The IoT Challenges-A Practical Approach Prof. K.RAGHAVENDRA RAO PRINCIPAL SKU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY ANANTAPURAMU 515003 The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
The IoT Challenges-A Practical ApproachProf. K.RAGHAVENDRA RAO
PRINCIPAL
SKU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
ANANTAPURAMU 515003
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
Agenda
•
•
•
Definitions of IoT
Market forecast
IoT Technology Enablers• Devices, Communication, Protocols, Architecture, Security, Databases
IoT RoadMap
Future Internet• Design
• Digital Economy
Tech trends
Applications• New tech Developments
• Research Needs
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•
•
•
IoT - Definitions
“The Internet of Things is a systemwhere the Internet is connected tothe real world via ubiquitous sensors”
Kevin Ashton, "That 'Internet of Things' Thing", RFID Journal,22 June 2009 – co-founder of MIT Auto ID Center which
developed EPC/UHF RFID
“IoT is a global dynamic network
infrastructure capable of auto-
configuration based around
standardised interoperable
communication protocols. Physical
and virtual ´things´ have identities
and attributes which are capable of
utilising inteligent interfaces and be
integrated to a information
network”.
Shancang Li & Li Da Xu & Shanshan Zhao, “The internet of things: a survey”, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Department of InformationTechnology and Decision Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA, School of Computing, University of the West of Scotland, April 2014“The capacity of sensing the environment through a population of objects in that environment became
synonym to pervasive computing. The sensor network is the main enabler of IoT which intermitently
sample-compute-actuate.”
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
What is IoT?The Internet of Things (IoT) is the
network of physical objects—devices, vehicles, buildings and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity—that enables these objects to collect and exchange data
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
Various Names, One Concept
• M2M (Machine to Machine)
• “Internet of Everything” (Cisco Systems)
• “World Size Web” (Bruce Schneider)
• “Skynet” (Terminator movie)
Education – Partnership – Solutions
Information SecurityOffice of Budget and Finance
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
IoT MarketForecast 202016.9% (devices,
services) – from
to $1.7 trillion in
HVAC, smart
$200 Bn by 2020,
devices such as smart
agriculture, container
airplanes, etc – to
2020.
generation will be
services & solutions,
enabling the
Annual groth rate
connectivity & TI
$655.8 billion 2014
2020◦ Intelligent lighting,
buildings – to reach
◦ Vertical specific
surgery rooms, smart
tracking, ships,
reach $667 Bn by
◦ In general, value
provided by IT
BigData & Analytics
d-Business age.
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
Internet of Things The story so far:
ECG sensor
Motion sensor
Motion sensor
Future: Cloud, Big (IoT) Data Analytics,
Interoperability, Enhanced Cellular/Wireless Com. for IoT, Real-
world operational use-cases and Industry and B2B services/applications,
more Standards…
Physical-Cyber-Social Systems, Linked-
data, semantics,More products, more heterogeneity,solutions for control and monitoring,
…
RFID based
solutions
Wireless Sensor andActuator networks
, solutions for communication
technologies, energyefficiency, routing, …
Smart Devices/Web-enabled Apps/Services,
initial products,vertical applications, early
concepts and demos, …
IoT – Enabling technologies• Ubiquitous/pervasive computing: Although
small computing devices and the ubiquitous
services derived from their data is probably
a
requirement for the IoT, pervasive
computing is NOT the IoT.
• The Internet Protocol: Widely used globally for
clients and servers, however many objects in
the IoT will not be able to run an Internet
Protocol.
• Communication technologies: Very importantpart in the IoT. There is a myriad of emerging
wireless communication such as WiFi,
Bluetooth, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, LTE, LoRa
available to the IoT.• Embedded devices: RFID or wireless sensor networks (WSN), may be part of the IoT - but as stand
aloneapplications (intranets) they miss the back-end information infrastructures necessary to create newservices. The
IoT has come to mean much more that just networked RFID systems. RFID systems are standardized - WSN still
lacks that !
• Applications: IoT applications need to explore the infrastructure in full – small applications cannot be referred as IoT without real impact on a global Internet.
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
HW – Sensor Devices: widely available
Ready to use sensors:• Humidity, Temperature (air/soil/water), humidity on leaves, pH, Calcium, Nitrate, Wind Speed, Atmospheric
pressure, solar radiation, pluviometre, stem diametre, luminosity, watering, reservoir levels, liquid flux, gas flux etc
Source: libelium.com
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
Wireless Communication for IoT
Standard: IEEE802.11n
2.4/5Ghz
Range: up to 50m
Up to 1Gbit/s
Secure Supply Chain
Two way secure
communication v2 – AES
Standard: ISO/IEC 18000-63
915 Mhz
Range: 7m / anti-collision up
tp 600 tags/s
115,2kbps
6LoWPAN / Mobile
Standard: BLE 4.22.4Ghz
Range: up to 150m
1Mbps
Ticketing / authentication
Two way secure
communication – AES
Standard: ISO/IEC 18000-3C
13,56 Mhz
Range: 10cm
10-420kbps
Mesh / Industrial
Standard: IEEE802.15.4
2.4Ghz
Range: up to 100m
250kbps
Mesh / Home
Standard:Z-Wave
Alliance ZAD12837 / ITU-
T G.995
900 Mhz
Range: up to 30m
100kbps
WAN / M2M
Standard:LoRa
various
Range: 15-20km
0,3-50kbps
WAN / M2M
Standard:Sigfox
UHF 900 Mhz
Range: 30-50km
10-1000bps
Mesh / Home / Mobile
Standard: IEEE802.15.4 /
6LoWPAN
2.4 Ghz Mhz
Range: N/A
N/A
WAN / M2M
Standard:Neul
UHF 900/458/470-490 Mhz
Range: 10km
10-100 kbps
6LoWPANStandard: RFC6282 / spec
IPv6 / TCP /MQTT / CoAP
900 Mhz / 2.4 Ghz etc
Range: N/A
N/A
Mobile / Celular
Standard: GPRS/UMTS-HSPA/LTE900/1800/1900/2100 Mhz
Range: avg 30km / 200km for HSPA
35kbps-10Mbps
TThe IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
IoT – communication protocols
MQTT (formerly Message Queue Telemetry Transport) is an ISO standard (ISO/IEC PRF20922) Client Server publish-subscribe based "light weight" messaging protocol for use
on top of the TCP/IP (MQTT-S runs on top of UDP) for constrained environments such as
M2M and IoT:
◦ MQTT brokers available: ActiveMQ, Apollo, HiveMQ, IBM MessageSight, JoramMQ, Mosquitto, RabbitMQ, Solace Message Routers, and VerneMQ
CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) - intended to be used in very simple electronics
devices such as low power sensors (M2M and IoT) – it is Web Services oriented. Runs on
top of UDP. See RFC 7252. Already implemented in most programming languages.
REST API, XMPP
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
Security Issues in IoT– big challenge
• Single security model for all IoT communications
• Data stream access controls
• Tracking device metadata
• Secure provisioning in the field
• Firmware updates in the field
• Compliance with global regulations
• Leaving security up to each IoT project team
• To secure IoT, we must define
the IoT
• Unprotected devices on the
Internet will be attacked
• Encryption is needed
throughout the data lifecycle
• ** implement security already
deployed in NFC / RFID into
motes: tough ! ** sugestion
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
Advanced Encryption Standards (AES)
The Need for Big Data
Growth in connections generatesunparalleled scale of data
Sensors
Devices
Systems
Things
Processes
People
Industries
Products
Services
Internet of Things
Smart Homes
Connected Cars
Intelligent Buildings Intelligent Transport
SystemsSmart Meters and Grids
Smart Retailing Smart Enterprise
Management
Machine-to-Machine
Building
automation
Manufacturing
Security
Utilities
Internet of ThingsTelemetry and
TelematicsSmart Systems
(Intelligence in Subnets of Things )Remotely controlled and
managedMonitored
Isolated(autonomous, disconnected)
Source: Machina Research 2014
Ten
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The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
Data Lifecycle - challenge“Data will come from various source and from different platforms and various systems.”This requires an ecosystem of IoT systems with several backend support components (e.g. pub/sub,storage, discovery, and access services). Semantic interoperability is also a key requirement.
Source: The IET Technical Report, Digital Technology Adoption in the Smart Built Environment: Challenges and opportunities of
data
driven systems for building, community and city-scale applications,
http://www.theiet.org/sectors/built-environment/resources/digital-technology.cfm
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
IoT : ex. Remote Condition Monitoring
IoT
Vehicle Driver▪ On-board diagnostics▪ Information about other vehicles, e.g. to
unload harvest
Vehicle Operations▪ Intelligent monitoring of machine KPIs
and fluid analysis▪ Optimum servicing intervals
Vehicle▪ Equipped with telematics unit▪ Sensors to monitor moving parts,
hydraulics liquids, etc
Partners▪ Service provider▪ Repair specialist and vehicle
manufacturers
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
IoT-Platformsand Database-Systems
M2M & IoT Application
PlatformsData Databases
NoSQL(MongoDB, Cassandra, etc.)
for agility and
heterogeneity
Scalability
Flexibility
Analytics
Unified View
Scalability
Heterogeneity
Agility & Flexibility Hybrid(SAP Hana, VoltDB, etc.)
for speed and
heterogeneity
in
Applications, Devices
and Connectivity
in
Data SQL(Oracle, IBM, etc.)
for structured data
Source: Machina Research 2014
TThe IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
IoT – 6A Conectivity
The Internet of Things could allow people and things to be connectedAnytime, Anyplace, with Anything and Anyone, ideally using Anypath/network and Any service.
“From anytime, anyplace connectivity for anyone, we will now have
connectivity for anything” (ITU)
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
Smart object dimensions:
Activity-aware objects, policy-aware objects, and process-aware objects.
• Three design dimensions to use
in the design of “Internet of
smart objects.”• Smart objects are able to sense, interpret, and react to external such as:
• Convergence, Content, Collections (Repositories), Computing, Communication, and Connectivity
allowing seamless interconnection between people and things and/or between things and
things.
•The IoT could imply a symbiotic interaction between the real/physical, world, and thedigital/virtual world: physical entities have digital counterparts and virtual representation;
• things become context aware and they can sense, communicate, interact, exchange data, information and knowledge.
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
Future Internet
• Future Internet considers the
fusion of IoT, IoP, IoE, IoM and IoS
in a global IT platform
interconnecting intelligent things
and objects.
• IoP (Internet of People) will
interconnect people maintaining
their control over online activities
in organisations, communities –
information producers and
consumers (“prosumers”).
• IoE (Internet of Energy) – dynamic
infrastructure connecting energy
with the Internet – for
generationand distribution of
energy packets where and when
necessary.
• IoS (Internet of Services) denotes a network which will deliver service componentes through the Internet enabling SOA, Web/enterprise 3.0/X.0, Interoperability among enterprises, Web Services, GRID and Semantic Web between consumers and producers.
• IoM (Internet of Media) will address the challenges of coding and processing of scalable vídeo for multi playersin gaming environments, digital cinema and virtual worlds which will demand new strategies for data traffic
and mobile architectures.
TThe IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
Object connected to Internet of Things and their three mainchallenging domains: Technologies— Communication —Intelligence
At the conceptual level the IoT technology represents the “middleware” between the implementation and grand
challenges such as climate change, energy efficiency, mobility, digital society, global health and enabling
technologies such as nanoelectronics, communication, sensors, smart phones, embedded systems, cloud computing
and software technologies.
These challenges will eventually create new products, new services, new interfaces and new applications. The grand
challenges will also drive the creation of new environments and intelligent ambients.
TThe IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
D-Business – 2016 onwardsDIGITAL BUSINESS IS A NEW BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH THE PHYSICAL AND
VIRTUAL WORLDS HAVE MERGED. – Fredy
Valente -
IoT allied with the development of emergent
Internet Technologies such as IoE, IoP, IoM, IoS
and business solutions form the infrastructure to
the digital society based on knowledge and
innovation.
D-business attributes:
❖ Nearly all physical and assets in the value chain are digital. ❖ Consumer and business solution modules are engaged via digital means. Most
sales, deliveries and services are automated. Most analog or human dependent
tasks are eliminated by automation using IoT, intelligent agents and robots.
❖ Employees are engaged via digital means and collaborate in teams.
❖ Tangible revenue and value are generated in a digital manner.
❖ Things (physical and virtual) become agents of themselves for people and
business and are able to provide services and answers to requests in the place of
humans
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
Technological Trends
❖ Re-design of mechnisms to find,
fetch and transmit data which is
collected and enchanged by
interconnect IoT objects: todas
energy consumption is at its limits
❖ Autonomic Energy Harvesting
devices and systems: from tiniest
smart dust to huge data centers❖Miniturization of devices with the objective on reaching a single electron
transistor (depends heavily on new discoveries in physics)
❖ Autonomous and responsible behaviour of resources: systems / devicesshould become self-managed / self-healed and self-configured.
The Key to address these macro trends in IoT is research and development inglobal intersectoral / interdisciplinary areas. High degree of complexity.
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
Social media
analysis/ Dataand EventVisualisation
Tweets from a city
City Infrastructure
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
,
Some IoT Challenges – in conclusion
•IoT data analytics are a new challenge to big data analytics.
•Data collection in the IoT challenges the bandwidth, network and other resources.
•Data collection, delivery and processing is also depended on multiplelayers of the network – there are lots of work here !
•We need more resource-aware data analytics methods and cross-layer optimisations – some decisions need to be made locally !
•The solutions should work across different systems and multipleplatforms (Ecosystem of systems).•Data sources are more than physical (sensory) observation – virtual smart objects are also a part of IoT !•The IoT requires integration and processing of physical-cyber-social data: huge challenge !•The extracted insights and information should be converted to a feedback and/or actionable information – remote and monitoring intelligent control challenge !
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
Photo graph of the total hardware
Gate Way Unit
Temperature and Humidity sensor
Soil Moisture sensor
Power supply system
CC3200 LaunchPad
pH sensor
Cloud data on Laptop
25
34
Agriculture is not crop production as popular belief holds - it's the production of food and fiber from the world's land and waters. Without agriculture it is not possible to have a city, stock market, banks, university, church or army. Agriculture is the foundation of civilization and any stable economy.
Future Developments (1)
Ref: Internet of Things Strategic Research Roadmap, IfM – University of Cambridge
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
Future Developments (2)
Ref: Internet of Things Strategic Research Roadmap, IfM – University of Cambridge
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
Research Needs (1)
Ref: Internet of Things Strategic Research Roadmap, IfM – University of Cambridge
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
Research Needs (2)
Ref: Internet of Things Strategic Research Roadmap, IfM – University of Cambridge
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
Research Needs (3)
Ref: Internet of Things Strategic Research Roadmap, IfM – University of Cambridge
TThe IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016
Research Needs (4)
Ref: Internet of Things Strategic Research Roadmap, IfM – University of Cambridge
The IoT Challenges –A Practical Approach 20/12/2016