm -, inntm xb nmu innl
-nbtn
...,nz;,1NVr flK~T'~P n~1,'.I.. ;,V1n;IM T;,0
it'1,7 *`Ki *T nn1xV nnxm*=jpV nt n nnin 7?m' ti*pYn nnb1 ntnnl
[ninn 'n"In 'I= X~ 'D
X5v MmI t3mvi-Imn *rlv pr'n DY -n trx'2171n-li-lNl 7mnn ;'5ynnmn
nmtv ipDD rml ti5Ynnb *n," X nn nypn 131pn hn ron
.2 ,1-:l; I Do: "'8T; 2 nD : o-r (I0rnniv vcbm n mx vn m"
-
ABARBANEL AND THE CENSOR
* ** 111"nntn rm olDW1131 012T nk7 :) nvw, rrYl -Irnn,nv ;ivv-
mvpr men mv n xrn [nriym mb mm nYr7 tt5n...irK~~mn~~v~-i~ ~ ~
~rn,m..rlzvl
o~~~~~~***i,-j Iz ii mnxfl
** * Mnnl on Mi [z,,r,ln ivlmzmn.1 ,i :Y.5; 2 lp "; 4 n::t)-
(14
DY nx-i miv :blS in,¶ mn i-ri,nnrl xzl -ij,t tvn%ln [,n,nn
.4 ,T5:Y'i ; 1 ,rn7p :"Tn ; 1 ,*r:~"T(l1
.4 :Y'Z ; 1 I':; 1 ,v: o-" (16* Ir-vDUnQ: [*,rn nn;Um n?z'l r" n
Do1
*..**~p'ni :D l nz3'tun v~ [osin l: zn n [snmn
n-rn~~~~~~ ~z~~n 1101Vin nm -yin, -.7:7VT,I- J~l17n*rW* *lv?zClv
[M"N'llpi J sn u7ZK1
-I 1in :. v-; 2-1 1lvi: -"7 ; 4 ,tY: t) .. (17*T * *.r'non-lnl
['zin nvii* il~*n vntp Mb aomvDl= -n*n wortnn [mm ,: xvnn
'nzinn
vlxnmin hx [[ v anmn sann x nQx vm'n m-jvp rn l
n.Zli** * TiDr1CIolnDnDn OnlOQ: IN MO8U 2:OXnmm O OW lnp Xnl-p
lX;lt nimn-lm,:vn: rnx" n:nn * xis ?-in -n:n Dn -inX' X~mrio "nni
1x5:? 1* niwvl U13t3 n,n nnjpb mran ux [sic] r-*xb nDninm nnol-ion
nnr xbi awn nip-r:sz xi= xl pmaz xS nn5 xvi Ira pin,zn;
mtvorin*n,,onnntnnz nmin innivnin in nn nvm *lnns nnmnn
*~~~~~~~~~ **,01f'l?mV5r Qr~r~'w
-I t -lt t; 1 :n-1-2 -- ;2or:7 t (18
'MIn'll[17**71,1-lusn7nn~mnx
.2 ,T?3: r,T ; I1vRr:,,7t; 3 ,OY : o-'T (19* ,11*"pn:13*111 Ongx
*rn [,z nvYnl7 'IM-
57
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THE JOURNAL OF JEWISH STUDIES
.2 Tn : r" ; I nn :"n ; 1 D: o- (20D.tn '17n1 3nDn 21jV,XnIt2
[=%Vn :
.3 in:1-7 ; 1 j :n " ;32,) : o"- (21
...~~~ nrn L'flLD MflTflj [ran2k'Dm
.2 nn :r-; 2,Tn:i r ;4 mD :"7 (22... i :D,'nn['n ranD [rinnz
:nri
.2 vrn"'t 2 ,itU 3 m7 ;2t,:t (23ntn nwYr .In Inn= xsrim tntsun
nnn [nil ins xY1nw
21vi SxeTmn Aquin,mnSumm elgc, SuinrlY q6rlD a. 1 an1Yd,7I
a2 vn.1;05,a.4. 3 z D-7 (24wn:~~~~"ISN'b 1:7DsZnnDr1? Trnx MDrn
IM 41In [nVV- MM7nzY1
nz17MIsn7111nr1Y Mn VIVn171nmp7 n"nmli x mi nin
.2 ,7:1-7 ; 2 ,in : "'87; 4 s:w o-7 (25****l:;lX S' 7111;'l:n
ornDY nrl';l [lnXiv -11yn r'm-1 5n I,,-
nnn.n s nv bxntr rn nrjxv n,nin i7tn, tnnn7:DYnive -ii-bYv'7
rmnx nriri=r -nplz7n x7 n §7=+ raix ;* I,xv Yn
*7 Io=ntheWnrs n on, th n aio tarnt againItnhntnumber1 aftrpy
50t:n.wn: *1= z nnnn n mbri nimn nIln= I'I'v= nr bxlMID1 Xs7 I'x
r-IM 77 n M XItW 'n bY Mt IV-1- pD nMI MMMMn MM-nC:neNxnexI?3mY
DVIn ntM nID31 171 x=31101,nn Inf,1tn: v:n1vzn1
.3 Iu"T;1 ,,,r/; 2 *zs : o- (26
InI"tX:btn SD/ (27
*ii*iv * n'-7Uprl wwricr'pvl [wnn71; wU1nyn= itnriv,xvtvnnmmn
~bt rml nn'7 nlDX2tv win rnznt,lur xvnt mnlxti m1 i3r
21 See Thomas Aquinas, Suimma Theologica, Suppl., q. 67, a. I
and 3, cf. laIlae, q. l05, a. 4.
*In the Warsaw edition, the pagination starts again with the
number I afterpage 50.
58
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ABARBANEL AND THE CENSOR
=rnt is n trt' wrY Xv -rY nnuvwl trox nllpl :13,1 -T'vllm' nvi
In irs, nowjp t3vx1 li'imn11X n1Dtronmn wnrw: trz5mn
1+l'rnnil vzm pbl in-*mb Qltv-ip iw arntn p t3, wrn.2 ,, : ..T;
1 ,:a, :"-T ;3 ,r%: t)- (28
.rI'ns: i:a [' rnzD a** *Invirr[vim[m
...~n',n trwn, v, [,: rlnm :bYb.2 ,1 :-"T ; 1,i: ""t; 3;2 ,:t;"
(29
:*:n mrY X'ln*r'l WIMD n"'f1Qnxni vs n'=p.in:m:ly[rD
M'Xl l ...W3"nfl,l ~tl= I: 13tlV-l -?X~n ,jp, -j flnl1t,[
+ *, .nbn nf¢nl XINZ[.,Y nnx73j nT= X5%
.4,1: "'t; I vn:I-T ; 2 j : o"-r (30JbYnIM tWitnnn3bY lnm Mr n
-i nn It [rmm7 IxYn x6
...iln nnntv3 ,?p :v ;t1nn,j :nr* ;e Yn= rl"(32nr nn MIM-1': 1X3
3WIIm)nln [nl7l= MR11 I-111M 12V MX+
nnijnx *5i ta;n*x tmn rnz=vvi ari-nn fn*= nr?, nry =mxtn,,7v
n1nx p'7 rnznbm rm*vi nsun innnxn pntnn vnn n tnnlih:x pnrnn Dmp
xnalmmn rnn'n x17 In 1rlml2 nnx nw-r x~ntx5nnvf nrnlY tsY r,ovn
tviv pxi rY -nRxi nrnnn r1rim
trivy=~~*n~*t sn-riIn?:'1 vnxnnjl5;1 sn[-tplmnD -lim nls5mnx
trun iDnti trnn z tinum Yu-n zv* rnn mb tri-,t rim lrnYanrl r7Dn
snQnl"IMM =72nnx ftmr7Y n*+Y u 'l MMt bhn
13'X%lrIT1n3nlsnnYMVUT3itlrnIenIMl=7 Wn nt -ilnx -IV t3"T,-1Y r
5n= 5:Xb 1-1-?.t nm =1 X2V M11n ll'X MVnV YlYln Xb Dnn,7
t31:121171=1 'tOW11;l tlXNS KIM il= 15bW M17t.3 t: : I-T; I ,wb :
... t; 3 ,tp : tC-r (31
* )'* w* n b Y MlTn3vil DPWX [nllnn1:31Drvilsm¢; linn
*3 tU:I... ; 1 ,inl: -'t; 3 =p,: o.. (32tv* rntv n-r bY 1'U2Yv
onMrD32 MsXtInn 1311tmn 8olgn p5n [-In:)
59
-
THE JOURNAL OF JEWISH STUDIES
01121IM1n 1nDID n1Y1nmm -1- oviv I'mbnX::5ninmml *S1wr nW
ivY1n nownv pm=X Irwin jrnmn piniv nni mQ rrim1 niumm13,1m :n bY
-.*spmnv1nrr'In I-rm-1 -inx mwnl *:r1ll wUlnrm-ini? I11nv
xrnmliinxnn nynY7 *xm-i irim In nmrin nvi Inmetpz mvr nmYDn nnnwv
pi inumutYn ur nI-rrv=nXibrrmnm7M-,nI nIDY 7D,-177n X~MIM tDIIIII2
MDb IVIV rilIbMN m1=It lWiYn
*. wtvnnrm17
.4 1 :l- t;2 n: T;3 p O WT7 (33
t3nj--=j irnmDnno [lacuna] rnnnx temn nx 3YDnSDmmv 3vDDonn tnnm
I5Dlwn Drnm mnzn rm-nmxIlU'mtri-manzrimm:rm*v triv trrhnm mmm nx
lDn Ini m3l7mvr inrmr xnm [lacuna]*zsv 1113= 131311DI C3111m Mb1 nl
13,x,231 13-%I-tp ImItt, rzmxbMMn MITITInVt1Y3 nRxH VVDMIDDl
13'ZY13M 11-712 nt 'nnx jW7
nnnxmm nbttx nD nD;lm -7w m;lmY l;lriX mW*lnxin phj~
*nmmt,xIzNznbml mriz mmrx IWI* t:x In*I:rntn n tin mnn.nn x~t3yn.
nt m-,Tvtr-I7n1n -nMf mn t3I7DI M-1V t3V xh= nxIpx=rm -iiDi nonmx
5mi nit *x tnrrznm IrmY Im nmm mmz t3*mmm n"n= iD x5iX5m rrmvibt 5y
-nrxi nv Iinnm -n: mn ir8nnI
1lv1- in, D13, -lnQ nl-T5m rnm?zv ilimXt5n~=1p '1, 1m*l ;523 wl
mnmin Ins IYnVI nnwx Min Tni wnmmn 15x t3v M5= I"DDn5nnn *: DnDnol
*M-f7x 115 5=ub b:nx ninix min pl w!rvn 15xntl -I.-nV Mnn XVI 15ND
ItV= nMn nzn- Sx 95M TH11P WI n:n7ISX -It= n:DMO Ilnmn'5X71 MV=
nn"- nM-11V 910 -79 x5H : 'lXIIp M1,105 rniswril m5rritmInxpn rn"n
xnrl07 Inr mnftrininrn:Imx3p5 a-nx insy= 1-nnm t3v,n *1mz m5mln
an:n-r niDv p7Dl 1-nn1111 eMVI nMM 5VIn -IM5M2lb'YDX= M117nU tVX "D
-MMV Vll;1vy,v I'7 x5i lDXm ,ln-71 vX nv mnn iv Inn trn nv::5
m-r5mr,nt uY +51lpn 5X`IV r-nx 5DtV `151= r-nx 5nX mMI ~ng t3-r
n3=Mp-InZ nWT51Y11:::nel8+Tn Dnnl1 nnntC1''5Y nn: xnl 'IpM n9D0 15
MnnW-ft nnxH IM-15 nn11Wn
nlMx:, nnllnVnjV TI n 1nnm -p,TrjZnn -nnx [lacuna] t3V 7Y jpDD
'5.
60
-
ABARBANEL AND THE CENSOR
'2V1: MWflW ,15 'jDl 1rDu ~1n nTI 'p3 ¶lNnVI' UJl8
Y5uD1rYrlnmxvii 12zmw Ip nloo n1Dlrnmi evn,nx uminx1D ri-Y*n
myrmi m rr-i t .I nism rm rri~ n9m m3ni~1v ~ vinvii
xoni lbnm mrv mnv, rnx cil1 i,Tn.:" nrf2,1V *"p'rt1 in (34
i?m lrti1D: DU1 :C: D.nliu vmnDsnri n vm ninrin'IRVr imnn mm mn
n* 73rno-Y - nm 'nw*nr,nn ny ;*
'DM= n11D1 WM ID "' nXIN eMlng,71 InVV 13,711b
VnZ'IYIl:DR*"ND.1X$YIT nnTI'TI ":flsZ0n 'n17D n"k KT'n:
TIflnTIHY1elnnnlUnbY llDS nDlb
11"D
nlY
n m IVIID I'n 13y'YT.1 2n :V'T; 2V:w: 7; 1 7 : 0: (34
Illcnal::x: Ml= 1nulD3w1m InIoD n-,m [n't n,YD ,-nrx, nisY -7mix
u xm, n:nn mnienir nmi nr, -nnn nisY -7:lm1I? hD $YD "nMxbIMIDnl?Mn
$YD bx TIMM"xY IDnI*lM31mun nh: ~YD 1-inn mv,ni x"n n:nnl n*TlbDr
tinn irun l1::n * 'DIn nn*b nYn mnsnN tm-irxb pIn miv=
niDivrinnnrinl rmimm nSnIDIM M[Inp1 *IVIIIrl:nnnlmnnxV t3nb nnnTr
wnn
...Tni~~~~ ~ ~ v wiTi.. 91 71
.3 ,r, :"-7 ; 2 riv :,5 ; 4 vp: D"7 (35
.3 :1-:l'; I D :I-:""; I , o-:"' (36[lacuna] tmn rrnT v = :I,is
mrnuI r nn rnrt [j yTnY ninprn
*I.* SHNnxAYRnZ.x LEIMAINrWM-n
*4 ,7n: I..7; 2 ,xiv: ,,,t; 3 ynlp : o.. (37nnni T-nn mbnrm7
-nll ltnrn nxm fonr"ln 71rTx Inj nt 7 SlY IntoIrM pZ MI RMYMV' '-
nnn nM111MM [sic] UMnnbx NMW l't=Y' 0-1313il '-t'
* ** nbln n:Dn11 *mInVlp rmnum
Yale. SHNAYER Z. LEIMAN
615