The Landscape of Citizen Observatories across the EU Margaret Gold, European Citizen Science Association (ECSA)
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The
Land
scap
e of
Citi
zen
Obs
erva
torie
s ac
ross
the
EU
Mar
gare
t Gol
d, E
urop
ean
Citi
zen
Scie
nce
Asso
ciat
ion
(EC
SA)
Kul
lenb
erg
C, K
aspe
row
skiD
(201
6) W
hat I
s C
itize
n Sc
ienc
e? –
A Sc
ient
omet
ricM
eta-
Al
i
Gro
wth
of C
itize
n Sc
ienc
e pu
blic
atio
ns in
abs
olut
e nu
mbe
rs c
ompa
red
to W
eb o
f Sci
ence
tota
l
Prof
essi
onal
isat
ion
of
Citi
zen
Scie
nce
Citi
zen
Scie
nce
Plat
form
s &
Know
ledg
e Ex
chan
ge
Terre
stria
l bio
dive
rsity
sur
veilla
nce
in U
K in
volv
ed >
30 d
iffer
ent
orga
niza
tions
, to
whi
ch
volu
ntee
r con
tribu
tions
had
an
estim
ated
val
ue o
f £20
mill
ion,
fo
r a g
over
nmen
t inv
estm
ent o
f £7
milli
on.
Theo
bald
, E.,
Ettin
ger,
A.,
Bur
gess
, H.,
DeB
ey, L
., Sc
hmid
t, N
., &
Fro
ehlic
h, H
. et
al.
(201
5). G
loba
l cha
nge
and
loca
l sol
utio
ns: T
appi
ng th
e un
real
ized
po
tent
ial o
f citi
zen
scie
nce
for b
iodi
vers
ity re
sear
ch. B
iolo
gica
l Con
serv
atio
n,
181,
236
-244
. doi
:10.
1016
/j.bi
ocon
.201
4.10
.021
With
in p
roje
cts
sam
pled
(n
= 38
8),
1.3
mill
ion
volu
ntee
rspa
rtici
pate
, co
ntrib
utin
g up
to$2
.5
billi
on in
-kin
dan
nual
ly.
Mac
kech
nie
C.,
Mas
kell
L., N
orto
n L.
& R
oy D
. (20
11) T
he ro
le o
f “B
ig
Soci
ety”
in m
onito
ring
the
stat
e of
the
natu
ral e
nviro
nmen
t. Jo
urna
l of
Envi
ronm
enta
l Mon
itorin
g, 1
3, 2
687–
2691
Mar
k C
hand
ler,
Lind
a Se
e, K
yle
Cop
as, A
strid
M.Z
. Bon
de, B
erna
tC
lara
mun
t, Fi
nn D
anie
lsen
, Jan
Kris
toffe
rLeg
ind,
Siro
Mas
inde
, Abr
aham
J.
Mille
r-Rus
hing
, Gre
g N
ewm
an, A
lyss
a R
osem
artin
& Er
enTu
rak
(201
6)
Con
tribu
tion
of c
itize
n sc
ienc
e to
war
ds in
tern
atio
nal b
iodi
vers
ity m
onito
ring.
Bi
olog
ical
Con
serv
atio
n do
i:10.
1016
/j.bi
ocon
.201
6.09
.004
1,47
6da
tase
ts65
publ
ishi
ng
inst
itutio
ns24
coun
trie
s
Anal
ysis
as
of 1
Mar
ch 2
016
Citi
zen
scie
nce
cont
ribut
ions
to th
e G
BIF
glob
al in
dex
Ope
n D
ata
Wat
ch –
Ope
n D
ata
Inve
ntor
y 20
17
http
://od
in.o
pend
ataw
atch
.com
/
Fig 4. Con
ceptua
l structure of con
tempo
rary CS.
Kul
lenb
erg
C, K
aspe
row
skiD
(201
6) W
hat I
s C
itize
n Sc
ienc
e? –
A Sc
ient
omet
ricM
eta-
Ana
lysi
s. P
LOS
ON
E 11
(1):
e014
7152
. ht
tps:
//doi
.org
/10.
1371
/jour
nal.p
one.
0147
152
com
mun
ity-b
ased
mon
itorin
g
popu
lar e
pide
mio
logy
Do
It Yo
urse
lf S
cien
ce
volu
ntee
r bas
ed m
onito
ring
volu
ntee
r mon
itorin
g
parti
cipa
tory
sci
ence
publ
ic e
ngag
emen
t
parti
cipa
tory
mon
itorin
g
crow
d sc
ienc
e
parti
cipa
tory
sen
sing
AS IL
LUST
RAT
ED IN
: Sar
ah W
est a
nd R
ache
l Pat
eman
(201
7). H
ow c
ould
ci
tizen
sci
ence
sup
port
the
Sust
aina
ble
Dev
elop
men
t Goa
ls?
Polic
y br
ief.
Stoc
khol
m E
nviro
nmen
t Ins
titut
e.
SOU
RC
E: B
onne
y, R
., C
oope
r, C
. B.,
Dic
kins
on, J
., Ke
lling,
S.,
Philli
ps, T
., R
osen
berg
, K.
V. a
nd S
hirk
, J. (
2009
). C
itize
n sc
ienc
e: A
dev
elop
ing
tool
for e
xpan
ding
sci
ence
kn
owle
dge
and
scie
ntifi
c lit
erac
y. B
ioSc
ienc
e, 5
9(11
). 97
7–84
. D
OI:1
015
25/b
io20
0959
119
Stages of the
scientific p
rocess th
at involve cit
izens in
differen
t type
s of citizen science projects
“Com
mun
ity-b
ased
env
ironm
enta
l m
onito
ring
and
info
rmat
ion
syst
ems
that
bui
ld o
n in
nova
tive
and
nove
l Ear
th
obse
rvat
ion
appl
icat
ions
” (EU
)
An E
cosy
stem
of C
itize
n O
bser
vato
ries
for E
nviro
nmen
tal M
onito
ring
Citi
zen
Obs
erva
torie
s ar
e an
in
tegr
al c
ompo
nent
of m
anag
ing
envi
ronm
enta
l cha
lleng
es a
nd
empo
wer
ing
resi
lient
com
mun
ities
Mov
e C
itize
n Sc
ienc
e in
to th
e m
ains
tream
by
build
ing
a su
stai
nabl
e ec
osys
tem
of C
itize
n O
bser
vato
ries
and
rela
ted
activ
ities
VISI
ON
MIS
SIO
N
Glo
bal C
itize
n O
bser
vato
ryTh
e R
ole
of In
divi
dual
s in
O
bser
ving
and
Und
erst
andi
ng o
ur
Cha
ngin
g W
orld
Prof
. Jac
quel
ine
McG
lade
’s20
09 E
arth
wat
chLe
ctur
e
“it is
no
long
er s
uffic
ient
to
deve
lop
pass
ive
lists
or
repo
rts to
‘inf
orm
’ citi
zens
of
chan
ges
in o
ur e
nviro
nmen
t. W
e ne
ed to
eng
age
with
ci
tizen
s an
d as
k ho
w th
ey
can
‘info
rm’ u
s.”
WeO
bser
ve C
omm
uniti
es o
f Pra
ctic
e (C
oPs)
JOIN
the
WeO
bser
ve C
omm
uniti
es o
f Pra
ctic
e
http
s://t
inyu
rl.co
m/W
OC
oPs
CoP
1 :
Co-
crea
ting
citiz
en o
bser
vato
ries
and
enga
ging
citi
zens
CoP
2 :
Impa
ct a
nd v
alue
of c
itize
n ob
serv
ator
ies
for g
over
nanc
e
CoP
3 :
Inte
rope
rabi
lity
and
stan
dard
s fo
r citi
zen
obse
rvat
orie
s
CoP
4 : U
N S
usta
inab
le D
evel
opm
ent G
oals
an
d C
itize
n O
bser
vato
ries
The
CO
WM
Con
fere
nce
in V
enic
e /
Nov
embe
r 201
8 /
http
s://w
ww
.cow
m.e
u/
WeO
bser
ve C
omm
uniti
es o
f Pra
ctic
e (C
oPs)
Hel
p le
vera
ge th
e SD
G e
fforts
w
ith th
e ap
plic
atio
n of
new
m
etho
dolo
gies
to e
nhan
ce th
e qu
ality
of s
uch
data
.*
Supp
ort S
DG
impl
emen
tatio
n th
roug
h tra
nsfo
rmat
ive
prac
tices
-at
titud
e an
d be
havi
our c
hang
e.
* UN
. (20
17).
The
Sust
aina
ble
Dev
elop
men
t Goa
ls R
epor
t 201
7. N
ew Y
ork:
UN
. Ret
rieve
d fro
m
http
s://u
nsta
ts.u
n.or
g/sd
gs/fi
les/
repo
rt/20
17/T
heSu
stai
nabl
eDev
elop
men
tGoa
lsR
epor
t201
7.pd
f
Citizen
Scie
nce & th
e Su
staina
ble De
velopm
ent G
oals
CS
is a
sub
set
of C
Os
CS
is a
sub
set o
f C
Os
and
beyo
ndC
Os
are
a su
bset
of C
S
CS
is a
sub
set
of C
Os
CS
is a
sub
set o
f C
Os
and
beyo
ndC
Os
are
a su
bset
of C
S
WeS
ense
IT“a
met
hod,
an
envi
ronm
ent a
nd a
n in
frast
ruct
ure
supp
ortin
g an
info
rmat
ion
ecos
yste
m fo
r co
mm
uniti
es a
nd c
itize
ns, a
s w
ell a
s em
erge
ncy
oper
ator
s an
d po
licym
aker
s, fo
r dis
cuss
ion,
m
onito
ring
and
inte
rven
tion
on s
ituat
ions
, pla
ces
and
even
ts”
2013
PAR
TIC
IPAT
ION
OF
CIT
IZEN
S ‘IN
-SIT
U’
COMMON ELEMENTS
ENVI
RO
NM
ENTA
L M
ON
ITO
RIN
G
BI-D
IREC
TIO
NA
L D
ATA
& IN
FO
MO
BIL
E +
WEB
TE
CH
NO
LOG
IES
ALAN
GR
AIN
GER
“any
use
of E
arth
obs
erva
tion
tech
nolo
gy in
whi
ch
citiz
ens
colle
ct d
ata
and
are
empo
wer
ed b
y th
e in
form
atio
n ge
nera
ted
from
thes
e da
ta to
pa
rtici
pate
in e
nviro
nmen
tal m
anag
emen
t.”
2017
CIT
I-SEN
SE“th
e ci
tizen
s’ ow
n ob
serv
atio
ns a
nd
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
env
ironm
enta
lly re
late
d pr
oble
ms
and
in p
artic
ular
... r
epor
ting
and
com
men
ting
on th
em w
ithin
a d
edic
ated
ICT
plat
form
”
2014
EU fu
nded
Citi
zen
Obs
erva
torie
s (F
P7 &
H20
20)
Disaster monitoring
123
4
5
76 7
9
98 98
1011
H20
20 C
Os
1.G
roun
d Tr
uth
2.0
2.G
RO
W3.
Land
Sens
e4.
Scen
t5.
D-N
oses
6.M
onoc
le
FP7
CO
s7.
CO
BWEB
8.O
min
scie
ntis
9.C
iti-S
ense
10.W
eSen
seIt
11.C
iticl
ops
Dom
ains
Rep
rese
nted
https://sc5.ea
sme‐web
.eu/#
Filte
r: Earth Observatio
n
We
are
now
com
pilin
g pr
ojec
t det
ails
on
as w
ide
a ra
nge
of in
itiat
ives
in E
urop
e as
pos
sibl
e. P
leas
e sh
are
proj
ect
info
rmat
ion
with
us
via
this
onl
ine
form
.
http
s://t
inyu
rl.co
m/C
Ola
ndsc
ape
Add
YOU
R C
itize
n O
bser
vato
ry
1.G
eogr
aphi
c sc
ope
2.Ty
pe o
f par
ticip
ants
3.N
etw
ork
esta
blis
hmen
t m
echa
nism
4.
Rev
enue
stre
am5.
Com
mun
icat
ion
Para
digm
6.Ef
fort
requ
ired
7.Pl
atfo
rm s
uppo
rt8.
Dat
a ac
cess
ibilit
y,
avai
labi
lity
& qu
ality
Gha
resi
fard
, Moh
amm
ad &
Weh
n, U
ta &
van
der
Zaa
g, P
iete
r. (2
017)
. Tow
ards
ben
chm
arki
ng C
itize
n O
bser
vato
ries:
Fea
ture
s an
d fu
nctio
ning
of o
nlin
e am
ateu
r wea
ther
net
wor
ks. J
ourn
al o
f Env
ironm
enta
l M
anag
emen
t. 19
3. 3
81-3
93. 1
0.10
16/j.
jenv
man
.201
7.02
.003
.
Dev
elop
ing
a Fr
amew
ork
for B
ench
mar
king
CO
s ac
ross
Eur
ope
Stud
y on
an
inve
ntor
y of
ci
tizen
sci
ence
act
iviti
es fo
r en
viro
nmen
tal p
olic
ies
Envi
ronm
enta
l Citi
zen
Scie
nce
& th
e U
N S
DG
s
http
s://e
c.eu
ropa
.eu/
easm
e/si
tes/
easm
e-si
te/fi
les/
docu
men
ts/s
ept_
13.z
ip
Stud
y on
an
inve
ntor
y of
ci
tizen
sci
ence
act
iviti
es fo
r en
viro
nmen
tal p
olic
ies
Inve
ntor
y –
Fiel
ds C
over
ed
http
s://e
c.eu
ropa
.eu/
easm
e/si
tes/
easm
e-si
te/fi
les/
docu
men
ts/s
ept_
13.z
ip
Stud
y on
an
inve
ntor
y of
ci
tizen
sci
ence
act
iviti
es fo
r en
viro
nmen
tal p
olic
ies
Inve
ntor
y –
Type
of P
roje
cts
http
s://e
c.eu
ropa
.eu/
easm
e/si
tes/
easm
e-si
te/fi
les/
docu
men
ts/s
ept_
13.z
ip
Stud
y on
an
inve
ntor
y of
ci
tizen
sci
ence
act
iviti
es fo
r en
viro
nmen
tal p
olic
ies
Anal
ysis
–Sc
ient
ific
Dat
a Q
ualit
y
http
s://e
c.eu
ropa
.eu/
easm
e/si
tes/
easm
e-si
te/fi
les/
docu
men
ts/s
ept_
13.z
ip
Pala
cin-
Silv
a et
al.
Stat
e-of
-the
Art S
tudy
in C
itize
n O
bser
vato
ries:
Tec
hnol
ogic
al T
rend
s, D
evel
opm
ent
Cha
lleng
es a
nd R
esea
rch
Aven
ues;
Fin
nish
En
viro
nmen
t Ins
titut
e: H
elsi
nki,
Finl
and,
201
6
Stat
e-of
-the
Art S
tudy
in
Citi
zen
Obs
erva
torie
s
Pala
cin-
Silv
a et
al.
Stat
e-of
-the
Art S
tudy
in C
itize
n O
bser
vato
ries:
Tec
hnol
ogic
al T
rend
s, D
evel
opm
ent
Cha
lleng
es a
nd R
esea
rch
Aven
ues;
Fin
nish
En
viro
nmen
t Ins
titut
e: H
elsi
nki,
Finl
and,
201
6
Pala
cin-
Silv
a et
al.
Stat
e-of
-the
Art S
tudy
in C
itize
n O
bser
vato
ries:
Tec
hnol
ogic
al T
rend
s, D
evel
opm
ent
Cha
lleng
es a
nd R
esea
rch
Aven
ues;
Fin
nish
En
viro
nmen
t Ins
titut
e: H
elsi
nki,
Finl
and,
201
6
Pala
cin-
Silv
a et
al.
Stat
e-of
-the
Art S
tudy
in C
itize
n O
bser
vato
ries:
Tec
hnol
ogic
al T
rend
s, D
evel
opm
ent
Cha
lleng
es a
nd R
esea
rch
Aven
ues;
Fin
nish
En
viro
nmen
t Ins
titut
e: H
elsi
nki,
Finl
and,
201
6
Pala
cin-
Silv
a et
al.
Stat
e-of
-the
Art S
tudy
in C
itize
n O
bser
vato
ries:
Tec
hnol
ogic
al T
rend
s, D
evel
opm
ent
Cha
lleng
es a
nd R
esea
rch
Aven
ues;
Fin
nish
En
viro
nmen
t Ins
titut
e: H
elsi
nki,
Finl
and,
201
6
•Q
ualit
y As
sura
nce
Proj
ect
Plan
•R
epea
ted
sam
ple/
task
s•
Parti
cipa
nt ta
sks
invo
lvin
g co
ntro
l ite
ms
•U
nifo
rm o
r cal
ibra
ted
equi
pmen
t•
Pers
onal
kno
wle
dge
of
parti
cipa
nt s
kills
/exp
ertis
e•
Parti
cipa
nt tr
aini
ng•
Parti
cipa
nt te
stin
g•
Rat
ing
parti
cipa
nt
perfo
rman
ceW
iggi
ns, A
., N
ewm
an, G
., St
even
son,
R.,
& C
row
ston
, K. (
2011
). M
echa
nism
s fo
r Dat
a Q
ualit
y an
d Va
lidat
ion
in C
itize
n Sc
ienc
e. 2
011
IEEE
Sev
enth
Inte
rnat
iona
l Con
fere
nce
On
E-Sc
ienc
e W
orks
hops
. do
i:10.
1109
/esc
ienc
ew.2
011.
27
How
do
we
Ensu
re D
ata
Qua
lity?
•Fi
lterin
g of
unu
sual
repo
rts•
Con
tact
ing
parti
cipa
nts
abou
t un
usua
l rep
orts
•Au
tom
atic
reco
gniti
on te
chni
ques
•Ex
pert
Rev
iew
•Pa
per d
ata
shee
ts s
ubm
itted
in
addi
tion
to o
nlin
e en
try•
Dig
ital v
ouch
ers
•D
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