The internal combustion engine and gasoline

• 1. By Adam Altenbern

2. The Four Cycles1. Intake stroke-piston lowers andair from the intakevalue enters thecylinder.2. Compressionstroke- the pistonraises andcompresses the airgas mixture.`3. Power stroke-accompanied by acharge from thespark plug, themixture explodes orignites.4. Exhaust stroke- theend result of thewhole reaction isthen pushed out ofthe cylinder and outthe exhaust valve.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wRIKJ6Av5zo 3. The ideal mixture of every gallon of air and everygallon gasoline is called the stoichiometric ratiowhich is for every 1 gallon of gasoline there shouldbe 14.7 gallons of air. the ideal chemical equation isas follows.The Ideal mixture 4. Hydrocarbon emissions are exactly what they sound like, theemissions of hydrocarbons or in this case C3H8 called octane. this is caused by hydrocarbons not being combusted. Somereasons include low engine temperature, broken sparkplug, thequenching phenomena, or hydrocarbons being stuck in pores inthe cylinder wall.Hydrocarbon Emissions 5. In an ideal reaction carbon dioxide is releasedinstead of carbon monoxide. The main reason for this is if there is a lack of air andthis creates a partially burned emission.Carbon monoxideemission 6. Oxides of nitrogen are expressed as NOx . There are many different oxides of nitrogen but nitric oxide(NO) makes up the majority of 98% of the oxides of nitrogenthat are released. The main cause of this is high temperature and pressurebinding the nitrogen and oxygen together.Oxides of Nitrogen 7. Gasoline is a mixture of additives and octane. Octane or C3H8 is notalways used as just a straight-chained alkane. Octane is also formedinto isooctane (2,2,4-trimethyloctane) and 1-ethylbenzene. How the octane is created or which substituent is used gives it anoctane rating. The higher the octane rating the less likely the mixturewill prematurely combust.Gasoline 8. The difficulty in making a perfect combustionreaction is difficult and you cannot take away oneunless you wish to add more of another.The End Result 9. Citations "Emissions#1 - combustion chemistry." N.d. pdf file. toyota motor sales,U.S.A.,inc. All Rights Reserved.http://www.autoshop101.com/forms/h55.pdf chemical makup and creation of gasoline:Marshall, E. L., and Owen, K., eds. (1995). Critical Reports on Applied Chemistry,Vol. 34: Motor Gasoline. Cambridge, U.K.: Royal Society of Chemistry.Read more: http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Fe-Ge/Gasoline.html#ixzz2QAG4KHT3 "INTRODUCTION TO FUEL AND ENERGY." INTRODUCTION TO FUEL AND ENERGY.N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Apr. 2013.http://eyrie.shef.ac.uk/eee/cpe630/comfun1.html