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The Influence of Estuarine Habitats on Expression of Life History Characteristics of Smolting Coho Salmon Research Project Review For KBRR NERRS Community Council May 26, 2010 Presented by Tammy Hoem, GRF, University of Alaska Fairbanks
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The influence of estuarine habitats on the expression of life history of characteristcs of Life History

Nov 30, 2014

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2010 project update by Tammy Hoem
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Page 1: The influence of estuarine habitats on the expression of life history of characteristcs of Life History

 The Influence of Estuarine Habitats on Expression of Life History Characteristics of Smolting Coho Salmon

Research Project ReviewFor

KBRR NERRS Community CouncilMay 26, 2010

Presented by

Tammy Hoem, GRF, University of Alaska Fairbanks

Page 2: The influence of estuarine habitats on the expression of life history of characteristcs of Life History

AcknowledgementsUniversity of Alaska FairbanksKachemak Bay Research Reserve, NOAA, NERRSAlaska Department of Fish and Game, Sport FishGraduate Committee:

Amanda RosenbergerChristian ZimmermanMegan McPheeFranz Mueter

Cooperators and full-time staff:Coowe Walker (and the Walker family)Steve BairdMichelle GutschJason Neher

And the amazing army of staff and volunteers who have helped out for the past two years!!

Page 3: The influence of estuarine habitats on the expression of life history of characteristcs of Life History

Summary

• Background and purpose• Objectives • 2009 project review• 2010-2011 sampling plan• Questions and discussion

Page 4: The influence of estuarine habitats on the expression of life history of characteristcs of Life History

OverviewVariability in life history strategies is a solution to ecological

problemsWhat is the problem for salmon? Our changing climate.

Variability  (of conditions)

Resilienceto environmental change

Variability(of fish traits)

Page 5: The influence of estuarine habitats on the expression of life history of characteristcs of Life History

Coho Salmon in Estuaries

Coho (Silver) salmon• Northern CA to West Coast AK• Wide range of life histories• Estuary use is short but important

Estuary use in Pacific Salmon• Very dynamic areas, not well understood• Potential area of hard selection pressure• Important for smolting

Page 6: The influence of estuarine habitats on the expression of life history of characteristcs of Life History

The Question:Do estuary habitats select for salmon smolt traits?Two-part Investigation1. Smolts in an estuary• Traits: size, condition, age class • Environmental conditions: salinity, temperature

2. Adults returning to two different estuarine systems• Traits: size, movement patterns, genetic diversity and 

structure• Environmental conditions: tidal inundation, stream flow 

events, size  

Page 7: The influence of estuarine habitats on the expression of life history of characteristcs of Life History

Study Area

~1.0 km2

~12 km2

Page 8: The influence of estuarine habitats on the expression of life history of characteristcs of Life History

PredictionsSmolt traits within a single type of estuarine habitat

• Greater range of environmental conditions results in fish with greater range of traits

• More developed smolt will be associated with increasing salinity and temperature 

Page 9: The influence of estuarine habitats on the expression of life history of characteristcs of Life History

PredictionsSalmon traits compared between estuaries

The larger, more complex estuary(Fox)will have fish with:1.  A wider range in time using the estuary and patterns of 

movement between fresh and salt water.2.  Wider ranges in the age and length at ocean entry3.  Weaker genetic structure but greater genetic diversity

Page 10: The influence of estuarine habitats on the expression of life history of characteristcs of Life History

2009 Pilot Study GoalsThree Objectives

1. Determine sampling methods2. Determine sites3. Develop baseline data set

Page 11: The influence of estuarine habitats on the expression of life history of characteristcs of Life History

2009 Pilot Study Results• Sampled ten sites, four channel types in the Fox, 

six sites, three channel types within the Anchor• Captured >4k fish, 13 species in the Fox and >1k 

fish, 8 species within the Anchor• Determined best sampling method and selected 

sites for focused sampling• Developed baseline species composition, size, and 

distribution data

Page 12: The influence of estuarine habitats on the expression of life history of characteristcs of Life History

2010 Study ObjectivesCompare traits of smolts using the estuary• Salinity, temperature• Size, condition, age 

Compare salmon traits between two different estuary systems• Stream discharge, size, watershed type• Size at marine entry, time of estuary occupancy, 

movement patterns, genetic structure, diversity

Page 13: The influence of estuarine habitats on the expression of life history of characteristcs of Life History

Methods: Smolt Traits Compared Within a Single Estuary

Measure environmental conditions• Temperature (continuous logging)• Salinity (point measurements)

Capture salmon smolt, measure traits• Size measured in field and in photos• Condition and age determined from 

scale and specimens

Test predictions regarding conditions and smolt traits

Page 14: The influence of estuarine habitats on the expression of life history of characteristcs of Life History

Methods: Salmon Traits Compared Between Estuaries

Collect environmental data• Stream flow (gauges, depth loggers)• Tidal inundation (depth loggers)• Size (existing maps)

Collect samples from adult returns• Standard length and photos from angled fish • Otoliths, fin clips from angled fish

Complete analysis of adult otoliths• Microstructure for age and size• Microchemistry for behavior and movement

Complete analysis of genetic samples• Examine diversity and structure of markers

Test predictions regarding estuaries and fish traits

Page 15: The influence of estuarine habitats on the expression of life history of characteristcs of Life History

The End…for now!