1 The Job Demands-Resources model and the international work context: A systematic review. Lucy TB Rattrie, Markus G Kittler, University of Stirling Submitted to the Journal of Global Mobility, Accepted September 2014 Abstract Purpose: This systematic review provides a synthesis and evaluation of literature surrounding the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model (Demerouti et al., 2001) with particular emphasis on establishing an evidence-based universal application towards different national and international work contexts. Design: The study uses a systematic review approach following the stages suggested by Tranfield et al. (2003). Based on empirical data from 62 studies, we systematically analyse the application of the JD-R model and query whether it is applicable outside merely domestic work contexts. Findings: We found convincing support for the JD-R model in different national contexts. However, we also found an absence of studies employing the JD-R model in cross-national settings. None of the empirical studies in the sample had explicitly considered the international context of today’s work environment or had clearly associated JD-R research with the IHRM literature. Research implications: Based on the wide acceptance of the JD-R model in domestic work contexts and the increased interest in work related outcomes such as burnout and engagement in the IHRM literature, our study identifies a gap and suggests future research applying the JD-R model to international work and global mobility contexts. It also provides a preview on potential job demands and resources relevant to the international work context. Originality: This study is the first to systematically assess the application of the JD-R model in domestic and international work contexts based on a systematic review of empirical literature accumulating since the inception of the model. Our study identifies a lack of internationally focussed JD-R studies and invites further empirical research and theoretical extensions. Keywords: Job characteristics, job demands, job resources, engagement, burnout, systematic review, IHRM, expatriates, international work
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1
The Job Demands-Resources model and the international work context:
A systematic review.
Lucy TB Rattrie, Markus G Kittler, University of Stirling
Submitted to the Journal of Global Mobility, Accepted September 2014
Abstract
Purpose: This systematic review provides a synthesis and evaluation of literature
surrounding the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model (Demerouti et al., 2001) with
particular emphasis on establishing an evidence-based universal application towards different
national and international work contexts.
Design: The study uses a systematic review approach following the stages suggested by
Tranfield et al. (2003). Based on empirical data from 62 studies, we systematically analyse
the application of the JD-R model and query whether it is applicable outside merely domestic
work contexts.
Findings: We found convincing support for the JD-R model in different national contexts.
However, we also found an absence of studies employing the JD-R model in cross-national
settings. None of the empirical studies in the sample had explicitly considered the
international context of today’s work environment or had clearly associated JD-R research
with the IHRM literature.
Research implications: Based on the wide acceptance of the JD-R model in domestic work
contexts and the increased interest in work related outcomes such as burnout and engagement
in the IHRM literature, our study identifies a gap and suggests future research applying the
JD-R model to international work and global mobility contexts. It also provides a preview on
potential job demands and resources relevant to the international work context.
Originality: This study is the first to systematically assess the application of the JD-R model
in domestic and international work contexts based on a systematic review of empirical
literature accumulating since the inception of the model. Our study identifies a lack of
internationally focussed JD-R studies and invites further empirical research and theoretical
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31
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Table I: Studies included in the systematic review (alphabetical order) No. Reference No. Reference (Cont’d)
1 Akkermans et al. (2009) 32 Kulik et al. (2009)
2 Bakker and Bal (2010) 33 Lee (2011)
3 Bakker et al. (2003a) 34 Lee et al. (2010)
4 Bakker et al. (2005) 35 Lewig and Dollard (2003)
5 Bakker et al. (2003b) 36 Lewig et al. (2007)
6 Bakker et al. (2003c) 37 Llorens et al. (2006)
7 Bakker et al. (2004) 38 Lu et al. (2011)
8 Bakker et al. (2007) 39 Makikangas et al. (2010)
9 Bakker and Schaufeli (2008) 40 Mauno et al. (2007)
10 Brenninkmeijer et al. (2010) 41 Peng and Chiu (2010)
11 Brummelhuis et al. (2010) 42 Perry et al. (2008)
12 De Lange et al. (2008) 43 Prieto et al. (2008)
13 Demerouti et al. (2001) 44 Rothmann and Joubert (2007)
14 Dikkers et al. (2010) 45 Rubino et al. (2009)
15 Dollard and Bakker (2010) 46 Salanova and Schaufeli (2008)
16 Grawitch, Barber and Kruger (2010) 47 Schaufeli and Bakker (2004)
17 Hakanen et al. (2005) 48 Schaufeli et al. (2009a)
18 Hakanen et al. (2006) 49 Schaufeli et al. (2009b)
19 Hakanen et al. (2011) 50 Siltaloppi et al. (2009)
20 Hakanen et al. (2008) 51 Simbula (2010)
21 Hall et al. (2010) 52 Sonnentag et al. (2010)
22 Hansen et al. (2009) 53 Thomas and Lankau (2009)
23 Hansez and Chmiel (2010) 54 Tims et al. (2011)
24 Houkes et al. (2008) 55 Van den Broeck et al. (2010)
25 Hu and Schaufeli (2011) 56 Van den Broeck et al. (2008)
26 Jackson et al. (2006) 57 Williams et al. (2009)
27 Jourdain and Chenevert (2010) 58 Williams et al. (2010)
28 Karatepe (2011) 59 Wittmer and Martin (2010)
29 Kim and Stoner (2008) 60 Xanthopoulou et al. (2009)
30 Knudsen et al. (2009) 61 Xanthopoulou et al. (2007b)
31 Kuhnel and Sonnentag (2011) 62 Xanthopoulou et al. (2008)
Table II: Regional/Country study scope showing support for the assumptions of the JD-R model1. Region Total Health Impairment Pathway Motivational Pathway Buffer Hypothesis Coping Hypothesis -Country N=622 Full support Partial support No support Full support Partial support No support Full sup. Part. sup. No sup. Full sup. Part. sup. No sup. Europe 40 -Belgium 4 55*, 56 12, 23, 56 -Finland 7 20, 50 18 8, 19MR, 20,
Asia 4 -China 3 25, 41 25 -Korea 1 33 33 Africa 4 -South Africa 4 26, 44 26, 44, 57, 58 44
1 Each number in the below columns refers to the study number found in table I. 2 The total numbers within regions/countries exceed the total number of studies assessed as some studies focus on more than one country. 3 Study conducted across two countries, yet considered as one sample: No. 52, Germany and Switzerland. * Studies providing cross-country comparisons: No. 37, Netherlands and Spain; No. 46, Netherlands and Spain; No. 55, Netherlands and Belgium. R Support of reverse pathway only, MR Support for main and reverse pathway.
Figure I: Key assumptions of the JD-R model Job resources