The International Seabed Authority and Land-Locked Developing Countries

The International Seabed Authority and Land-Locked Developing CountriesUNCLOS and the LLDCsUnited Nations, New York1 June 2012

Michael W. LodgeDeputy to the Secretary-General

Mineral exploration or exploitation in the Area may be conducted only under contract with the International

Seabed Authority.

The seabed beyond national jurisdiction - the 'Area'. Mineral resources of the Area are the common heritage of mankind.

LLDC members of ISA

ARMENIABOLIVIABOTSWANABURKINA FASOCHADLAO PEOPLE’S DEM. REPUBLICLESOTHOMALAWIMALIMOLDOVAMONGOLIANEPALPARAGUAYTHE FORMER YUGOSLAV REP.OF MACEDONIAUGANDAZAMBIAZIMBABWE

10%

LLDC UN members non-SPLOS

18 of the UN members who are not parties to UNCLOS are land-locked

42%

LLDC participation

Article 148Special needs of LLGDS to overcome obstacles arising from their disadvantaged location, including remoteness from the Area

Article 160(2)(k)... problems of a general nature arising for developing states that are due to their geographical location, particularly for LLGDS

LLDC eligibility for ISA Council

Group C: major net exportersUganda (19.6%)Zambia (12.9%)

Group D: special interestsIncludes land-locked

Group E: equitable geographic representationCzech Republic, but no LLDC

LLDC benefit-sharing

Article 140Benefit of mankind as a whole, irrespective of geographic location ...

Article 160... equitable sharing of financial and other economic benefits ...

Article 82... revenue sharing ...

Articles 143 and 256Participation in marine scientific research in the Area (including training).