The Labour Force affected by the Falling Birth Rate and ... · The Labour Force affected by the Falling Birth Rate and the Aging Population 1 The Number of Persons Not in the Labour

The Labour Force affected by the Falling Birth Rate and the Aging Population

1 The Number of Persons Not in the Labour Force Continues to Increase

3 Aging Labour Force

1 While the Number of Regular Employees is Decreasing, the Number of Part-time Workers, Contract Employees or Entrusted Employees is Increasing

2 The Employment Rate of Part-time and Temporary Workers is Particularly High in the Accommodations, Eating and Drinking Service Sectors

3 The Number of Foreign Workers is Increasing: Approx. 40% are Chinese

4 While Wholesale and Retail in Tokyo Has the Greatest Number of Employed Persons, the Information and Communications Industry Has the Highest Share in the National Total

2 While There are a Greater Number of Employed Persons Among Males, the Number of Persons Not in Labour Force, Such as Housekeeping, is Greater Among Females

4 Foreign Workers in the Special and Technical Fields Have a Higher Share in Tokyo than in the National total

Note: Thefigurefor2011for thenationalparticipationrate isasupplementaryestimate.

Source: TMG,MIC“LabourForceSurvey”Note: Thefiguresfor2011aresupplementaryestimates.Source: MIC“LabourForceSurvey”

Source: TMG“LabourForceSurvey”Note: AsofOctober31eachyear.Source: MHLW“SituationofNotifiedForeignNationalEmploymentStatus”

Source: MIC“PopulationCensus” Source: MIC“EmploymentStatusSurvey”

Source: TMG,MIC“LabourForceSurvey”

Diversifying Employment Structure Affected by Social and Economic Factors

59.159.3

64.5 63.163.5

1,178

429.4432.1

33.6 31.2

707.0

716.3

1,173

1,031

364.6

27.5

637.1

63.7

1997 98 99 200001 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 121110 13

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

(10,000 persons)Labour force participation rate (right scale)

Employed

Unemployed

Not in labour force

Tokyo

Nationwide

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

(％)

Population aged 15 and older by employment status and labour force participation rate

Male Female

Population aged 15 and over by gender, age, and labour force status (2010)

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

(10,000 persons)

15～24

25～34

35～44

45～54

55～64

65 years old and over

15～24

25～34

35～44

45～54

55～64


Employed (Mostly Worked)Employed (Others)UnemployedNot in labour force (Did housework/attending school)Not in labour force (Others)

93.8

73.2 75.06.4

59.1

32.6

5.69.1

50.2

100.3

58.2

78.2

16.5

8.7

48.8 42.1

17.6

27.9

92.0

70.3

19.0

18.3

30.0 24.6

17.2

28.6

75.7

133.9

51.8

56.6

13.6

11.3

32.9

8.314.8

65.985.1

68.8

79.1

60.4

35.6

7.814.0

Number of persons engaged by industry and share in the national total (2013)

Share in the national total (right scale)

11.4

33.2

21.170.1

119.6

63.773.4

40

30

20

10

0

(％)160

120

80

40

0

(10,000 persons)

All

indu

strie

s

Con

stru

ctio

n

Man

ufac

turin

g

Info

rmat

ion

and

com

mun

icat

ions

Tran

spor

t and

pos

tal a

ctiv

ities

Who

lesa

le a

nd re

tail

trade

Fina

nce

and

insu

ranc

eR

eal e

stat

e an

d go

ods

rent

al a

nd le

asin

gS

cien

tific

rese

arch

, pro

fess

iona

l a

nd te

chni

cal s

ervi

ces

Acc

omm

odat

ions

, eat

ing

and

drin

king

ser

vice

sLi

ving

-rel

ated

and

per

sona

l ser

vice

s a

nd a

mus

emen

t ser

vice

sE

duca

tion,

lear

ning

sup

port

Med

ical

, hea

lth c

are

and

wel

fare

Ser

vice

s, n

.e.c

.

Oth

ers

(out

side

of t

hose

to th

e le

ft)

Regular employee

3,444

4,948

Part-time workerPart-time worker748

Arbeit (temporary worker)Arbeit (temporary worker)

Contract employees or entrusted employees

Contract employees or entrusted employees

342

Dispatched worker from temporary labour agency

236

Others

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

02003 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

(10,000 persons)

3,340

888

353

354

5,154 5,201

3,294

928

392

388

Number of employees by employment type (nationwide)

Number of foreign workers by nationality (nationwide)

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

(10,000 persons)

48.6

South Korea

China

(including Hong Kong)

Phillippines

Vietnam 2.7BrazilBrazil

Peru

G8 etc.

Others

2008 09 10 11 12 13

21.1

2.1

1.51.5

4.1

9.99.9

4.0

6.0

68.2

5.1

7.8

2.32.3

10.210.2

7.3

3.2

29.6

71.8

5.4

9.0

2.32.3

9.69.6

8.0

3.8

3.4

30.4

Component ratio of foreign workers by status of residence (2013)

Component ratio of foreign workers by industry (2013)

18.5

1.1

17.0

23.7

10.6

10.1

Technical intern training19.0

Special and technical fields

33.5

Designated activities1.8

1.6

Activity other than that permitted under the

status of residence previously granted30.5

Permanent resident

17.9

Spouse, etc. of a Japanese

national or a permanent resident

10.2

Long-term resident

4.5

Outer circle: Tokyo196 thousand personsInner circle: Nationwide718 thousand persons

（％）

（％）

36.6

3.911.1

6.9

12.6

17.4

11.5

Others18.9

Services, n.e.c.13.6

Education, learning support

7.5Accommodations,

eating and drinking services24.2

Wholesale and retail trade

16.6

Information and communications

11.4

Manufacturing7.8

Outer circle: Tokyo196 thousand personsInner circle: Nationwide718 thousand persons

Employment in Tokyo – Employment StatusEmployment in Tokyo – Employees

Employment rate of part-time/temporary workers by industry and occupation (2012)

All in

dustr

iesCo

nstru

ction

Manu

factur

ingInf

ormati

on an

d com

munic

ation

sTr

ansp

ort an

d pos

tal ac

tivitie

sW

holes

ale an

d reta

il trad

eFin

ance

and i

nsura

nce

Real

estat

e and

good

s ren

tal an

d lea

sing

Scien

tific r

esea

rch, p

rofes

siona

l and

tech

nical

servi

ces

Acco

mmod

ation

s, ea

ting a

nd dr

inking

servi

ces

Living

-relat

ed an

d pers

onal

servi

ces a

nd am

usem

ent s

ervice

sEd

ucati

on, le

arning

supp

ortMe

dical,

healt

h care

and w

elfare

Servi

ces,

n.e.c.

(By o

ccup

ation

)Ad

minis

trativ

e and

man

ageri

al wo

rkers

Profe

ssion

al an

d eng

ineeri

ng w

orkers

Cleri

cal w

orkers

Sales

work

ersSe

rvice

work

ersSe

curity

work

ersAg

ricult

ure, fo

restry

and f

ishery

work

ersMa

nufac

turing

proc

ess w

orkers

Tran

sport

and m

achin

e ope

ration

work

ersCo

nstru

ction

and m

ining

work

ersCa

rrying

, clea

ning,

pack

aging

, and

relat

ed w

orkers

23.7

7.410.4

3.6

17.4

36.2

7.9

19.3

8.7

64.0

30.4

44.0

20.7

29.8

8.80.0

15.4

26.8

54.6

12.4

44.6

23.1

11.75.2

54.1

70605040302010

0

（％）

25-34 years old

25.7

35-44 years old

18.3

45-54 years old

21.8

55-64 years old

16.3


6.5

15-24 yearsold

11.4

9.4 26.5 20.6 19.5 16.5 7.5

8.8 23.4 23.8 18.0 17.3 8.7

7.5 22.0 25.4 20.6 14.8 9.7

0 20 40 60 80 100

19986.65 million

persons

20036.72 million

persons

20087.16 million

persons

20137.48 million

persons

（％）Component ratio of labour force by age

30 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2014 31Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2014

While the Employment Environment is Improving, Problems, Such as Mismatching, Still Prevail

1 The Jobs-to-applicants Ratio is Improving 5 The Turnover Rate is High Among Young Males and Females: It is Also High Among Males After Retirement Due to Re-employment

2 Job Applicant and Job Offer Conditions Vary Greatly with Occupation: The Jobs-to-applicants Ratio is High in the Security, Construction and Mining Occupations

6 The Unemployment Rate for Tokyo Fluctuates Approximately Between 4% to 5%

3 The Ratio of Person Who Found Employment is Improving

8 The Number of Employment Insurance Beneficiaries and the Amount of Benefits Decreased for Three Consecutive Years

7 The Number of Persons Who Leave Their Jobs Due to Circumstances of the Management is on the Decrease

4 Both Accession and Separation Rates are High in the Accommodations, Eating and Drinking Service Sectors

Source: MHLW“SurveyonEmploymentTrends”

Note: Theratioofpersonswhofoundemploymentisthepercentageofpersonswhofoundemploymenttothetotalnumberofnewjobseekers.After2008,personswho foundemploymentaredivided into regularemployeesandnon-regularemployees.

Source: TokyoLabourBureau,MHLWstatistics

Source: TokyoLabourBureaustatistics


Note: Thenumberofbeneficiaries isamonthlyaverage.Theamountofbenefitspaidistheamountofthebasicallowance(baseline).


Note: Figuresareannualaverages.DataforTokyoareprovidedafter1997.Thenationalunemploymentratefor2011isacomplementaryestimate.

Source: MIC“LabourForceSurvey”


Note: Part-timeworkersareexcluded.Theactive jobs-to-applicantsratio isasofDecember2012.


Non-regular employeesNon-regular employees

14.8

Regular employeesRegular employees

6.8

8.3

Tokyo

22.5

15.1

6.7

8.3

15.0

Nationwide

30.2

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

02004 05 06 07 08 09 10 1211 13

(10,000 persons) （％）Ratio of persons who found employment (right scale)

Persons who found employment (Tokyo)

Number of persons who found employment and ratio of persons who found employment

32.5

26.1

31.4

23.7

Accession rate and separation rate by industry (2012)

30

20

10

0

（％）Accession rateSeparation rate

10.511.3

9.8 9.1

6.36.76.57.7

5.9

9.08.6 7.7 7.07.5

20.521.7

9.88.8

11.2

7.2

14.714.9

10.210.3

All

indu

strie

s

Con

stru

ctio

n

Man

ufac

turin

g

Info

rmat

ion

and

com

mun

icat

ions

Tran

spor

t and

pos

tal a

ctiv

ities

Who

lesa

le a

nd re

tail

trade

Fina

nce

and

insu

ranc

e

Rea

l est

ate

and

goo

ds re

ntal

and

leas

ing

Acc

omm

odat

ions

, eat

ing

and

drin

king

ser

vice

s

Edu

catio

n, le

arni

ng s

uppo

rt

Med

ical

, hea

lth c

are

and

wel

fare

Ser

vice

s, n

.e.c

.

2.6

2.1

27.5

1985 86 87 88 89 90 92 9391 94 95 96 97 98 99 012000 03 0402 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

（％）

Nationwide

Tokyo

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

(10,000 persons)

Unemployment rate and number of unemployed persons

Unemployment rate

Number of unemployed persons (Tokyo) (right scale)

31.233.6

4.04.04.34.3

4.24.24.54.5

5.65.6

4.14.1

5.45.4

53.358.973.7

Number of employment insurance beneficiaries

949

857

1,419

Amount of benefits paid (right scale)

0

50

100

150

2003 04 05 06 07 08 09 1110 12 (FY)0

500

1,000

1,500(100 million yen)(1,000 persons)

Number of employment insurance beneficiaries and amount of benefits paid

Employment in Tokyo – Job Opening/Job ApplicationsEmployment in Tokyo – Job Opening/Job Applications

21.2

8.413.0

4.3 2.82.44.0 2.6 2.2

9.3 7.37.9

16.212.1

5.82.5

0.4 1.4 0.63.6 2.8 2.0

25

20

15

10

5

0

(10,000 persons)

(Times)

1.86

0.27

1.38 2.05

5.70

3.232.16

0.66 0.31

6543210

Active jobs-to-applicants ratio

The status of new job openings for general employment by occupation (FY2012)

Number of new job offersNumber of new job applicationsNumber of persons who found employment

Pro

fess

iona

l and

eng

inee

ring

wor

kers

Cle

rical

wor

kers

Sal

es w

orke

rs

Ser

vice

wor

kers

Sec

urity

wor

kers

Man

ufac

turin

g p

roce

ss w

orke

rs

Tran

spor

t and

mac

hine

ope

ratio

n wo

rker

sC

onst

ruct

ion

and

min

ing

wor

kers

Carry

ing, c

leanin

g, p

acka

ging,

and

rela

ted

wor

kers

(Reg

roup

ed)

IT-r

elat

ed w

orke

rs

Wel

fare

-rel

ated

wor

kers

11.3

6.0

4.2

13.6

13.5

6.6

0

5

10

15

20

Less than 19 years old

20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65 years and over

（％）

Male

Female

Turnover accession rate by gender and by age (nationwide; 2012)

Number of persons who leave their jobs by reasons for leaving (nationwide)

2004 05 06 07 08 09 1110 12

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

(10,000 persons)

641.4

435.5

33.6

96.2

52.2

685.4

482.8

33.8

89.5

55.5

672.9

467.5

35.4

104.8

47.4

Expiry of the contractDue to circumstances of the managementRetirement ageDue to personal faultPersonal reasonsDeath and sickness

2.13

0.780.78

1.34

0.43

3.21

1.26

2.32

0.70

1.27

0.76

2.02

2.66

1.66

1.64

0.97

0

1

2

3

4

1998 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1110 12 (FY)

New jobs-to-applicants ratio (regular workers excluding part-timers)Active jobs-to-applicants ratio (regular workers excluding part-timers)New jobs-to-applicants ratio (regular part-timers)Active jobs-to-applicants ratio (regular part-timers)

(Times)　

Jobs-to-applicants ratio (new and active)


Wages Vary With the Industry Sector and the Employment Type

1 The Total Amount of Cash Wages Is High in the Finance and Insurance Industries and Low in the Accommodations, Eating and Drinking services

1 The Percentage of Young Employees to the Total Number of Employees Has Been Decreasing

3 Monthly Hours Worked are Longer in the Construction Industry etc.

2 Wage Disparities Between Males and Females and Between Regular and Non-regular Staffs Become Greater as the Length of Service Becomes Longer

2 The Active Jobs-to-applicants Ratio is High Among People Aged 20 to 24 and Low Among People Aged 25 to 34

4 Working Hours are Longest Among Males in Their 20s and 30s

4 The Percentage of Non-regular Employees Aged 25 to 34 is on the Increase

3 The Unemployment Rate for Young People is Higher Than the Overall Unemployment Rate

Note: Establishmentswith5ormoreregularemployees.Source: TMG“MonthlyLabourSurvey”

Note: Youngpeopleheremeanpersonsaged15to34.Source: TMG“LabourForceSurvey”

Note: Establishmentswith5ormoreregularemployees.Source: TMG“MonthlyLabourSurvey”

Note: Youngpeopleheremeanpersonsaged15to34.Source: TMG“LabourForceSurvey”

Note: Youngpeopleheremeanpersonsaged15to34.For theagegroupof15to24,persons inschoolareexcluded.The figure for2011 isasupplementaryestimate.


Note: Establishmentswith10regularemployeesormore.Source: MHLW“BasicSurveyonWageStructure”

Note: FiguresareasofOctoberineachyear.Youngpeopleheremeanpersonsaged20to34

Source: TokyoLabourBureau“AnnualReportonEmploymentSecurityAdministration”

Note: Establishmentswith10regularemployeesormore.Sumofactualnumberofscheduledhoursworkedandovertimeworked.

Source: MHLW“BasicSurveyonWageStructure”

The Employment Environment for Young People Has Improved in Recent Years

Average monthly cash earnings per person (2012)

Scheduled cash earnings

Non-scheduled cash earnings

Special cash earnings

55.1

28.5

10.8

49.3

58.4

16.3

29.1 30.5

53.759.1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70(10,000 yen)

Con

stru

ctio

n

Man

ufac

turin

g

Info

rmat

ion

and

com

mun

icat

ions

Tran

spor

t and

pos

tal a

ctiv

ities

Who

lesa

le a

nd re

tail

trade

Fina

nce

and

insu

ranc

e

Real

estat

e and

good

s ren

tal an

d lea

sing

Scien

tific r

esea

rch, p

rofes

siona

l and

tech

nical

servi

ces

Acco

mmod

ation

s, ea

ting a

nd dr

inking

servi

ces

Living

-relat

ed an

d pers

onal

servi

ces a

nd am

usem

ent s

ervice

s

Edu

catio

n, le

arni

ng s

uppo

rt

Med

ical

, hea

lth c

are

and

wel

fare

Ser

vice

s, n

.e.c

.

(By

size

of e

stab

lishm

ent)

5 to

29

empl

oyee

s

30 to

99

empl

oyee

s

100

to 4

99 e

mpl

oyee

s

500

empl

oyee

s or

mor

e

(By

type

of e

mpl

oym

ent)

Full-

time

empl

oyee

s

Par

t-tim

e em

ploy

ees

Total hours worked per month (2012)

115.6 114.8128.7

167.2

138.9153.9

166.3

87.2

169.2 167.2176.4

148.3

0

50

100

150

200(Hours)

Scheduled hours worked

Non-scheduled hours worked

All

indu

strie

s

Con

stru

ctio

n

Man

ufac

turin

g

Info

rmat

ion

and

com

mun

icat

ions

Tran

spor

t and

pos

tal a

ctiv

ities

Who

lesa

le a

nd re

tail

trade

Fina

nce

and

insu

ranc

e

Real

estat

e and

good

s ren

tal an

d lea

sing

Scien

tific r

esea

rch, p

rofes

siona

l and

tech

nical

servi

ces

Acco

mmod

ation

s, ea

ting a

nd dr

inking

servi

ces

Living

-relat

ed an

d pers

onal

servi

ces a

nd am

usem

ent s

ervice

s

Edu

catio

n, le

arni

ng s

uppo

rt

Med

ical

, hea

lth c

are

and

wel

fare

Ser

vice

s, n

.e.c

.

(By

size

of e

stab

lishm

ent)

5 to

29

empl

oyee

s

30 to

99

empl

oyee

s

100

to 4

99 e

mpl

oyee

s

500

empl

oyee

s or

mor

e

(By

type

of e

mpl

oym

ent)

Full-

time

empl

oyee

s

Par

t-tim

e em

ploy

ees

Actual number of total hours worked per month by age and gender (nationwide; 2013)

20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 years old

Male

Female

178

172

180

173

177

169

177

166

190

180

170

160

0

(Hours)

1.03

0.91

Total population

0.80

1.07

30 to 34 years old

0.65

0.86

20 to 24 years old1.78

1.74

1.35

0.99

25 to 29 years old

0.72

0.92

0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

2003 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12

(Times)

Active jobs-to-applicants ratio for young people by age group

5.7

5.0

8.0

7.1

5.7

4.9

4.2

4.7

4.5

15 to 24 years old

25 to 34 years old

Total population

2003 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

（％） Unemployment rate for young people by age group

414

301

113

Number of young non-regular employees and share in the national total (nationwide)

32.1

30.4

21.5

35.2 36.7

32.3

27.431.2

26.5

431406

297

109

283

148

15 to 24 years old

Total population

25 to 34 years old

15 to 24 years old

25 to 34 years old

40

30

20

500

400

300

200

100

0

（％）

(10,000 persons)

2003 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 1211 13

Percentage of non-regular employees to the total number of employed persons

Number of non-regular employees

Employment in Tokyo – Young PeopleEmployment in Tokyo – Wages and Work Hours

Scheduled cash earnings by employment type (nationwide; 2013)

449.9

253.6

207.6

201.2172.2

340.2

255.6

188.7

500

400

300

200

100

0less than 1 year

1 to 2 3 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 14 15 to 19 20 to 24 25 to 29 30 years and over

(1,000 yen)

Male

Female

Non-regular staff

Regular staff

Number of young employees by age group and share of young employees in the total number of employees

35.429.6 29.2

20.920.9

15.715.9

22.6

16.8

5.15.8 5.3

25

20

15

10

5

0

40

20

0

2003 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 1211 13

（％）

(100 thousand persons)

Percentage of young employed persons among total employed persons

Employed persons aged 25 to 34

Employed persons aged 15 to 24


The Number of Employed Persons Aged 65 and Over Has Increased, Producing Motivated Elderly Workers

1 The Number of Employed Females is Increasing

1 One Out of Every Four Employed Persons is 55 Years Old or Older

3 The Number of Employed Persons Significantly Decreases Among Both Males and Females Aged 65 and Over

3 Compared to Males, the Percentage of Part-time Workers is High Among Middle-aged and Older Females

2 Employed Persons Aged 55 and Over Account for More Than 50% in the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Industries; the Real Estate Industry; and the Goods Rental and Leasing Industry

2 Female Workers Account for 70% of Employed Persons in the Medical, Health Care, and Welfare Services

4 The Female Labour Force Participation Rate in Japan Drops in the Age Groups of 30 to 39: Compared to 10 Years Ago, the Bottom of the M-curve Has Risen

4 The Unemployment Rates in the Age Groups of 55 to 59 and 65 and Over are Lower Than the Overall Unemployment Rate

Source: TMG“LabourForceSurvey” Source: MIC“PopulationCensus”

Source: MIC“EmploymentStatusSurvey”

Note: Theoverall unemployment rate indicates theunemployment rate for thetotalgroup(unemployedpersonsaged15andover).Thefigurefor2011isasupplementaryestimate.


Source: MIC“PopulationCensus” Source: TMG“LabourForceSurvey”

Note: Peoplewhosedetaileddataareunknownareexcluded.Source: MIC“PopulationCensus” Source: ILO“LABORSTAInternet”

Working Women are Increasing, and Many are Part-time Workers

55 to 64 years old



30

20

10

0

200

150

100

50

0

（％）

(10,000 persons)

Number of employed persons aged 55 and over and share in the total number of employed persons

Share in the total number of employed persons

Number of employed persons

2004 05 06 07 08 09 10 1211 13


55 to 64 years old

25.1

17.3

7.8

160.3

49.7

110.6

176.8

66.6

110.2

176.4

70.4

106.0

9.4

15.6

25.0

9.8

14.8

24.6

6.2

3.4

2.5

1.5

4.6

4.3

3.7

2.3

4.0

3.4

2.3

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

01997 98 99 2000 030201 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

（％）

Overall

60-64 years old

55-59 years old


Unemployment rate by age group (over 55 years of age) (nationwide)

Number of employed females and percentage of female by industry (2013)

(1,000 persons)

Percentage of female (right scale)

603

64194

187

70145

87161

273

151198

496

225

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

（％）75

50

25

0

50.450.4 51.251.253.853.8 56.656.6

54.454.4

70.870.8

Con

stru

ctio

n

Man

ufac

turin

g

Info

rmat

ion

and

com

mun

icat

ions

Tran

spor

t and

pos

tal a

ctiv

ities

Who

lesa

le a

nd re

tail

trade

Fina

nce

and

insu

ranc

e

Rea

l est

ate

and

good

s re

ntal

and

leas

ing

Sci

entif

ic re

sear

ch, p

rofe

ssio

nal

and

tech

nica

l ser

vice

s

Acc

omm

odat

ion

eatin

g a

nd d

rinki

ng s

ervi

ces

Livi

ng-r

elat

ed a

nd p

erso

nal s

ervi

ces

and

am

usem

ent s

ervi

ces

Edu

catio

n, le

arni

ng s

uppo

rt

Med

ical

, hea

lth c

are

and

wel

fare

Ser

vice

s, n

.e.c

.

Number of employed persons by age group and by employment type (2012)

Self-employed workersExecutive of company or corporationPart-time workersDispatched workers from temporary labour agencyOthers

Family workersRegular employeesArbeit (temporary workers)Contract employees or entrusted employees

Male Female

0 10 20 30 40 605060 50 40 30 20 10 0(10,000 persons)(10,000 persons)

10.0

5.1 32.3 24.6

36.8 20.1 4.7

41.3 17.9 7.6

41.6 16.1 10.2

34.3 13.9 10.6

26.9 9.5 9.2

20.0

9.56.4 7.5

5.8 6.9 8.6

6.4 4.7 9.3

4.5 5.1 4.6 7.311.4 13.44.8

10.4 12.4 10.3

15-19 years old

20-24 years old

25-29 years old

30-34 years old

35-39 years old

40-44 years old

45-49 years old

50-54 years old

55-59 years old

60-64 years old


Female labour force participation rate by country and by age (2000, 2010)

15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64years old

（％）

Japan(2000）

Sweden(2000）

USA(2000）

Japan(2010）

Sweden(2010）

USA(2010）

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Employment in Tokyo – WomenEmployment in Tokyo – Senior Citizens

27.7

62.8

35.3

30.7

9.9

34.028.2

15.8

53.0

26.929.931.927.6

26.142.1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30(10,000 persons)

010

20

30

4050

6070（％）

Number of employed persons aged 55 and over by industry and by age and share in the total number of employed persons in each industry (2010)

55-59 years old70-74 years old

60-64 years old75 years old and over

65-69 years old

Percentage of employed persons aged 55 and over to the total number of employed persons (right scale)

All

indu

strie

s

Agr

icul

ture

, for

estry

and

fish

erie

s

Con

stru

ctio

n

Man

ufac

turin

g

Info

rmat

ion

and

com

mun

icat

ions

Tran

spor

t and

pos

tal a

ctiv

ities

Who

lesa

le a

nd re

tail

trade

Fina

nce

and

insu

ranc

e

Rea

l est

ate

and

goo

ds re

ntal

and

leas

ing

Sci

entif

ic re

sear

ch, p

rofe

ssio

nal

and

tech

nica

l ser

vice

s

Acc

omm

odat

ion

eatin

g a

nd d

rinki

ng s

ervi

ces

Livi

ng-r

elat

ed a

nd p

erso

nal s

ervi

ces

and

am

usem

ent s

ervi

ces

Edu

catio

n, le

arni

ng s

uppo

rt

Med

ical

, hea

lth c

are

and

wel

fare

Ser

vice

s, n

.e.c

.

28.329.1

17.8

9.88.1

2.9

2.5

19.8 19.5

11.6

1.61.2

5.4

1.7

6.1

2.1

5.1

1.3

1.81.21.7

9.7

4.2

1.21.3

9.1

6.4

2.8

2.4

2.3

3.61.24.0

4.9

3.5

4.0

1.5

5.9

5.6

11.3

2.8

4.5

2.0

17.3

55-59 years old

60-64 years old

65-69 years old

70-74 years old


55-59 years old

60-64 years old

65-69 years old

70-74 years old


35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

(10,000 persons)

Temporary employees Part-time employees and othersRegular employeesSelf-employed, employing others

Self-employed, not employing others Family employees Piece rate workBoard member of company, etc

FemaleMale

Number of employed persons aged 55 and over by gender, age, and employment status (2010)

Number of employed females and share of all employed persons

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

01955 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05 10

42.5300

200

100

0

41.5

29.2

(10,000 persons) （％）

97.6

245.2

Number of employed females

Percentage of female (right scale)

255.2


The Employment of Persons with Disabilities Needs to be Further Promoted due to Increased Statutory Employment Rates

The Number of Part-time Workers in Labour Unions Has Increased and Various Institutions are Used as the Means to Solve Labour-management Disputes

1 The Number of Employed Persons with Disabilities is Increasing

3 The Number of Employed Persons with Disabilities is Greatest in the Manufacturing Industry

2 The Actual Employment Rate Increases with the Increasing Size of a Company

1 Compared to 20 Years Ago, the Number of Labour Unions and the Number of Union Members Have Decreased by More Than 10%

3 The Number of Labour Consultations Remains High and Petitioning for Labour Dispute Adjudication Has Become a Common Practice

4 The Percentages of Employed Persons with Physical Disabilities and Those with Intellectual Disabilities are High in the Manufacturing Industry, Whereas the Percentage of Employed Persons with Mental Disabilities is High in the Service Industry

2 The Number of Part-time Workers in Labour Unions Has Increased

4 Consultations on Retirement Account for the Highest Percentage of Labour Consultations

Note:Thestatutoryemploymentrateforprivateenterpriseswasrevisedto2.0%onApril1,2013(previously1.8%).Fortheemploymentrateandthenumberofemployedpersons,wecounted,asprescribedbylaw,onepersonwithseverephysicalorintellectualdisabilitiesastwo,onepart-timeworker(workerswhoseprescribedworkinghoursperweekaremorethan20hoursandlessthan30hours)withseverephysicalorintellectualdisabilitiesasonefull-timeworker,andonepart-timeworkerwithnon-severephysical,intellectual,ormentaldisabilitiesas0.5persons.PersonswithmentaldisabilitieswereincludedinthetargetsforthecalculationofemploymentrateonApril1,2006.

Note: FiguresareasofJune1ineachyear.Duetoasystemreform,figuresbefore2010andthoseafter2011shouldnotbecomparedatfacevalue.

Source: TokyoLaborBureauMaterials

Note: FiguresareasofJune1 ineachyear.Theagriculture, forestry,andfisheriesindustries andminingandquarrying of stoneandgravel industries areexcluded.


Note: FiguresareasofJune1ineachyear.Duetoasystemreform,figuresbefore2010andthoseafter2011shouldnotbecomparedatfacevalue.


Note: AsofJune1eachyear.Source: TokyoLaborBureauMaterials

Note: FiguresareasofJune30ineachyearandrepresentthenumberofunitlabourunions.

Source: MHLW“BasicSurveyonLabourUnions”

Note: Whenoneconsultationinvolvesmorethanoneissue,allissuesarecounted.“Bulliedandharassed”isincludedafterFY2008.ThelisteditemsarethetopsixitemsforFY2012.

Source: TMG“OutlineonLabourConsultationandMediation”

Note: AsofeachJune30.Source: TMGBureauofIndustrialandLaborAffairsResearch

Note: The labor tribunal systemwasestablished in2006.The figure for 2006representsfiguresfromApriltoDecember.

Source: CourtData

Actual employment rate by company size

2003

（％）

Legal employment rate 2.0

1.231.33

0.85Tokyo (50 to 299 employees)

Tokyo (1,000 or more employees)Nationwide

Tokyo (Overall)

Tokyo (300 to 999 employees)

1.88

1.69

1.66

1.51

0.93

1.96

1.761.721.57

0.96

1.48

1.50

04 05 06 07 08 09 10 1211 13

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0

Number of employed persons with disabilities and actual employment rate by industry (2013)

Mentally disabledIntellectually disabledPhysically disabled

40

30

20

10

0

321

(1,000 persons)

（%）

36.5

4.3 1.4

12.6 9.9

19.611.3

5.92.6 5.1 2.7 1.9

7.00.4

24.2

1.441.46 1.64

1.75

1.59

1.83

1.671.741.881.92 1.88

1.49 1.54

Legal employment rate 2.0

1.59 1.831.72

All

indu

strie

s

Con

stru

ctio

n

Man

ufac

turin

g

Ele

ctric

ity, g

as, h

eat s

uppl

y an

d w

ater

Info

rmat

ion

and

com

mun

icat

ions

Tran

spor

t and

pos

tal a

ctiv

ities

Who

lesa

le a

nd re

tail

trade

Fina

nce

and

insu

ranc

e

Rea

l est

ate

and

good

s re

ntal

and

leas

ing

Sci

entif

ic re

sear

ch, p

rofe

ssio

nal

and

tech

nica

l ser

vice

sA

ccom

mod

atio

ns, e

atin

g a

nd d

rinki

ng s

ervi

ces

Livi

ng-r

elat

ed a

nd p

erso

nal s

ervi

ces

and

am

usem

ent s

ervi

ces

Edu

catio

n, le

arni

ng s

uppo

rt

Med

ical

, hea

lth c

are

and

wel

fare

Com

poun

d se

rvic

es

Ser

vice

s, n

.e.c

.

Number of labour unions and number of union members

1963 68 73 78 83 88 93 98 08 132003

(10,000 persons)300

250

200

150

100

50

0

(Thousand unions)

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

5.85.8

9.49.4

7.57.57.77.7

214.8214.8

210.1210.1138.3138.3

243.9243.9

Number of labour unions (right scale)

Number of union membersNumber of union members

Number of labour consultations at Tokyo Metropolitan Labour Consultation Center

Number of petitions for labor tribunal filed with the Tokyo District Court

2003 04 05 06 07 08 09 1110 12 (FY)

2003 04 05 06 07 08 09 1110 12

258

1,100 1,053

1,2001,000

800600400200

0

6

4

2

0

(Cases)

(10,000 cases)

5.25.25.25.24.94.9

Employment in Tokyo – Labour Management RelationsEmployment in Tokyo –Persons with Disabilities

Component ratios of labour consultations by category

2003

Dismissal

Bullied and harassed

Unpaid wages

Labour contract

Retirement

Unemployment Insurance

（％）

04 05

14.2

11.3

8.5

5.4

4.4

6.4

10.7

8.8

7.97.36.8

4.7

06 07 08 09 1110 12 (FY)

15

12

9

6

3

0

Number of persons with disabilities employed by private companies

2007

9.3

08

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

009 10 1211 13

1.3

0.10.1

10.7

(10,000 persons)

10.5

1.8

0.40.412.7

Mentally disabled

Intellectually disabledIntellectually disabled

Physically disabledPhysically disabled

11.0

2.0

0.50.513.5

11.3

2.2

0.70.7

14.1

11.6

2.4

0.90.9

14.9

Number of part-time workers in labour unions, share of the total number of union members, and share of the

labour unions with part-time workers in the total number of labour unions

Percentage of part-time workers in labour unions to the total number of union members (right scale)

(10,000 persons)

（％）

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

16

12

8

Percentage of labour unions with part-time workers to the total number of labour unions

9.2

4.3

15.8 15.9

13.311.7

2003 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 1211 13

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

（％）

Number of union members who are part-time employeesNumber of union members who are part-time employees

28.228.2

24.324.3

8.78.7

Source: TMG“OutlineonLabourConsultationandMediation”

Physically disabled116.2

thousand persons

Intellectually disabled24.1

thousand persons

Mentally disabled8.9

thousand persons

Component ratio of employed persons with disabilities by industry (2013)

25.6 25.6

23.223.2

13.113.1 5.45.4 5.317.0

7.67.6 10.9 5.2 17.716.7

11.0 26.6

9.09.4

0 20 40 60 80 100（％）

6.56.5 4.5 15.112.1

Construction Manufacturing Electricity, gas, heat supply and waterInformation and communications Transport and postal activities Wholesale and retail trade Finance and insuranceReal estate and goods rental and leasingScientific research, professional and technical servicesAccommodations, eating and drinking servicesLiving-related and personal services and amusement servicesEducation, learning support Medical, health care and welfareCompound services Services, n.e.c. Others


The Labour Force affected by the Falling Birth Rate and ... · The Labour Force affected by the Falling Birth Rate and the Aging Population 1 The Number of Persons Not in the Labour

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