The Issue

What is the relationship between pedagogy, student engagement and literacy?

Daniel Bayer & Geraldine Castleton

The Issue• OAC is a Category 2 SES

At Risk7%

Curriculum Choice (Total)

13%

Home Schooler

3%

Medical Issues (Total)62%

Overseas SA resident (home-based)

1%

Remote & Isolated

2%

Travellers8%

Vocational3%

ContextDistance education via virtual classroom

Stage 1 Engagement (first intervention)

Middle Years Review

Integrated, interactive, online units with a

student interest focus

Team of teachers

Individual Learning Plans

Differentiated curriculum

Engagement Matrix (ICAN)

Results

Significan

tly dise

ngage

d

Partly

disenga

ged

Moderatel

y enga

ged

Very en

gaged

Extre

mely en

gage

d0

102030405060

Wellbeing

At enrolment2011

%

Significan

tly dise

ngage

d

Partly

disenga

ged

Moderatel

y enga

ged

Very en

gaged

Extre

mely en

gage

d0

102030405060

Involvement in learning

At enrolment2011

%

Significan

tly dise

ngage

d

Partly

disenga

ged

Moderatel

y enga

ged

Very en

gage

d

Extrem

ely en

gage

d0

102030405060

Relationships

At enrolment2011

%

Results

7 8 90

102030405060708090

100

Attendance rates

200920102011

Year level

%

E D C B A05

10152025303540

Grades

200920102011

Grades

%

2008 2009 2010 20110

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Work return

Needs ImprovementSatisfactory

Year

%

Stage 2 Pedagogy (Second intervention)

Focus on literacy• Few areas of the curriculum have received the level of

attention of literacy research.

• The imperative for this focus comes from the significance of literacy – literacy competence is central to learning, and critical for individual’s success in contemporary society (Clay, 2006; Freebody, 2007; Dugdale & Clark, 2008; Rupley & Rasinski, 2010).

Research Background• Literacy has power to impact on individual’s

economic well-being, aspirations, family life, health and civic /cultural engagement (Dugdale & Clark, 2008; Reschly, 2010).

• Individuals with well-developed literacy levels reach higher level of educational attainment, achieve better outcomes in the labour market, are more likely to have access to technology, less likely to receive state benefits, more likely to own their own home and be more likely to be involved in democratic processes such as voting (Dugdale & Clark, 2008; Reschly, 2010).

Research Background• OAC was already making changes that impacted on

student performance.

• My goal was to help shape their work as they moved to a focus on literacy in particular and to assist in ensuring the manageability, relevance and validity of what they had proposed.

• This work required a systematic approach that recognised the significance of literacy and of literacy pedagogy in effective planning for maximising student learning.

Research BackgroundConsistent with literature on leading for literacy in schools (e.g. Castleton et al, 2011; Dole, 2004; Gilrane et al, 2008; Sharratt & Fullan, 2006; Murphy, 2004), OAC adopted the following strategies:• a strong commitment from leadership to support staff,

students and parents (carers);• a whole-school approach to literacy planning & teaching

that was context-grounded, articulated clear goals and accountability;

• a shared vocabulary on literacy planning, teaching and assessment;

• a needs-based approach to teacher professional learning;• action research approach with strong emphasis on

continuous improvement (reflective practitioner)

Literacy Literacy Plan R – 12 Site Improvement Plan

PALLS training Staff training (Stepping Out, First Steps, Phonics)

Wave 3 – 5 (1-on-1) sessions/week of literacy and numeracy for students with

greatest needs. Wave 2 - 2 (1-on-1) sessions/week of literacy and numeracy for students with significant needs.

Action ResearchQualitative data

3 – 9 profile.

Parent, student and teacher questionnaires.

Student Engagement Matrix.

observation and anecdotal comments on the

implementation of various strategies.

anecdotal records of student progress and attitudes

Action ResearchQuantitative Data

student PAT Reading and Spelling.

Individual Learning Plans.

Attendance.

Work return.

Sig-nif-

cantly dis-en-

gaged13%

Partly dis-en-

gaged29%

Mod-er-

ately en-

gaged42%

Very en-

gaged16%

WellbeingBase Line data Engagement

Significantly disengaged2%Partly

dis-en-

gaged29%

Moderately engaged47%

Very en-

gaged22%

Learning

Base Line data Literacy

Wave 3

23%

Wave 2

34%

Caution19%

Wave 1

23%

Spelling

Wave 328%

Wave 2

25%

Caution22%

Wave 1

25%

Reading

Intervention Action based on Base Line data Diagnostic testing of all incoming year 8 & 9 along with

ongoing monitoring to inform practice.

Differentiated curriculum to cater for individual needs and build on individual strengths.

Wave 3 – 5 (1-on-1) sessions/week of literacy and numeracy for students with greatest needs in addition.

Wave 2 - 2 (1-on-1) sessions/week of literacy and numeracy for students with significant needs in addition.

Special Education teacher support for students with Negotiated Education Plans.

Term 4, 2013 further data collection to review the intervention and plan for further action.

Opportunities1. Innovations Research Conference

an understanding of : Planning & conducting Quantitative and Qualitative

Research Extraneous variables

2. Professor Geraldine Castleton (critical friend) Clarified OAC’s Action Research (Intervention) Confirmed and clarified legitimacy of tools and collection

methodology Guided development of the parent, student and staff surveys Clarified OAC’s caveats, extraneous variables

3. Researcher Sarah Quinn (PhD Candidate) Developing interview questions for parent, students

and staff Conducting and analysing interview data

Challenges Continual enrolments.

New contract teachers.

Distance.

ReferencesCastleton, G., Moss, T. & Milbourne, S. (2011) Challenges in Leading for Literacy in Schools in T.Le, Q. Le & M. Short, Language and Literacy Education in a Challenging World. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Dugdale, G & Clark, C. (2008) Literacy changes lives: An advocacy resource. UK:National Literacy Trust.Freebody, P. (2007) Literacy education in school: Research perspectives from the past, for the future. Australian Education Review: Camberwell, Victoria: Australian Council for Education Research.Gilrane, C., Roberts, M. & Russell, L (2008) Building a community in which everyone teaches, learns and reads: A case study. The Journal of Educational Research, 101(16), 333-349. Murphy, J. (2004) Leadership for literacy: A framework for policy and practice. School Effectiveness & School Improvement, 15(1), 65 – 96.Reschly, A. (2010) Reading and School completion; Critical connections and Matthew Effects. Reading and Writing Quarterly, 26, 67-90.Sharratt, L. & Fullan, M. (2006) Accomplishing district wide reform. Journal of School Leadership, 16,583-595.