The Industrial Revolution ONE

7/29/2019 The Industrial Revolution ONE

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The Industrial Revolution

Change is inevitable in a progressive society. Change is constant.

- Benjamin Disraeli, 1867


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For hundreds of years there was very little

change in technology in Europe.

People lived and worked with the same

simple tools that their ancestors had used.

.Little had changed since

the time the ancient

Romans lived 1,500years before.


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Candles lit homes, animals provided help

for transportation, and craftsmen used their

skills to make hand-constructed goodsneeded in the primitive society.


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Even books were written and illustrated

by hand.

Look at the beautiful writing and

illustrations of the pages in the books

on the next slides.

They are from the Book of Words


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In the mid-1700s life began to change in

Europe.

The Industrial Revolution began.

This was a revolution of inventiveness.

The change started slowly, but rapidly

began to grow.


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The age of the machine

had begun and life

would NEVER be thesame!


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1927 20 horse power

Ended production May 26 1927. The model

could not keep up with the changing times.What could have been done to keep the

Model T up to par with other cars? Think

of cars today.


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British made. 10.5 horse power. Very

much like the Model T, very reliable. It

was exported to Japan.

Was the exportation to Japan successful?


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1918 20 horse power. In the 1910s began to

challenge the Model T in popularity, but did

not succeed.

What are some possible explanations as to

why the Chevy was not able to fully compete

with the Ford Model T?


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That Nation of Shopkeepers!-- Napoleon Bonaparte


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Early Canals

Britains EarliestTransportationInfrastructure


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Mine & Forge [1840-1880] More powerful than water is coal.

More powerful than wood is iron.

Innovations make steel feasible. Puddling [1820] pig iron.

Hot blast [1829] cheaper, purersteel. Bessemer process [1856] strong,

flexible steel.


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Young Coal Miners


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Child Labor in the Mines

Childhurriers


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Richard Arkwright:Pioneer of the Factory System

The Water Frame


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Factory Production) Concentrates production in oneplace [materials, labor].

) Located near sources of power

[rather than labor or markets].

) Requires a lot of capital investment[factory, machines, etc.] more

than skilled labor.

) Only 10% of English industry in1850.


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The Factory System

Rigid schedule.

12-14 hour day.

Dangerous conditions.

Mind-numbing monotony.


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Textile FactoryWorkers in England


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British Coin Portraying a Factory, 1812


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Young Bobbin-Doffers


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Jacquards Loom


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John Kays Flying Shuttle


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The Power Loom


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James Watts Steam Engine


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Steam Tractor


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Steam Ship


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An Early Steam Locomotive


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Later Locomotives


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The Impact of the Railroad


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19c Bourgeoisie:The Industrial Nouveau Riche


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Criticism of the New Bourgeoisie


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Stereotype of the Factory Owner


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Upstairs/Downstairs Life


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The Life of the New Urban Poor: A DickensianNightmare!


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Private Charities: Soup Kitchens


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The Luddites: 1811-1816

Ned Ludd [a mythical figure supposed to live in

Sherwood Forest]

Attacks on the frames [power looms].


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The Luddite Triangle


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The Luddites


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The Neo-Luddites Today


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The Chartists

Key

Chartist

settlementsCentres ofChartism

Area of plugriots, 1842


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The Peoples CharterV Drafted in 1838 by William Lovett.V Radical campaign for Parliamentary

reform of the inequalities created bythe Reform Bill of 1832.

Votes for all men. Equal electoral districts. Abolition of the requirement that

Members of Parliament [MPs] be

property owners. Payment for Members of Parliament. Annual general elections. The secret ballot.


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The Chartists

A physical forceChartists arming for

the fight.

A female Chartist


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Th M lth


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Thomas Malthus

Population growth willoutpace the food supply.

War, disease, or famine

could control population.

The poor should haveless children.

Food supply will then keepup with population.


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David Ricardo Iron Law of Wages.

When wages are high,

workers have morechildren.

More children create a

large labor surplus thatdepresses wages.


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The Utilitarians:Jeremy Bentham & John Stuart Mill

The goal of society is the greatest good forthe greatest number.

There is a role to play for government

intervention to provide some social safetynet.


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Jeremy Bentham


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The Socialists:Utopians & Marxists

People as a society would operate and own the

means of production, not individuals. Their goal was a society that benefited

everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few.

Tried to build perfect communities [utopias].


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1850


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By 1850:Zones of Industrialization

on the European

Continent

Northeast France. Belgium. The Netherlands.

Western German states. Northern Italy East Germany Saxony

The Industrial Revolution ONE

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