The Industrial Revolution 1700-1800
Feb 24, 2016
The Industrial Revolution1700-1800
A great increase in output of machine-made goods during the 18th century.
Transformed the political and diplomatic landscape of Europe.
Before largely dominated rural and handcrafted economy
Revolution=technology changes, social changes, new organization of human labor
What is the Industrial Revolution?
1700 first change in farming methods (England)Open field growth changed to enclosed fields
Crop RotationStock BreadingSmall farms bought up by wealthy landowners
Food supply increase, living conditions improve, population increase
Agriculture Revolution
No civil strife or invading of armies (French Revolution)
Relatively good and stable governmentHad factors of production (land, labor, capital)
Presence of a large middle classPeople invested and drove to be better
No trade taxes like continental EuropeRich in natural resources needed for
industrialization (water, coal, iron ore, rivers, harbors for ships)
Why did the Industrial Revolution first take hold in Britain?
Modern cotton industryBefore 4 to 5 spinners needed to keep up with
one cotton loom
Technology changes since 1700
With invention of new machine to spin, the revolution took off
Inventors: John Kay (flying shuttle, James Hagreaves (Spinning Jenny), Eli Whitney (Cotton wheel)
Large machines required a factory to put them in
Cotton Gin
Steam EngineTransportation
Water, iron, coal become energy sourcesRailroad= expanded market for factories,
cheap way to transport, new jobs created, boost agriculture industryAutomobile in U.S.
Technology changes since 1700Continued
CommunicationAlexander Graham Bell-TelephoneRadio
Goal: keep things running14hrs. / day, 6 day / weekDangerous working environmentsWomen and children made up over half of the
labor force
Working Conditions in Factories
City growth=shift towards cities because of factories
Living condition bad=no sanitary codes, no building codes, lack adequate housing, education, protection.
New class created=working classAll men and women in mills and factories
Class tensions due to living conditions: middle class (professional workers live good)
Changes in Social Patterns
England1860 produce 20% of industrial goodsPopulation increase 9 to 21 millionTook inventions to EuropeNo wars going onHighly developed transportation system
France / Continental EuropeGap in production due to Napoleon WarsMuch larger and fewer rivers for navigationNeed and want to adopt “Britain’s Miracle”Belgium has high contents of iron and coalGermany builds railroads
England vs. Continental Europe and U.S.
United StatesSame resources as EnglandWanted fast ways to do thingsMoses Brown—created first factoriesTextile first—clothing production1865 end of civil war—boom of industry in
northeastBoost in inventions—telephone, light bulb,
railroad
England vs. Continental Europe and U.S.
Wide gap between industrialized and non-industrialized countries
Imperialism develops=policy of extending one countries rule over many landsAggressive pursuit of foreign colonies for
economic purposesSettlement rather than explorationSuccessful wars and foreign conquest
Western world break off from the rest of the world
World Impact
***Factories, steam engines, railroads, children working, women working…..these were the biggest things to come out of the Industrial
Revolution