The Industrialized Democracies Chapter 15 Section 2.

The Industrialized The Industrialized DemocraciesDemocracies

Chapter 15Chapter 15

Section 2Section 2

American EconomyAmerican Economy After WWII, U.S. businesses expanded into the After WWII, U.S. businesses expanded into the

global marketplaceglobal marketplace Other nations needed goods and services to Other nations needed goods and services to

rebuildrebuild This led to a period of economic success that This led to a period of economic success that

changed life in the United Stateschanged life in the United States During the 1950s and 1960s, During the 1950s and 1960s, recessions recessions

(economic slowdowns) were brief and mild(economic slowdowns) were brief and mild As Americans prospered, they left the cities to live As Americans prospered, they left the cities to live

in the suburbs which is called in the suburbs which is called suburbanizationsuburbanization

Why Suburbanization?Why Suburbanization?

Americans took Americans took advantage of the advantage of the growing economygrowing economy

Moved to single Moved to single family homesfamily homes

LawnsLawns Good schoolsGood schools Access to highways Access to highways

for work commutefor work commute

SuburbanizationSuburbanization

SuburbanizationSuburbanization

1950’s stereotypical family1950’s stereotypical family

Post-War HousewifePost-War Housewife

Mom Hard at Work in the FiftiesMom Hard at Work in the Fifties

“Housewife” is an old, out-of-style term. Today, the terminology is “stay-at-home mom” or “domestic engineer”

Oil CrisisOil Crisis Job opportunities brought people to the Job opportunities brought people to the

Sunbelt region of the USASunbelt region of the USA By the 1970s, countries in the Middle East By the 1970s, countries in the Middle East

placed an embargo on the USAplaced an embargo on the USA The price of oil and gas rose substantially, The price of oil and gas rose substantially,

which meant that people had less money which meant that people had less money to buy other consumer productsto buy other consumer products

This showed American dependence of oil.This showed American dependence of oil. The decades of prosperity ended in 1974, The decades of prosperity ended in 1974,

with a serious economic recessionwith a serious economic recession

OilOil

Oil CrisisOil Crisis

Oil CrisisOil Crisis

Energy Inefficient HomeEnergy Inefficient Home

Sorry….no gas.Sorry….no gas.

Notice the large gas-guzzling cars of the 1970s. American auto manufacturers were years behind the Japanese in making smaller fuel efficient automobiles.

Oil prices in the 1970’sOil prices in the 1970’s

Gasoline prices then and nowGasoline prices then and now

Gasoline pricesGasoline prices

Discrimination and SegregationDiscrimination and Segregation

During the period of prosperity, African During the period of prosperity, African Americans and other minorities faced Americans and other minorities faced segregationsegregation in housing and education in housing and education

Blacks suffered from Blacks suffered from discrimination discrimination in jobs and in jobs and votingvoting

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. emerged as the emerged as the main civil rights leader in the 1960smain civil rights leader in the 1960s

During the 1960s, the U.S. Congress passed During the 1960s, the U.S. Congress passed some important civil rights legislationsome important civil rights legislation

SegregationSegregation

SegregationSegregation

SegregationSegregation

SegregationSegregation

Armed Forces SegregatedArmed Forces Segregated

Brown vs. Board of EducationBrown vs. Board of Education

A 1954 landmark Supreme Court case that declared that segregated schools violated the United States Constitution.

Dr. Martin Luther KingDr. Martin Luther King

Delivered the “I have a dream” speech in 1963.

Major civil rights leader in the 1960s

Dr. King organized boycotts and peaceful protests to end segregation in the USA.

Positive Effects of Civil Rights MovementPositive Effects of Civil Rights Movement

Congress passed new lawsCongress passed new laws Public segregation outlawedPublic segregation outlawed Voting rights protectedVoting rights protected Equal access to housing and jobsEqual access to housing and jobs But poverty, unemployment, and But poverty, unemployment, and

discrimination still affected minoritiesdiscrimination still affected minorities

Women RightsWomen Rights

Women faced gender discriminationWomen faced gender discrimination Example: the women’s rights movement Example: the women’s rights movement

helped to end much gender-based helped to end much gender-based discrimination in jobs and higher salariesdiscrimination in jobs and higher salaries

Re-Building Western EuropeRe-Building Western Europe W. Europe rebuilt after WWIIW. Europe rebuilt after WWII The Marshall Plan helped restore European The Marshall Plan helped restore European

economies by providing U.S. aideconomies by providing U.S. aid After the war, Germany was divided between After the war, Germany was divided between

the communist East and the democratic West, the communist East and the democratic West, but reunited at the end of the Cold War in 1990but reunited at the end of the Cold War in 1990

Under Under Konrad AdenauerKonrad Adenauer, West Germany’s , West Germany’s chancellor from 1949 to 1963, Germany build chancellor from 1949 to 1963, Germany build modern cities and re-established trademodern cities and re-established trade

Marshall Plan Aid to Western Marshall Plan Aid to Western EuropeEurope

Division of Germany into 4 Division of Germany into 4 Occupation Zones After World War Occupation Zones After World War

IIII

Konrad AdenauerKonrad Adenauer

Welfare StatesWelfare States

European governments also developed European governments also developed programs that increased government programs that increased government responsibility for the needs of peopleresponsibility for the needs of people National HealthcareNational Healthcare Unemployment InsuranceUnemployment Insurance Old-age PensionsOld-age Pensions

These These welfare stateswelfare states required high taxes required high taxes to pay for their programsto pay for their programs

European EconomyEuropean Economy

During the 1980s, some leaders, such as During the 1980s, some leaders, such as Britain’s Conservative Margaret Thatcher, Britain’s Conservative Margaret Thatcher, reduced the role of the government in the reduced the role of the government in the economyeconomy

Western Europe also moved closer to Western Europe also moved closer to economic unity with the economic unity with the European European CommunityCommunity, an organization dedicated to , an organization dedicated to establishing free trade among its membersestablishing free trade among its members

Margaret ThatcherMargaret Thatcher

1925-2013

European Economic CommunityEuropean Economic Community

JapanJapan Japan prospered after WWIIJapan prospered after WWII After WWII the Japanese Emperor lost all power.After WWII the Japanese Emperor lost all power. Japan’s new government was a parliamentary Japan’s new government was a parliamentary

democracy.democracy.

JapanJapan

ToyotaToyota

MitsubishiMitsubishi

SonySony

Japan’s economyJapan’s economy

Its Its gross domestic product (GDP)gross domestic product (GDP) soared soared GDP = The GDP of a country is defined as the GDP = The GDP of a country is defined as the

market value of all final goods and services market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of produced within a country in a given period of timetime

Like Germany, Japan built new factories and Like Germany, Japan built new factories and produced cheap consumer goodsproduced cheap consumer goods

American military protected Japan so Japan American military protected Japan so Japan could direct more money to developing its could direct more money to developing its factoriesfactories

Japan’s economyJapan’s economy

The Japanese government protected industries The Japanese government protected industries by raising tariffs on imported goodsby raising tariffs on imported goods

This helped create a trade surplus for Japan but This helped create a trade surplus for Japan but angered the USA who wanted to export more to angered the USA who wanted to export more to JapanJapan

Powerpoint QuestionsPowerpoint Questions

1. What does recession mean?1. What does recession mean?

2. Define suburbanization.2. Define suburbanization.

3. In what two areas did minorities face segregation? (2 3. In what two areas did minorities face segregation? (2 points)points)

4. In what two areas did African-Americans suffer 4. In what two areas did African-Americans suffer discrimination? (2 points)discrimination? (2 points)

5. Who was a leader of the American civil rights 5. Who was a leader of the American civil rights movement?movement?

6. Identify the American plan to help re-build the European 6. Identify the American plan to help re-build the European economieseconomies

Powerpoint QuestionsPowerpoint Questions

7. What West German leader helped re-build West 7. What West German leader helped re-build West Germany’s shattered economy?Germany’s shattered economy?

8. What was the national goal of the “Welfare States”?8. What was the national goal of the “Welfare States”?

9. After many years, which British leader reduced the role 9. After many years, which British leader reduced the role of government?of government?

10. What is the purpose of the European Community?10. What is the purpose of the European Community?

11. Define GDP.11. Define GDP.

The EndThe End