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THE IMPORTANCE OF THE REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE PRESERVATION
OF HEALTH AND IN THE PREVENTION OF SOME DISEASES
Prof. Dr. Pavlik Gábor DSc
Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences Semmelweis
University,Semmelweis Egyetem
[email protected]
Exercise is MedicineGyőr, 20. May 2011.
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2000 Sydney 2004 Athén 2008 Peking
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DISADVANTAGES OF THE PASSIVE WAY OF LIFE
• Movements system: faults of body posture, joints instability,
osteoporosis• Metabolism: obesity,
metabolic disorders• Nervous system: nervousness, anxiety
sleep disorders, labile autonomous regulation
• Cardio-vascular system: hypertension, coronary diseases
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DISADVANTAGES OF THE PASSIVE WAY OF LIFE
• Movements system: faults of body posture, joints instability,
osteoporosis• Metabolism: obesity,
metabolic disorders• Nervous system: nervousness, anxiety
sleep disorders, labile autonomous regulation
• Cardio-vascular system: hypertension, coronary diseases
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BONE DENSITY IN THE FUNCTION BONE DENSITY IN THE FUNCTION OF AGE OF AGE
Peak bone massPeak bone mass
females males
Bon
e d
en
sity
Age
athletic females
Szőts G.(2005)
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DISADVANTAGES OF THE PASSIVE WAY OF LIFE
• Movements system: faults of body posture, joints instability,
osteoporosis
• Metabolism: obesity, metabolic disorders
• Nervous system: nervousness, anxiety sleep disorders,
labile autonomous regulation• Cardio-vascular system: hypertension,
coronary diseases
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Obesity related diseases
• Cholelithiasis• 2-type diabetes• Dislipidaemia
• Hypertension• Coronary diseases• Stroke
• Sleep apnoe• Movements system inflammations• Tumors
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kcal
consumption uptake
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breakfest
snack
lunch
kcal
consumption uptake
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breakfest
snack
lunch
supper
kcal
consumption uptake
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breakfest
snack
lunch
supper
kcal
consumption uptake
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The required quantity of weekly intensive sports activity
• In younger than 20 yr. 6-7 hr
• 20-30 yr. 5-6 hr
• 30-40 yr. 4-5 hr
• 40-50 yr. 3-4 hr
• 50-60 yr. 2-3 hr
• In older than 60 yr. 1-2 hr
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DISADVANTAGES OF THE PASSIVE WAY OF LIFE
• Movements system: faults of body posture, joints instability,
osteoporosis• Metabolism: obesity,
metabolic disorders
• Nervous system: nervousness, anxiety sleep disorders,
labile autonomous regulation• Cardio-vascular system: hypertension,
coronary diseases
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Symptoms associated with nervousness, anxiety
• Low stress tolerance
• Depression
• Panic disease
• Addictive diseases
• Demencia
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Consequencies of sleep disorders
• Chronic fatigue
• Decrease of the proportion of paradoxic sleep (REM)
• Insufficient cerebral recovery
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Labile autonomous regulation
• Cardiac function
• Blood pressure
• Digestive diseases
• Metabolic disturbances
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DISADVANTAGES OF THE PASSIVE WAY OF LIFE
• Movements system: faults of body posture, joints instability,
osteoporosis• Metabolism: obesity,
metabolic disorders• Nervous system: nervousness, anxiety
sleep disorders, labile autonomous regulation
• Cardio-vascular system: hypertension, heart (coronary) diseases
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Importance of the athlete’s heart
• Fatal consequences of sedentary way of life are caused most frequently through the disturbances of the cardiovascular system
• The cardiac performance is mostly the limit of the endurance performance
• Cause of the sudden death of the athletes is always a disturbance of the heart
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Mortality statistic in Hungary
cardiovascular
Tumors
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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATHLETE’S HEART
MORPHOLOGY – left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy
- more rich coronary circulation
FUNCTION - better diastolic function (higher E/A)
REGULATION - lower heart rate
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Relative left ventricular muscle mass (mean + s.e.m.)
males females
* szignifikáns különbség a nem-edzettektől edzett csoportok között
Pavlik et al. Br.J.Sp.Med.2001Pavlik et al. 27. FIMS Congr. Proc. 2002
* * * * * *
g/m3
NA STR SPRJ BGP END NA STR SPRJ BGP END
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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATHLETE’S HEART
MORPHOLOGY – left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy- more rich coronary circulation
FUNCTION - better diastolic function (higher E/A)
REGULATION - lower heart rate
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THE EFFECT OF REGULAR PHYSICAL TRAINING ON THE CORONARY CIRCULATION
HUMAN DATA
section Currens and White 1961
ultrasound Pelliccia et al. 1990.
dilatation capacity Haskell et al. 1993
ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS
section Petren et al. 1936, 1937
arteriolar flow Laughlin et al. 1978, Breisch et al. 1986
increase of capillary density: young rats - Bloor, Leon 1970,Tomanek 1970, Bell, Rasmussen 1974, Jacobs ea. 1984,
Mattfeldt ea. 1986
no increase: older rats - Unge et al. 1979, Jacobs et al. 1984
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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATHLETE’S HEART
MORPHOLOGY – left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy- more rich coronary circulation
FUNCTION - better diastolic function (higher E/A)
REGULATION - lower heart rate
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* * * * ** * * *
AZ E/A (ÁTLAG + S.E.M.) AZ ÉLETKOR FÜGGVÉNYÉBEN NEM-EDZETT ÉS EDZETTFÉRFIAKBAN ÉS NŐKBEN
*: szignifikáns különbség év
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REL.LVMM AND E/A IN MEN OLDER THAN 35 YR.
y =0,82 + 0,0083x r=0,32 p < 0,05
y =1,1707 - 0,004x r= -0,27 p< 0,15 N=34
g/m3
N=44
Pavlik és mtsai, Hypertonia és Nephrologia 2002
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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATHLETE’S HEART
MORPHOLOGY – left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy- more rich coronary circulation
FUNCTION - better diastolic function (higher E/A)
REGULATION - lower heart rate
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A PULZUSSZÁM (ÁTLAG + S.E.M.) AZ ÉLETKOR FÜGGVÉNYÉBEN NEM-EDZETT ÉS EDZETT
FÉRFIAKBAN ÉS NŐKBENpulz/perc
év
* * * * * * * *
*: szignifikáns különbség
NEM-EDZETT EDZETT
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THE HEART RATE AT DIFFERENT LEVEL OF LOAD IN NON-ATHLETIC AND ATHLETIC SUBJECTS
Cardiac output l/min
BPM
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DURATION OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE PHASES IN NON-ATHLETIC AND ATHLETIC SUBJECTS (Pavlik et al. Acta Physiol.
Hung. 1999)
msec
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Advantages of the athlete’s heart in the prevention of myocardial infarction
• LV hypertrophy
• Rich coronary capillarisation
• Better relaxation ability
• Lower resting and exercise heart rate
• Better general circulation
• Smaller area of one coronary capillary
• Better diastolic function in the older age
• Better coronary circulation during the longer diastole
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Risk factors of the myocardial infarction
• Overload
• Smoking
• Obesity
• High cholesterole level
• Nervousness, anxiety
• Sedentary way of life
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Risk factors of the myocardial infarction
• Overload
• Smoking
• Obesity
• High cholesterole level
• Nervousness, anxiety
• Sedentary way of life