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INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS
(Erdogan & Enders, 2007; Witt & Carlson, 2006) and reduce turnover (Loi et al., 2006). Eisenberger et al.
(1986, p. 501) suggested that “employees develop global beliefs concerning the extent to which the
organization values their contributions and cares about their well-being”. The general forms of perceived
favorable treatment received from organization (i.e., fairness, supervisor support, organizational rewards
and job conditions) should increase POS (Rhoades & Eisenberger, 2002).
Employee with high perceived support would be predicted loyalty and also be associated with
expectancies. Rhoades and Eisenberger (2002) in their meta-analysis found that POS positively related to
performance and expectancies such as opportunities for greater recognition, pay and promotion. And
employees may attempt to be creative when they perceive that creativity is valued and supported by an
organization (Scott & Bruce, 1994). This conditions make the potential risk associated with creativity is
minimized and perception of creative ideas being effective should be high (Madjar, 2008). Thus the
following hypotheses are proposed:
Hypothesis 8a: The characteristics of organizational support contribute significantly to employee creativity.
Hypothesis 8b: The characteristics of organizational support contribute significantly to employee performance.
3. Methodology
3.1. The research model and construct measurement
The conceptual framework in figure 1 describes the relationships between employee creativity and employee performance with its antecedents based on the literature review.
<Insert Figure 1 about here>
3.2. Procedure
This meta-analysis searched the acquired empirical studies in different scientific database in order to
identify the studies relevant to the research. This performed an extensive electronic and manual search
using the keywords of person-supervisor fit, supervisor support, leader member exchange, psychological
empowerment, innovative climate and organizational support to identify published articles, conference
papers, working papers and doctoral dissertations from sources as aforementioned in table 1.
<Insert Table 1 about here>
4. Analysis
All identified studies were examined and then determined the following relevant variables: authors, year,
journal, total sample size, the statistic measurement of each variable, and effect sizes. Two alternatives were
used for inclusion: (1) Correlational studies have to present the correlation coefficient (r) or the
standardized regression (beta) coefficient. Peterson and Brown (2005) investigated the empirical
relationship between simple correlation coefficients and standardized regression slopes as the effect-size
metric from published articles in behavioral journals. The result indicate that under certain conditions, using
knowledge of corresponding beta coefficients to input missing correlations (effect sizes) generally produces
relatively accurate population effect-size estimates; (2) Studies have to present the related statistic (t-test, p-
value) for the relationship between related variables. These statistics could be converted to effect size (r)
and Fisher Z effect using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) Software. Then comparing and combining
effect sizes and significance levels. In addition, this paper also incorporated those studies that provided only
the standardized regression (beta) coefficients using the formula suggested by Peterson and Brown (2005)
to estimate the correlations from the beta coefficients. The formula used is r = 0.98β + 0.05γ, where λ is a
variable that equals 1 when β is non-negative and 0 when β is negative.
There is also homogeneity analysis which tests whether the assumption that all of the effect sizes are
estimating the same population mean is a reasonable assumption. Homogeneity of the effect size
distribution was tested by the Q statistic proposed by Cochran and defined (Hedges, 1981; Hedges & Olkin,
1985) as,
2
)( TTwQ ii
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S.,2012(EP,OS)9 Kraimer, et al.,1999(SPV,PE)15 Tierney, P.et al.,2004(SPV,PE,EC)4
Cooke, W.N., & Meyer
D.G.,2008(EP,IC)25
Kristof-Brown, et
al.,2005(SPV,EP)3 Van Vianen, et al.,2011(SPV,PE)5
Dawley, et al.,2008(SPV,EP,OS)16 Liden, R.C. et
al.,2000(SPV,PE,EP)2 Van Scooter, Jet al.,2000(EC,EP)2
De Dreu, C.K. & West
M.A.,2001(EC,IC)2 Luthans, et al.,2008(EP,IC)5 Vilela, et al.,2008(SPV,EP)22
Eisenberger, et al.,2002(EC,OS)2 Mathieu, et
al.,2006(SPV,PE,EC)1 Wei, F., et al.,2010(SPV,PE,EC)17
Erdogan, B.,& Bauer,
T.N.,2009(PE,EC)2
Ng, Thomas W.H.et
al.,2009(EC,EP)7
Yoon, J., & Lim, J-
C.,1999(EP,OS)14
Ergeneli, et al.,2007(SPV,PE)10 Oldham, G. R.et
al.,1996(SPV,EC,EP)1
Yun Lin, C.,et
al.,2012(SPV,EC,OS)12
Farmer, S.M., et al.,2003(PE,EC,OS)1 Patterson, et al.,2005(EC,IC)7 Zhang, X., &
B.K.M.,2010,study1(PE,EC,EP)2
Francis C.A.,2011(SPV,EP,OS)11 Pieterse, et al.,2010(SPV,PE,EC)7 Zhang, X., & B.
K.M.,2010,study2(SPV,PE,EC)1
Gilson, L.L., & Shalley
C.E.,2004(EC,IC)4
Rafferty, A.E.et
al.,2006(PE,EP)21
Zhou, J., & George, J.
M.,2001(EC,OS)2 aCodes in parentheses: SPV=Person-Supervisor Fit, Supervisor Support, & Leader Member Exchange; PE=Psychological Empowerment;
EC=Employee Creativity; EP=Employee Performance; IC=Innovative Climate; OS=Organizational Support. journals are footnoted in alphabetical order: (1)Academy of Management Journal, (2)Journal of Applied Psychology, (3)Personnel
Psychology, (4)Journal of Management, (5)Journal of Organizational Behavior, (6)Leadership Quarterly, (7)Journal of Organizational
Change Management,(8)International Journal of Manpower, (9)International Journal of Hospitality Management, (10)Journal of Business
Research, (11)Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, (12)European Journal of Innovation Management,(13)International Journal
of Information Management, (14)Human Relations, (15)Educational and Psychological Measurement, (16)Leadership & Organization Development Journal,(17)Frontiers of Business Researches in China, (18)Management Research News, (19)Public Organization Review,
(20)International Journal of Psychology,(21)Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, (22)Industrial Marketing
Management, (23)The Business Review, (24)Journal of Business & Psychology,(25)unpublished research study.
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