1 The International Year of Sanitation 2008 – How do donors contribute? ”Kretsløpsdagen 4.6.2008 University of Life Sciences, UMB, Ås Semund Haukland, Norad What’s happening? This presentation: •covers parts of what’s happening at global, regional and local level • will give a brief introduction to monitoring of the MDGs Important: •The role of donors is limited, and is only supplementary to what is being done by the contries and people themselves!
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The International Year of Sanitation2008
– How do donors contribute?
”Kretsløpsdagen 4.6.2008University of Life Sciences, UMB, Ås
Semund Haukland, Norad
What’s happening?
This presentation:•covers parts of what’s happening at global, regional and local level• will give a brief introduction to monitoring of the MDGs
Important: •The role of donors is limited, and is onlysupplementary to what is being done by the contries and people themselves!
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Women/children + latrined
Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation
MDG 7, Target 10
UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY DECLARES 2008 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF SANITATION
Dec. 20, 2006
"The absence of sanitation and hygiene from muchof the discussion about water, health and development has found various explanationsover the years. What is clear is that excreta and its disposal have been and continue to be, unpopular subjects from the local to international levels. Without strong championsto raise public awareness and generate concern, the sanitation crisis has not been met withanything resembling the kind of responsenecessary to make substantial and sustainablegains.”
- UN Millennium Project Task Force on Water and Sanitation
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UNSGAB believes that the IYS:
• is a critical mechanism for finding “strongchampions” who will respond to the world'ssanitation crisis,
• stimulate a frank dialogue at all levels while• creating a context for political leadership and • government commitments to allocate greater
resources to sanitation for the poor.
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Sanitation and hygiene
7. Access to water and sanitation
1. Poverty and Hunger
Linkages to MDGs
3. Gender equality
4. Reduced child
mortality
6.Combating disease:
(HIV, malaria...)
2. Universal primary
education
Why is Sanitation Important?
• Sanitation is vital for human health• Sanitation generates economic benefits• Sanitation contributes to dignity and
social development• Sanitation helps the environment• Improving sanitation is achievable
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• AfricaSan+5, in Durban, South Africa, February 18- 21, 2008
• 600 delegates: including 32 African government ministers responsible for sanitation-related portfolios
• The Ministers signed the eThekwini Declaration in which, among other undertakings, they pledged to create separate budget lines for sanitation and hygiene in their countries and to commit at least 0.5 percent of GDP.
• The eThekwini Declaration will be presented to the African Union at its 2008 Heads of State and Government Summit to be held in Egypt in July 2008.
Four Regional Sanitation Conferences
• LatinoSan, • SacoSan - III• EaSan,• AfricaSan
(Unicef, WSP, WSSCC, bilateral donors)
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GLOBAL SANITATION FUND The Global Sanitation Fund is not a
separate organization but simplya financing mechanism established to
boost expenditure on sanitationand hygiene in accordance with national
sanitation and hygiene policies.The fundamental goal is to help large numbers of poor people attain safe
and sustainable sanitation services and adopt good hygiene practices.
The GSF supports other organisations’ implementation work
by giving grants from a pooled global fund to selected organisations in
eligible countries.
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GLOBAL SANITATION FUND • Launched in Geneva March14th 2008.• Supported by theNetherlands/DGIS; US $ 44 millioner. • Sweden (US $ 7 millioner), SDC and DFID have alsoindicated support.• Norway has provided longlasting support to WSSCC, thehost of GSF.
What is Norway doing?
The Norwegian action plan for environment in development co-operation,
June 2006:
Norway intends to:• promote environment-based private sector development as a
means of creating growth, providing employment and achievingenvironmental goals (e.g. through the development ofenvironmental technology, renewable energy resources, and water and sanitation technology).
• focus attention on the importance of sanitation and hygiene, and ofreducing contamination of water resources
• support the improvement of water supply and sanitary conditions in other sectors, for example by supporting the installation ofsatisfactory water supplies and sanitary and hygiene facilities in schools and health institutions
• assist priority countries in achieving water and sanitation targets, focusing particularly on sanitation
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Some Norwegian contributions: • WSSCC • WSP (Water and Sanitation Program)• The Water Financing Partnership Facility in
the Asian Development Bank• UN-Habitat• Unicef• RWSSI in the AfDB (through the ADF X)• African Water Facility (AWF)• UN-Water• Some bilateral support• Mixed credits to projects in China and
Vietnam
Current Sector Status
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Progress in Africa towards theMDG sanitation target
MDG sanitation target:Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without access to basic sanitation
AfricaBaseline 1990: 67% without access to basic sanitationMDG target 2015: 34% without access to basic sanitation
MDG indicator for access to basic sanitation:“Proportion of people using an improved sanitation facility, urban and rural
WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programmefor Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP)
Mandated by the UN to monitor global progress towards the MDG water and sanitation target
Use of national data sources:National censusesHousehold sample surveys (DHS, MICS, WHS, LSMS, CWIQ etc.)
Use of standard definitions and indicators to ensure data are comparable between countries and over time
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Percentage of population using an improved sanitation facility, 2006
No data
0 - 25%
26 - 50%
51 - 75%
76 - 100%
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations and WHO.
In 16 of the 54 countries in Africa,
sanitation coverage is less than 25 per cent
(MDG target)
33
38 41
66
0
20
40
60
80
100
Cov
erag
e (%
)
1990 2006 2015Sanitat ion trend
Trend required for M DG target
The Bad News: Africa is not on track to meet the MDG sanitation target
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Progress towards the MDG Sanitation target, 2006
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations and WHO.
Insufficient or no data
On track
Not on track
Progress but insufficient
The Good News: Five countries in Africa are on track to meet the MDG sanitation target
MDG definitionsMDG definitions
Improved sanitation• Flush/pour flush to:
• piped sewer system
• septic tank
• pit latrine
• Ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine
• Pit latrine with slab
• Composting toilet
Unimproved sanitation• Pit latrine without slab/
open pit
• Bucket
• Hanging toilet/hanging latrine
• Flush/pour flush to elsewhere
• No facilities, bush or field (open defecation)
• Shared or public facilities
An improved sanitation facility hygienically separates human waste from human contact
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% practising open defecation
% using unimproved facilities
% using shared sanitation
% using improved sanitation
Trends in sanitation practices, 1990 - 2006
3338
13
17
21
22
3225
1990 2006
Cov
erag
e (p
erce
ntag
e)
All Africa
Sanitation practices by African subSanitation practices by African sub--region, 1990region, 1990--20062006
57
68
5
7
15
18
20
11
19 9 0 2 0 0 6
Cov
erag
e (p
erce
ntag
e)
5752
21
20
128
1316
19 9 0 2 0 0 6
33
22
12
5
45
36
2028
19 9 0 2 0 0 6
2925
1613
18
23
33
44
19 9 0 2 0 0 6
2421
22
17
27
23
3135
19 9 0 2 0 0 6 19 9 0 2 0 0 6
Open defecation
Improved
Unim
provedShared
NorthernAfrica
SouthernAfrica
CentralAfrica
WesternAfrica
EasternAfrica
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More than three quarters of urban dwellers use More than three quarters of urban dwellers use improved or shared sanitation while over 200 improved or shared sanitation while over 200
million rural residents million rural residents practisepractise open defecation open defecation
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1990 2006 Impro ved Shared
Unimpro ved Open defecat io n
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1990 2006Impro ved Shared
Unimpro ved Open defecatio n
Urban Africa Rural Africa
New/rediscovered principles and guidelines:
• Limited use of subsidies, and if so; only targeted
• The whole community must be involved (CLTS)
• new approach to monitoring.
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2008: The International Year of
• Sanitation• Languages• the Potato
• Are we able to communicate ourmessage on ”Sanitation, - and Hygiene”?
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Thank you!
- with thanks to WHO, Unicef, WSSCC, WSP, from whom I’ve ”borrowed”