THE ISSUE OF FREEDOM AND ETHICAL RESPONSIBILIY IN ...hcma.vn/Uploads/2018/7/3/TT _T.Anh_ _ Hog.pdf · SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS FIELD OF STUDY: DIALECTICAL MATERIALISM AND HISTORICAL

HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS

NGUYEN THI KIM HONG

THE ISSUE OF FREEDOM AND ETHICAL RESPONSIBILIY

IN SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND

LESSONS LEARNED IN VIETNAM NOWADAYS

SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS

FIELD OF STUDY: DIALECTICAL MATERIALISM

AND HISTORICAL MATERIALISM

Code: 62 22 03 02

HA NOI - 2018

The thesis was completed at

Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics

Supervisors: 1. Assoc. Prof., Dr. Nguyan Anh Tuan

2. Dr. Phan Manh Toan

Reviewer 1: ..........................................................

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Reviewer 2: ..........................................................

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Reviewer 3: ..........................................................

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The thesis shall be defended in front of the Thesis Committee at

Academy Level at Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics

At...... hour....... date...... month...... year 2018

The thesis can be found at: the National Library

And the Library of Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics

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INTRODUCTION

1. The necessity of the thesis

In the context of globalization and international integration today,

people are paying attention to major issues such as pollution,

environmental degradation, paradoxes between technological

achievements and ethical behaviors of people, or the effects of

globalization on science and technology, and on the lives of people... all

of which are tasked with theoretical research and practical solutions.

Emerging among them is the ethical issues in general, and the freedom

and responsibility of human in the development of science and

technology in particular.

In the 21st century, modern science and technology has made

remarkable progress, achieving great achievements. However, there are

also the dangers of increasing the negative impacts on people and

society from the negative side of that development. This raises a number

of theoretical and practical issues that need to be resolved in order to

answer the question: how to combine harmoniously freedom of

creativity and responsibility, especially the ethical responsibility of the

subjects in scientific and technological activities, for a healthy

development of science and technology - where people can express their

full potential as well as the general development of human society?

In the process of industrialization, modernization and international

integration, Vietnam has been trying to absorb and apply many scientific

and technological achievements of the world, devoting many resources

for research and development of science and application of technology.

Despite the small achievements of science and technology, our national

technology has created a momentum for the country to develop in many

aspects from economics to politics and culture. However, besides being

aware of the great importance of science and technology for the

development of the country, we also need to understand deeply the

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problems that arise in scientific and technological activities that need to

be addressed such as freedom rights, free environment... in creativity

and application of science into production and life; the issue of how to

deal with the responsibility of subjects operating in the field of science

and technology? Which specific measures are needed to maximize the

strength of science and technology while ensuring the harmonious

combination of freedom and responsibility of individuals and

organizations operating in this field?

In that sense, we think that the selection of the subject of "The

issue of freedom and ethical responsibility in science and technology

and lessons for Vietnam nowadays" is a theoretically meaningful one

in general, not only contributes to the clarification of the dialectical

relationship between freedom and responsibility in science and

technology, but also to the practical implications for the development of

science and technology of our country in the context that we are entering

the knowledge economy and the revolution 4.0.

2. Research purposes and research tasks

2.1. Research purposes

The dissertation analyzes the basic contents of the issue of freedom

and ethical responsibility in scientific and technological activities in the

world in general and in Vietnam in particular, from which drawing

lessons for Vietnam today in combining harmoniously freedom and

ethical responsibility in science and technology.

2.2. Research tasks

Firstly, an overview of the work of freedom and ethical

responsibility in science and technology.

Secondly, clarifying common theoretical issues about freedom and

ethical responsibility in science and technology.

Thirdlt, to analyze the basic content of freedom and ethical

responsibility in science and technology.

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Fourthly, to generalize the issues and draw lessons for Vietnam

today in combining harmoniously freedom and ethical responsibility in

science and technology.

3. Subjects and scope of research

3.1. Research subjects

The subject of the thesis is the issue of freedom and ethical

responsibility in scientific and technological activities.

3.2. Research scope

- Scope of contents: The dissertation examines the basic contents

of the issue of freedom and ethical responsibility in scientific research

and application of technology. From the analysis of these basic contents,

the thesis draws some lessons for Vietnam today in combining

harmoniously freedom and ethical responsibility in this field of activity.

- Spatial and temporal scope: Freedom and ethical responsibility in

science and technology activities in Vietnam from 2007 until now - the

year when Vietnam officially became a member of the World Trade

Organization (WTO).

4. Theoretical bases and research methodologies

4.1. Theoretical bases

The dissertation is based on the Marxism-Leninism theoretical

foundation concerning the dialectical relationship between social

existence and social consciousness, between infrastructure and

superstructure, the nature and function of Forms of social consciousness

such as science and ethics. The dissertation also grasped the guidelines,

policies and views of the Party and the laws of the State of Vietnam on

the role of science and technology in the country's development.

In addition, the dissertation is conducted on the basis of absorbing

results of the domestic and overseas scientific works over the past period

which are related to the thesis topic.

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4.2. Research Methodologies

The dissertation is based on the use of materialist dialectical

methodology, using methods such as scientific abstraction, historical -

logic unification, unity of analysis - synthesis, interpretation - inductive,

comparison methods, contrasting, statistics...

5. New contributions of the thesis

- The thesis systematically analyzes the concepts of freedom and

ethical responsibility as well as the relationship between them in the

history of Western philosophical ideology.

- The thesis analyzes the expression of freedom and ethical

responsibility in scientific and technological activities in the world in

general, in Vietnam in particular. From then, the dissertation outlines

issues and draws some lessons for Vietnam today in combining

harmoniously freedom with ethical responsibility in science and

technology.

6. Theoretical and practical meanings of the thesis

6.1. Theoretical meaning of the thesis

The issues discussed and resolved by the thesis will contribute to

the clarification of the theory of freedom and ethical responsibility in

science and technology and lessons learned for Vietnam nowadays.

6.2. The practical meaning of the thesis

The dissertation can be used as reference material for students,

graduate students and those who are interested in studying ethics,

theoretical and practical issues on scientific and technological

development in the world and in Vietnam.

7. Structure of the thesis

Apart from the introduction, conclusion and reference list, the

thesis consists of 4 chapters and 12 sections.

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Chapter 1

OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH SITUATION

RELATED TO THE THESIS

1.1. Studies on the general theory of freedom and ethical

responsibility in scientific and technological activities

1.1.1. Common theoretical studies of freedom and ethical

responsibility

Freedom and responsibility are seen in different perspectives by

researchers in different disciplines such as philosophy, ethics, politics,

and culture. The most representative authors and researches are as

follows.

- Some studies focus exclusively on the concept of freedom, by E.

Fromm; K. Jaspers; E.V. Zolotukhiana-Abolina; John Stuart Mill; Vu

Trong Dung,... show that the authors agree that "freedom is the most

valuable asset; It never comes and goes away automatically. Humans

can only preserve freedom where it is conscious and people feel

responsible for it". It is a category of history - freedom is perceived and

explained in the course of the development of human history.

According to Nguyen Tran Bat, "Freedom is a parallel process of

thinking and acting"; Dinh Ngoc Thach points out that "freedom is the

sacred value and the essence of human nature, the ontological basis of

life. The category of "freedom" refers to human needs and capabilities in

activities that are consistent with their interests and goals, without

interference or obstruction from outside”.

- Some studies are more inclined to the concept of responsibility,

by Nguyen Van Thuc; Tran Duc Cuong; Nguyen Thi Lan Huong also

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agreed that responsibility is the ability of people to be aware of their

performance in the relationship between one person and another and

with the community as well as with the surrounding environment. These

are the constraints to our speech, our actions, ensuring our actions to be

right, and if not, to suffer the consequences and have the obligation to

handle those consequences.

1.1.2. Theoretical studies on scientific and technological activities

Out of the documents on scientific and technological activities, the

first to be mentioned is the Law on Science and Technology of Vietnam

in 2013. The Laws have explained the terms "science", "technology",

"scientific research", "technological development"…; These concepts

and others are also covered in the 2012 R & D Information Guide; The

authors more or less researched on science and technology activities

such as Phan Xuan Dung; Nguyen Van Phuc, Nguyen Thai Son,... have

the common idea that: science is the system of knowledge about nature,

society, thinking that is accumulated in the course of history. Science is

a summary of the long-term development of knowledge. The purpose of

science is to discover the nature and objective laws of the objects and to

explain them. Science is the most important part of spiritual culture, a

historical and social phenomenon that occurs in human life, an important

form of social consciousness. Technology is generally the method of

processing, manufacturing, changing the state, nature, shape of raw

materials or semi-finished products used in the production process to

create finished products.

1.1.3. Studies on the relationship between freedom and ethical

responsibility in science and technology

Research on the relationship between freedom and ethical

responsibility in scientific and technological activities is included in

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some ethics textbooks and works by authors such as Nguyen Dinh Hoa;

Nguyen Van Phuc, etc., which emphasizes the significant importance of

science and technology. However, the effects of a market economy on

science, technical and technology activities are often both positive and

negative. In turn, scientific and technological activities also have a

twofold impact on social development and ethics. In that relationship,

"science, engineering and technology, together with their achievements,

are the foundation, the basis for the formation and development of true

human values" and "the development of a modern scientific and

technological revolution and its gradual growth into direct production

force not only altered the position of people in the production process,

but also fundamentally changed the social production. Therefore,

science and technology also strongly influence the development of

morality, changing the scale of values and the rules governing the

workings of people and society". However, Its social and ethical

implications also cannot avoide the negative effects that the scientists

with the overviewing works initially pointed out.

1.2. Studies on the content of the issue of freedom and ethical

responsibility in science and technology

The issue of freedom and ethical responsibility in scientific and

technological activities in particular and labor and human production in

general are receiving the attention of the whole society. Recognizing the

importance of science and technology in social life, thanks to the

advances in science and technology, human beings have increasingly

understood the infinite world and gradually liberated labor, moving from

physical labour to using machines and intellectual work... The science

fields also provided people with new knowledge such as step by step

discovering the universe, exploring the natural world, providing

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knowledge that is useful for people. In the field of science and

technology, the relationship between freedom and ethical responsibility

has also been studied in works by prominent authors such as Thomas

Kuhn; Vuong Thi Bich Thuy; Nguyen Van Viet; Nguyen Trong Chuan;

Nguyen Thai Son, etc.

1.3. Studies on the lessons learned in the harmonious

combination of freedom and ethical responsibility in science and

technology activities in Vietnam nowadays.

To provide specific lessons for Vietnam in harmonizing the

development of freedom and enhancing ethical responsibility in science

and technology, the author of the thesis studied some of the researches

by the following authors: Nguyen Thi Lan Huong; Pham Van Duc; Le

Thi; Nguyen Van Viet; Nguyen Van Phuc; Nguyen Thai Son... In these

studies, the authors more or less discuss solutions to human

responsibility for the consequences of their scientific and technological

activities such as solutions to environmental issues, the problems of

biomedical technology... But it can be said: The answer to the question:

how to combine harmoniously free development with raising ethical

responsibility of the subjects in scientific and technological activities in

Vietnam in the process of industrialization and modernization, although

necessary, but so far, the author of the thesis has not found any research

on this issue in Vietnam. It can be said that this is a big gap to study.

1.4. The value of the reviewed works and the issues need

further studying and clarifying in the thesis

1.4.1. The value of the reviewed works

First of all, the above-mentioned research papers deal with

important aspects of the concept of freedom, the concept of

responsibility, the ethical responsibility; scientific and technological

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activities; the relationship between freedom and ethical responsibility in

science and technology.

Secondly, these studies at certain angles have analyzed the basic

content of the issue of freedom and ethical responsibility in science and

technology in general and in scientific and technological activities in

Vietnam in particular.

Thirdly, these studies are suggestions for the author of the thesis to

draw lessons for Vietnam today in combining harmoniously freedom

with ethical responsibility in science and technology.

However, no research has been conducted in depth from the

theoretical point of view to the contents and lessons learned in order

to develop freedom and enhance ethical responsibility of people in

scientific and technological activities in general and in Vietnam

today in particular, that is the large gap for the thesis author to carry

out the thesis.

1.4.2. Issues need further studying and clarifying

Firstly, to further study to clarify theories of freedom and

responsibility and ethical responsibility. In particular, the thesis should

clarify systematically how the relationship between freedom and

responsibility is expressed.

Next, in theory, the thesis needs to clarify the implication of the

concept of scientific and technological activities and define clearly, what

is freedom and ethical responsibility in scientific and technological

activities.

Secondly, to analyze the basic content of the issue of freedom and

ethical responsibility in scientific and technological activities and

identify some of the current issues for Vietnam in this area.

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Thirdly, to draw the key lessons for Vietnam today in combining

harmoniously freedom with ethical responsibility in science and

technology.

Thus, it can be said that the thesis topic is the inheritance of the

results of the previous theoretical researches on the issues of freedom

and responsibility in science and technology. However, the theoretical

and practical gaps in those studies and the importance of contributing to

the improvement of the gap in Vietnam in the process of

industrialization and modernization have inspired me to choose the

subject "The issue of freedom and ethical responsibility in science and

technology and lessons learned for Vietnam nowadays" as a research

topic in my thesis.

Chapter 2

SOME GENERAL THEORETICAL ISSUES ON FREEDOM

AND ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY IN

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ACTIVITIES

2.1. The concept of freedom and ethical responsibility

2.1.1. Conception of freedom

Freedom is the realization of objective laws and forces the subject's

activities to follow those laws in order to achieve their goals in the most

effective and optimal way.

Freedom is discussed in society, in the system of relationships

between people. Freedom requires mankind to create material values

and spiritual values through which each individual expresses his or her

full potential and inclination.

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Freedom is expressed in a concentrated and practical way in the

basic human rights. Freedom means that human beings have rights -

these rights are inviolable. The development and abundance of rights, as

well as the social guarantees for the exercise of those rights, have

become the criterion of free development and social progress.

2.1.2. The concept of responsibility, ethical responsibility

- Concept of responsibility

Responsibility is something that people must do and can not avoid.

Therefore, it is also the ability of people to be aware of the results of

their activities, and at the same time, the attitude of people in the

performance of obligations imposed by society. This attitude reflects the

level of fulfillment of moral obligation and the rule of law.

- Moral Responsibilities

From a conceptual point of view, it is possible to understand the

ethical responsibility as all the socially acceptable principles and norms,

but not yet (or not need to be) required by law. As a result, people are

self-adjusting their behaviors to suit the interests, happiness of others

and social progress.

Ethical responsibility is the most authentic form of responsibility.

It is higher, and includes both legal liability. Because wherever human

beings are, in whichever working and living environment, the moral

duty, the demand of the conscience itself, motivates the individual to

fulfill his assigned tasks and fulfilled the required legal liability. At the

same time, they are entitled to enjoy the material and spiritual interests

that have been promulgated by the State and the socio-political mass

organizations.

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2.1.3. The relationship between freedom and ethical responsibility

Freedom and responsibility are rich and varied. But their difference

is an integral and complementary relationship. There can be no

responsibility without freedom of choice and activity, nor can there be

pure freedom without regard to responsibility for others, to society. Only

free and responsible individuals can realize their full potential in social

action and only then open up their full potential.

2.2. Freedom, ethical responsibility in science and technology

2.2.1. The concept of scientific and technological activities

Scientific and technological activities are activities of scientific

research, experimental research and development, technology

development, application of technologies and services in science and

technology, promotion of inventions and other creative activities to

develop science and technology.

2.2.2. Definition of freedom in scientific and technological

activities

Freedom in scientific and technological activities is the ability of

subjects operating in the field of science and technology to understand

the permitted boundaries and ethical boundaries so that such subjects

can operate with the goal for human beings, for the development of the

whole of humanity. Thus, freedom in scientific and technological

activity is not merely a mental condition - the free state of scientists in

scientific research and application, but rather the process by which

Scientists and researchers have found the correct laws of movement and

development of things and phenomena in order to develop solutions

(invention) for practical application. That is, the scientific discoveries

and inventions of scientists that are applied in practice and are

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practically tested for their correctness are the true freedom of scientific

and technological activities.

2.2.3. The concept of ethical responsibility in scientific and

technological activities

Ethical responsibility in scientific and technological activities can

be understood as attitudes, behaviors and perceptions of subjects

operating in this field. It is the ethical responsibility of the scientist in

the course of his scientific research. It is the ethical responsibility of the

subjects in applying the results of scientific research into the realities of

life. The lack of responsibility is most apparent in the behavior of

enterprises using outdated scientific and technological products that no

longer conform to the standard of living of human beings to maintain

and develop production, in order to benefit themselves, which cause the

negative consequences for society. After the corporate responsibility, it

is necessary to note the responsibility of the state in the management of

scientific and technological activities.

2.3. The relationship between ethics and science and technology

The relationship between morality and science is one of the most

important aspects of human life. The more developed the society, the

more scientific achievements are achieved, the more human need

ethics. The relationship between science and morality is the

relationship between the true and the good. The ideal of science and

the ideal of morality are united. The virtue (morality) embraces the

truth (scientific truth) and in the truth embraces the good. True science

can not be hostile to progressive morality. No genuine scientific

invention does not bring joy and happiness to human. Scientific

knowledge also helps the moral subject to know, choose, evaluate the

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right moral values. In turn, it is moral awareness, especially moral

ideal, that plays no small role in creating one of the driving forces of

scientific development, of the quest for truth.

In summary, in this chapter, the thesis author has focused on

clarifying the concepts of freedom, responsibility, freedom in scientific

and technological activities, ethical responsibility in scientific and

technological activities, as well as the relationship between morality and

science and technology.

Chapter 3

BASIC CONTENTS OF FREEDOM AND ETHICAL

RESPONSIBILITY IN SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL

ACTIVITIES

3.1. Freedom in scientific and technological activities

3.1.1. Expression of freedom in science and technology

* Freedom in science and technology is evidenced by the fact that

human discoveries and inventions are increasing.

The great achievements of the modern scientific and technological

revolution - the result of the great development in scientific and

technological activities are excellent proofs, proving that scientists have

been increasingly free to research and apply their scientific inventions

and discoveries into reality, serving the needs of developing human life.

The achievements of scientific and technological activities are present in

all fields of study such as: electronic technology, information

technology, bio-medical technology...

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* Freedom in scientific and technological activities as human rights

Development is both a consequence of freedom and a prerequisite

for greater freedom. And, freedom has become a condition for the

development of modern science and technology. Freedom in scientific

and technological activities not only promotes the creativity of

individuals and organizations but also promotes the overall strength

from the existing ones, to create what is needed. Therefore, the society

needs to create all conditions and allow scientists to freely study, being

free to apply the results of scientific research to where, to what extent. In

addition, each country has its own strategy for developing its own

science and technology.

3.1.2. Limitations of freedom in science and technology

* Negative consequences in science and technology are one of the

limits of human freedom in this activity.

Economic and technological development facilitates human

development through increasingly fulfilling the material, health care,

education, and entertainment needs... All of these make the choice of

value as well as human activity more free and secured. However,

science and technology, and above all the revolution in modern science

and technology, and humanity is now entering the 4.0 technology

revolution with many of its flaws, such as: polluted ecological

environment, negative consequences of the Information Technology

Revolution such as cybercrime, the unresolved consequences of

Biomedical Technology, such as the result of nuclear technology,

aerospace technology, new materials technology... As can be seen, the

negative consequences and challenges from the achievements of science

and technology are many. What has been mentioned here are just

examples of some of today's typical technologies. That said, people

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(including in Vietnam) have not been able to master the process of using

technology to serve the economic development of the country. It is also

the limit of human freedom in science and technology.

* Responsibility, especially ethical responsibility, is also the

boundary of freedom of choice in the research of scientists.

Freedom in scientific research is the process by which scientists

are aware of the objective laws in order to proactively and actively

improve the development of society. As science and technology evolve,

human freedoms are more likely to be elevated, but it is not merely in

the field of perceiving things and phenomenon, but that follows a series

of ethical problems being set out. Thus, in this field of activity, human

freedom is limited freedom - relative freedom.

3.2. Ethical responsibility in scientific and technological

activities

3.2.1. Ethical responsibility of scientists in scientific research

* The ethical responsibility of the scientist during researching process

A morally responsible scientist is a scientist who raises a research

question that meets ethical standards, in the process of experimentation

or data collection, ethical responsibility requires the researcher to adhere

to the ethical standards and rules such as respecting the right of

participants in the study, and being honest such as not to change and

manipulate data. During the publication of research results, the ethical

responsibility of the researcher requires them to report fully and

accurately the data collected and to respect the standards concerning the

author of the journal article. Only then can science, as well as culture in

scientific research, survive.

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* The ethical responsibility of the scientist against the adverse

consequences that their research indirectly causes

The consequences of current scientific and technological activity

on human life are not to be taken lightly. Are scientists responsible for

the use and dissemination of their research results? This is a question

that goes through the evolution of science and technology.

3.2.2. Ethical responsibility of individuals and organizations in

applying technology into production and life

This responsibility first of all requires organizations and

individuals to prioritize investment in the production of new

technologies, new equipment, environmentally friendly products,

economical use of raw materials, to look for new materials in

production, to limit waste to the environment.

Firstly, the responsibility of the subjects of scientific and

technological activities concerning the issues of ecological environment.

Secondly, the ethical responsibility of organizations and

individuals applying technology to production and life to the existence

and development of human beings.

The most typical illustration can be found in the field of

biotechnology.

In biotechnology the "green revolution" that took place in the 60s

and 70s of the twentieth century saved many Asian and Latin

American countries out of famine, especially in Brazil and India. In

the beginning of the 1980s, humanity entered the second phase of this

revolution, focusing on the development and breeding of new high

yielding varieties, the construction of modern irrigation systems,

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increasing crop rotation and finding out what new chemicals were

available to ensure the growth of plants. However, right after that,

humans suffered the consequences of environmental pollution and

hygiene, food safety, which were resulted from genetic engineering

and other technologies. The impact of genetically modified products

on humans is unpredictable, and therefore is a major challenge for

humans; Studies in the area of cloning will be at risk of being abused

for inhumane purposes.

In summary, in this chapter, the author focuses on the basic

contents of the issue of freedom and ethical responsibility in science and

technology. Answering the question: What is the expression of freedom

in science and technology? What is the ethical responsibility of the

subjects operating in the science and technology field?

Chapter 4

FREEDOM AND ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY

IN SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES:

SOME ISSUES SET OUT AND LESSONS LEARNED FOR

VIETNAM NOWADAYS

4.1. Some issues of freedom and ethical responsibility in

scientific and technological activities set out nowadays

4.1.1. Issues set out for organizations and individuals involved in

research and application of science and technology

Firstly, freedom and ethical responsibility in scientific and

technological activities pose the problem of the limits of scientific and

technological innovation.

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Secondly, freedom and ethical responsibility in scientific and

technological activities raise the issue on ethical foundations of

scientific and technological activities.

4.1.2. The issue set out for the subjects managing scientific and

technological activities

Firstly, the problem of fraud in scientific research tends to

increase.

The problem is that the managing subjects at all levels, from the

grassroots to the central state, must prevent and cope with the forms of

fraud in scientific activities so effectively that the science really

develops and benefits the society and brightens the personality of the

scientist?

Secondly, the intellectual property platform in scientific and

technological activities is incomplete, inconsistent and unstable.

Thirdly, to ensure the practice of true democracy in science and

technology.

Fourthly, the legal management and coordination of scientific and

technological activities are lacking and weak, inconsistent and

incomprehensible.

4.2. Lessons learned for organizations and individuals involved

in research and application of science and technology

4.2.1. Organizations and individuals engaged in scientific and

technological research and application should clearly define the limits

of scientific and technological creations

Determining the threshold of freedom in scientific creativity is

essential because it will determine the direction of research results.

Freedom in the creation of science and technology is the "mastering" of

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their creativity in the positive aspects. Organizations and individuals,

when participating in scientific and technological activities, must make

a clear choice that human beings master science and technology, not

vice versa.

4.2.2. Organizations and individuals engaged in scientific and

technological research and application should be well aware of the

moral foundations of scientific and technological creations

In terms of ethics, especially from the relationship of freedom and

responsibility in ethics, it can be said that the problem of controlling the

reverse and negative aspects of scientific and technological activities has

become a global issue. Addressing global issues has become an urgent

task of the present day, drawing the attention of most scientists and

governments around the world. In their "liberty", the development of

science and technology is required to be "driven" by timely interventions

through a number of measures so that the development path does not

deviate from the rule of sustainable development.

4.3. Lessons learned for the State of Vietnam in the

management of scientific research and application of technology

nowadays

4.3.1. Addressing the problem of fraud in scientific research

nowadays

Fraudulent evil in scientific research is becoming more and more

popular in the world and Vietnam is not excluded with many forms of

expression. Experience from abroad provides us with some lessons on

how to solve this problem for the universities in our country.

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Firstly, the Ministry of Science and Technology should have a unit

to deal with and handly cases of fraud in science.

Secondly, educating scientific ethics for intellectuals since they

were students

Thirdly, in our country, cheating in scientific research has the most

manifestations in plagiarism. In our opinion, apart from teaching

students to distinguish between plagiarism and properly, honestly and

extensively quoting to deal with plagiarism, or "knowledge fraud" in our

country, it is necessary to reform from the education system.

4.3.2. Strengthening the intellectual property in scientific and

technological activities

Intellectual property is the possession of the creation of wisdom.

Therefore, ensuring intellectual property rights are the work of the State

for individuals to control the proprietary rights of their intellectual

property within a certain period of time, in order to prevent the free

exploitation of such products. Intellectual property in scientific and

technological activities is often understood to include the following

rights: industrial property; copyrights and rights related to copyright;

rights to plant varieties.

4.3.3. To build a democratic environment in scientific and

technological activities

Democratization in decision-making on science and technology

will be a necessary condition for ensuring social control of scientific and

technological achievements.

Firstly, democracy is for the subjects involved in scientific research.

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Secondly, democracy in identifying, selecting scientific research tasks.

Thirdly, democracy in the process of carrying out scientific

research tasks.

Fourthly, democracy in the evaluation and acceptance of results of

scientific research tasks.

Fifthly, democracy (fair rights - obligations) of interests in

scientific research.

4.3.4. To legalize some ethical responsibilities in scientific and

technological activities

In order to effectively limit the adverse effects of scientific and

technological development, scientific inventions and their use, there

must be a legally binding force that makes the responsibility of scientists

and users of scientific results are carried out in the most serious way.

In summary, in this chapter, the author of the thesis outlined the

issues of freedom and ethical responsibility in scientific and

technological activities set out for Vietnam nowadays. From that, the

author drew lessons learned for Vietnam nowadays in this regard.

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CONCLUSION

Nowadays, the revolution in science and technology on a global

scale has been making human freedoms and responsibilities more

advanced and richer than ever. The most fundamental factors regulating

the process of social modernization, such as market economy,

technological advancement, democratization, globalization, are strongly

promoted, but at the same time set great challenge to the development of

freedom and responsibility of human beings. These factors are creating

conditions, better guarantees both physically and mentally the

development of freedom and responsibility of human beings. Economic

and technological development facilitates human development through

increasing fulfillment of the material, health care, education, entertainment

needs... The development of democracy facilitates the broadening of

human rights: freedom of business, freedom of residence, freedom of

religious activity, freedom of association, freedom of full participation in

political, cultural and social life... All of these make the choice of value as

well as activities of human more free and guaranteed. At the same time,

through these freed activities, human’s responsibility for the community,

society and for humanity is also increasing and improving. However, in

the context of globalization nowadays, with the emergence and increasing

of seriousness of global problems, human freedoms and responsibilities are

also facing serious challenges. Human life, i.e. the right to live, and other

human freedoms, is being threatened by the AIDS epidemic, terrorism,

regional warfare, environmental pollution, etc.

These and several other issues are demanding not only the

enhancement of responsibility of not only international organizations,

nations, and peoples, but also the whole humanity. And, it is in raising the

responsibility to solve the problems that arise from the process of

modernization and globalization, that freedom of each and every human

can be raised to a new height.

24

In the process of natural transformation and improvement, self-

improvement, people always clash with complicated problems, where

there is the right, the wrong, the good, the bad interlaced together

unpredictably. What is happening today in the field of science and

technology is posing to human beings a great challenge to the

development of each individual and the society. That requires a long-term

development strategy for the society. Lesson learned about human’s

destruction of the environment when abusing the achievements of the

scientific and technological revolution is still there. Although today,

people are implementing a long-term development strategy, the negative

consequences are still going on in the negative direction. These

consequences are continuing to affect both human beings and human

society. People can not sit still waiting for the disaster to fall on his or her

head. Moreover, these disasters are man-made. What must be done so

that human and human society can continue to grow?

Perhaps the most common answer to the science and technology

development strategy is to aim for the highest: for human life as a social

biology entity and for the development of society as an integral part of

the natural-social system. Any development of science and technology, or

of human creativity, becomes meaningless, if that development harms the

people and its living environment. Therefore, in the long-term

development strategy of human society, it is necessary to fully and

seriously consider the safety of human natural and social nature. This is

only when the responsible people in the social community are able to

work out and control the policies and laws that are right with profound

humanism. As for creators and applicants of science and technology, it is

necessary to associate the immediate interests of oneself with the long-

term interests of the community, to recognize human responsibility,

citizen responsibility, professional conscience in the work they are doing.

How future society will be is in the hands of today's generations.

LIST OF THE WORKS PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR

RELATED TO THE THESIS

1. Nguyen Thi Kim Hong (2013), "Freedom in modern science and

technology revolution", Journal of Marine Science and

Technology, (35).

2. Nguyen Thi Kim Hong (2016), "Talking about the terim “responsibility",

In the book Philosophical research in Vietnam nowadays -

Theoretical issues, Faculty of Philosophy - University of Social

Sciences, National University of Hanoi, National Political -

Truth Publishing House, Hanoi.

3. Nguyen Thi Kim Hong (2017), "The Problem of Freedom in

Scientific Research", Journal of Education & Society, (76).

4. Nguyen Thi Kim Hong (2017), "Ethical responsibility of Scientists in

Scientific Research", Journal of Education & Society, (8).

5. Nguyen Thi Kim Hong (2017), "The Problem of Ethical responsibility

in Scientific Research", Journal of Theoretical Education, (264).

6. Nguyen Thi Kim Hong (2017), "The Karl Marx’s Perspectives on the

Role of Science and Technology in Production Development and

the Application by our Party", Journal of the Frontier, (169).